Umlando weplamu njengezinhlobo zamasiko kunezinkulungwane ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Kwafika eRussia ngekhulu le-17, futhi kwasakazeka phakathi kwekhulu le-18.
I-Plum ivame ukutholakala endaweni ephakathi ye-Russian Federation, kodwa isiye saziwa kakhulu eMoldova, eCrimea nase-Ukraine.
I-Plum umuthi othanda ukushisa futhi ikhule ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseningizimu.
Okudume kakhulu, okukhonjelwe izinhlobo eziningi ezintsha, ukumelana nezifo kanye nesithwathwa, i-plum ehlukahlukene u-Anna Speth.
Anna Shpet Plum: incazelo ehlukahlukene
Umuthi ka-Anna Shpet ubude kakhulu, nge umqhele okhulu futhi oqinile we-pyramidal nomqhele wamagxolo. Amahlumela aqinile, asemnyama futhi ane-internodes ezincane. Amagatsha amakhulu kanye namahlumela aqinile kakhulu.
Amafihledi amancane, ngamathiphu abukhali. Amaqabunga amancane, i-oval, enekhono elibukhali, eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, elincane, elifakwe emaphethelweni, ngaphandle kwemigqa kanye ne-petiole emfushane.
Izimbali zinkulu, zimhlophe, zikhula ezimbili ndawonye, nge-pedicle ephakathi. Amakhemikhali anama-oval, anemiphetho ye-wavy. Ihamba kancane, i-anther iphuzi.
Amajikijolo amakhulu, enesisindo 45-50 amagremu, obomvu obomvu obunomthunzi we-burgundy, oval, ngaphandle kwe-pubescence. Banamaphuzu amaningi angaphansi kwegrey, i-suture ye-lateral cishe ayifuni. Ikhasi lobukhulu obuphakathi, elikhishwa kalula, elimbozwe nge-waxy coating.
Inyama iyathandeka kakhulu, nge-sweet dessert ukunambitheka okwedlulele kakhulu, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obukhulu, uma ukhula ngokugcwele - ophuzi okhanyayo, omile. Itshe lincane, li-ovoid, lihlukaniswe kalula kumalpu.
Isithombe
Ama-plum Photo "Anna Shpet":
Umlando wokuzala
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zatholakala esikhathini esidlule, ngasekupheleni kwawo-1870, eJalimane, ngumkhulumeli odumile waseJalimane uLudwig Shpet. Umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko kwakuwukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezintsha ze-lilac, futhi i-plum ezihlukahlukene zahlonywa ngengozi kusukela ekuvululeni kwe-spine ye-seedling engaziwa.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zazisakazwa kabanzi e-USSR ngo-1930-1940. Kwathathwa ngo-1947 ezindaweni zaseRostov, Astrakhan zaseRussia, eKrasnodar naseStvropol Territories.
Kamuva yaqala ukukhula eningizimu yeBelarus, e-Ukraine, eMoldova naseCrimea.
Izici
U-Anna Shpet ukhona i-plum sekwephuzile, amajikijolo aqala ukuvuthwa kuphela ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba noma ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Izithelo azitholakali futhi ingahlala esihlahleni isikhathi eside ngisho nangemva kokuvuthwa okugcwele.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zalezi zinhlobonhlobo yizi:
- isivuno esikhulu;
- izithelo ezinkulu kakhulu ezihlwabusayo;
- ukuqala kokuqala kwefruiting;
- ukuvuthwa kwelanga;
- ukunakekelwa okungazenzisi;
- amathuba okugcina isikhathi eside amajikijolo;
- izinga eliphezulu lokuvuselelwa kwesihlahla.
Lokhu kuyinhlobo ehlukahlukene yokuvumela, nomuthi oneminyaka engu-20 ubudala ongavuna ukuvuna 100-150 kg amajikijolo. U-Anna Shpet uqala ukuthela izithelo kakade eminyakeni engu-4-5 ngemuva kokufika.
Emva kokukhishwa esihlahleni, amajikijolo angagcinwa isikhathi eside kakhulu endaweni epholile ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Usetshenziselwa ukucubungula nokusetshenziswa okusha.
Nge-frost, ukuhlukahluka akusimiseki, noma kunjalo, ngisho nokuqhwala okukhulu, uyakwazi ukululama ngokushesha. Kodwa ngenxa yokukhula kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, akukafaneli, ngoba kuba yi-low-yield and is often sick. Ingahlehlisi inhlabathi futhi inakekele futhi ingabekezelela isomiso kahle.
U-Anna Shpet - lezi zinhlobonhlobo zivame ukuzitholela, futhi ukuze uthole isivuno esingcono sidinga impova.
Ama-pollinator ayenayo kakhulu kuyoba yizinhlobonhlobo ze-plums:
- I-Victoria;
- Renklod Altana;
- Catherine;
- Ekuqaleni;
- I-Washington;
- Ikhaya laseHungary;
- I-Kirke;
- Renklod green.
U-Anna Shpet ubamba izithelo ngonyaka futhi kakhulu kakhulu. Kodwa ngisho nesitshalo esingenakuzithoba ukuze uthole isivuno esinjalo, udinga ukuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa okufanele.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Kungcono ukutshala iplamu entwasahlobo lapho umhlaba ususwe ngokuphelele. Ngaphambi kokutshala inhlabathi e-acidic kufanele ihlahle. Kubalulekile ukucabangela indawo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ngama-plums, izinga lawo akufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-1.5 m.
Ukufika kungcono ukhethe izindawo ezifudumele, ezivikelwe kahle, zelangaIsibonelo, eduze nodonga lendlu, eduze kocingo noma ngakwesokunxele kwe-slope. I-plum ibekezelela umswakama womhlabathi futhi ayiwuthandi umhlabathi onzima, loamy.
Izitshalo zokutshala zicutshungulwa ngokujula cishe ngamasentimitha angu-50-60 futhi zilinganisa ububanzi buka-70-80 cm. Emva kokufaka isikhonkwane sokutshala, 2/3 emgodini ugcwele ingxube yamaminerali e-organic and amaminerali (10-15 kg we-humus kanye nesigidi se-superphosphate) kusuka engxenyeni ephezulu yomhlaba.
Uma ukutshala kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi intamo yempande ye-seedling ayifinyelele emhlabathini, kanti i-4-5 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Umuthi ubeka ngokucophelela emgodini bese ufaka ngokuqinile, ushiya umthombo wokunisela nxazonke ezimpandeni.
Umgqomo uboshiwe ngokukhululekile entanyeni ngethambo elithambile noma ifilimu. Okuseduze kufanele kukhule okungenani izinhlobo ezingu-2-3 ze-pollinator.
Ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, ummbila awuketshezi, uphuziswa kuphela, ukhululiwe futhi ukhula umhlabathi. Ekuqaleni kwezimbali eziyi-80% zezimbali, kuyinto efiselekayo yokunqunyulwa ukwenza lula inqubo yokuphila.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, ngoJuni, ungabamba umanyolo wokuqala we-nitrogen. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-fruiting eqinile, lo muthi kufanele uhlolwe kathathu ngenkathi ngayinye: ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ngoJuni nangasekupheleni kuka-Agasti.
Lapho u-fruiting ehlala njalo, ukugqoka kokuqala kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimbali, okwesibili - ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo kanye nesithathu - ngemva kokuvuna.
Izinhlobo ze-plums, ezijabulisa izivuno zazo eziphakeme: Firefly, uKorneevskaya yesiHungary, iMemori yeTimiryazev, uRenklod Altana, ipulazi eqoqiwe Renklod, iRenklod Soviet, i-Kroman, isipho seBlue, Ukuqala, Morning, Bolkhovchanka, Skoroplodnaya.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa isisombululo se-urea, i-potassium superphosphate noma i-nitrophoska. Umanyolo usetshenziswa kuphela enhlabathini enomswakama, emva kwalokho ukhululiwe ngokucophelela. Ekubeni i-nitrogen supplement iphela.
Njalo ngonyaka, phakathi nenkathi, ngemuva kokusilahla inhlabathi kufanele ikhululiwe, iphuze futhi ihlanganiswe kahle ne-humus. Hlunga u-Anna Spet zijwayele ukukhula kwezimpandeokumele kususwe.
Futhi, inqubo ebalulekile ekunakekeleni iplamu iy ukuchelela okuvame njalo nokusika izihlahla ezifanele.
I-pruning yokuqala yenziwa ngesikhathi sokutshala: wonke amagatsha anqunywa ku-1/3 ubude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusika izihlahla kwenziwa ngonyaka, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Okokuqala, amagatsha aqhwala amaqhwa nesifo asuswe ngokuphelele. Uma unciphisa amahlumela amasha, shiya kuphela oqine kakhulu futhi oqondile kakhulu. Awukwazi ukusika inani elikhulu lamahlumela namagatsha ngesikhathi. Ungasusa okungaphezulu kwengxenye yesine yenani eliphelele.
Lapho umuthi ufinyelela ku-2-2.5 m, bese uqala ukwakha umqhele. Amagatsha aphezulu kanye nawo onke aqoshiwe, ngokuqina okukhulu - amancane.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Kokungabonakali okuphawulekayo kungabonakala:
- isilinganiso sebusika hardiness;
- isisindo se-moniliosis ne-polystygnosis.
I-plum ehlukahlukene u-Anna Shpet ayilwisana kakhulu nezifo ezifana ne-polysigmosis ne-moniliosis.
I-Polystigmoz noma indawo ebomvu - Lesi sifo sesifo esihlasela amaqabunga eplamu ne-cherry plum. Kubonakala ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ngemuva kwezinvula ezinzima zemvula, njengamabala amancane aphuzi emaqabunga.
Lezi zihlahla zikhula ngokushesha futhi zithathe i-orange kuqala bese zibala obomvu. Uma lesi sitshalo singelashwa ngesikhathi, lesi sifo singabangela ukuwa kweqabunga lamaqabunga, okuholela ekutheni umuthi ube buthakathaka futhi kunciphise ukuqina kwawo kwamaqhwa.
Ngaphambi kokuhluma, umuthi ogulayo ungaphathwa nge-Bordeaux ingxube noma i-fungicides ekhethekile. Emva kokuvuna, ekwindla, okuhle kusiza ukuhlunga amaqabunga kanye nenhlabathi ngaphansi kwe-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Futhi qiniseka ukuthi wonke amaqabunga awile kufanele akhishwe futhi atshiswe.
I-Moniliosis, ngokungafani nendawo ebomvu, ayithinti amaqabunga kuphela, kodwa zonke izingxenye zesitshalo. Amaqabunga nezimpande ezithintekile ziba nsundu futhi zome. Amajikijolo ahlanganiswe ukukhula okuncane kwegreyimu futhi aqale ukubola.
Izinyathelo zokulwa nalesi sifo zingezindlela eziningi ezifana nokuphathwa kwe-polysigmosis, futhi zihlanganisa ukuhlanza ngesikhathi amaqabunga ukusika amagatsha nezifo kanye nokucubungula izinkuni nge-Bordeaux ingxube kanye ne-fungicides.
Izinhlobonhlobo Anna Shpet uvame ukubhekana nokulimala kwesithwathwa kanye nokuhlaselwa kwamagundane.
Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sasebusika isitshalo esincane kufanele sigqoke ngokuphelele, futhi kumuntu omdala - ukumboza ngokucophelela isiqu ngokusizwa ngendwangu ebanzi ehlanganiswe ngendwangu ye-polymer.
Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvikela umuthi hhayi nje kuphela esithandweni, kodwa futhi nokulimala yizinyosi kanye namagundane.
Naphezu kokuvela kwenani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezintsha ze-plums eziphikisana nezifo neqhwa, u-Anna Shpet ufanelekile ukutshala e-dacha.
Ngempela, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinzuzo, azikho ukungalungi okuningi.
