Siyakhathalela ama-orchid. Indlela yokukhetha ukubunjwa okulungile kwenhlabathi?

Abalimi bezimvini ababandakanya ama-orchid, bayazi ukuthi ubuhle obunjalo budinga umsebenzi omningi, ukunakekelwa kanye nokutshalwa kwemali.

Isibonelo, inhlabathi esitolo ukuze izimbali ezingavamile zihloniphekile. Noma kunjalo, ungakwazi ukupheka ngokwakho, ngaphandle kokuchitha imali. Kulokhu, i-substrate izoba ngcono futhi ama-orchid ayokujabulela ngempela.

Ukubaluleka kwenhlabathi efanele

I-substrate ekhethiwe kahle iyisiqinisekiso sempilo nokuphila isikhathi eside sobuhle obuyingqayizivele.

Kukholelwa ukuthi ama-orchid akhetha kakhulu ngenhlabathi lapho atshalwe khona. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo zendawo epiphytic zikhula ngaphandle kwenhlabathi nhlobo.

Bakhetha izihlahla ezinkulu zomuthi njengezindawo zokuhlala, futhi zithatha izakhi nomswakama emagqabeni. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha "ikhaya" elihlelekile lembali kufanele licabangele lokhu okucacile.

Ngingathanda ukungeza lokho akuvumelekile ukuba ama-orchid asebenzise umhlabathi ovamile njengenhlabathi - uzoyichitha. Ngenxa yezimpande, inhlabathi enzima iyoba uhlobo olucindezelayo, futhi ngeke lunikeze ithuba lokwenza ngokugcwele imisebenzi yabo ebalulekile.

Kungenzeka yini ukuba uzenze?

Abalimi bemifino e-Novice bathengisa i-substrate ekulungele ukwenza ama-orchid ezitolo zensimu. Futhi osebenza nabo abanolwazi, ngokuphambene nalokho, bakholelwa ukuthi ikhwalithi yenhlabathi iyosebenza uma uyilungiselela ngezandla zakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le substrate inezinzuzo ezimbalwa:

• izindleko ezincane;
• izingxenye zekhwalithi eziqinisekisiwe;
• Ukukhetha komuntu ngamunye izithako ngokusho kwezinhlobonhlobo;
• zokupheka ezilula;
• ukudweba izilinganiso ezidingekayo.

Iyiphi into engezansi yokuthenga yezitolo?

Muva nje, imakethe ye-niche substrates yama-orchid egcwele. Emashalofini asezindaweni zensimu kanye nezitolo zamathambo kwavela imikhiqizo engenisiwe kanye nabakhiqizi baseRussia. Ingxenye enkulu yale substrates yi-moss nesigqabha somuthi. Kukhona ukuxuba okubizayo ngezingxenye ezengeziwe, ezingavamile.

Noma kunjalo imikhiqizo yamamaki adumile asemthethweni ayinayo ikhwalithi efanele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukukhanga abathengi ngamaphakheji amahle, akhanyayo. Futhi ngaphakathi kuqukethe inqwaba ye-peat kanye nenhlabathi yothuli, kanye negxolo - kancane kancane. Isilinganiso esinjalo sinomphumela omubi ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwe-orchid.

Izingxenye ezifakiwe

Ukuze ukhethe ukuxuba okulungile kwe-exotics, kubalulekile ukuthi ungesabi ukuzama. Kuphela ngale ndlela, kuzocaca ukuthi ukuklanywa "ukunambitha" kwalesi sitshalo. Isimiso esiyinhloko sokukhetha okulungile kwenhlabathi - izimbali eziluhlaza.

Imingcele evamile yokukhethwa kwenhlabathi ye-orchid yangaphakathi ifana. I-substrate kufanele ibe: ukukhanya, ukuphefumula, ukuphefumula, ubungane bemvelo, ube nezakhiwo ezinhle zokugeleza kanye ne-pH 5.5-6.5.

Kudingeka

Izingxenye ezihlanganisiwe zenhlanganisela yenhlabathi yezitshalo zangaphandle ziyizi:

1. isikhwama somuthi;
2. i-sphagnum moss;
3. umlotha wokhuni;
4. izimpande ze-fern.

Yilokho okwakhiwa kwempahla yemvelo kubhekwa njengesisekelo lapho ulungiselela i-substrate yama-orchids.

Okungeziwe

Izithako ezingeziwe zengezwa izithako eziyinhloko.okungabalulekile. Phakathi kwabo kukhona:

• i-coconut fiber;
• umhlaba oqhekekileyo, omsundu;
• i-lowland peat;
• amaqabunga owomile;
• i-humus;
• izikali ze-pine izigaxa;
• ukuphawula okuhlukile;
• ukwandisa izibungu zobumba;
• i-perlite;
• i-vermiculite;
• amahlumela;
• izitini eziphukile;
• ipulasitiki ye-foam;
• igravel.

Yini ongayithola?

Okungukuthi, ungathenga izithako futhi ulungise ingxube yomhlabathi ukuze ukhululeke ngezandla zakho. Kodwa kungcono ukuthola izingxenye eziphilayo zemvelo, ngoba konke kuseduze nathi.

1. I-brick Woody. I-bark yezihlahla ze-coniferous ne-deciduous isetshenziswa. I-pin ephelele. Kungcono ukubheka le ngxenye ehlathini lephayini, emithini ewile. Kungaphansi kwamaphini angapheli ukuthi inani elincane le-resin liqukethe, ngakho-ke akuthandwayo ngama-orchids. Amagxolo kufanele ahlale esomile. Izendlalelo eziphezulu kakhulu ezifanele. Uma lezi zingcezu zitholakala zimnyama, izindawo ezishisiwe, kufanele zisuswe. I-pine bark akufanele itholakale kuphela, idinga ukupheka.
2. Izimpande zikaFern. Ungaguqa ehlobo emahlathini, ukhethe isihlahla esikhulu. Bese uhlanzekile emhlabathini, uthathe izicucu ezincane, owomile.
3. I-Sphagnum moss. Ikhula ehlathini nasemagqumeni. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuqoqa sitholakala entwasahlobo. I-Moss ine-bactericidal, izakhiwo ezithatha umswakama, inika umhlabathi ukhululekile, iqukethe izinto eziningi eziwusizo kanye nama-microelements. Ukutshala ingxenye yemvelo isetshenziselwa ifomu elomile nelomanzi.
4. Amalahle unempahla efana ne-moss, ine-sorbing ne-disinfecting impahla. Umlotha kulula ukuthola emlotha noma ushise izingodo zomuthi emlilweni.
5. Peat. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-orchid zikhetha ukuba khona emhlabathini walesi sigaba. Isetshenziselwa ukuqoqa nokugcina umswakama emhlabathini. Kubalulekile ukukhetha i-peat-free peat. Gwema okuningi akudingi.
6. Izigaxa zePine. Emahlathini e-coniferous, kulula ukuthola izigaxa ezifile, ezomile. Izikali zazo zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-substrate, zingashintsha i-pine bark.
7. I-deciduous, i-turfy umhlabathi namaqabunga. Amahlamvu nomhlaba kungabuthwa ehlathini elifanayo. Into esemqoka enhlabathini ukuthi ayikho udoti owedlula ngokwezintambo, amahlumela. Lezinto ezibonakalayo zifanelekile kulabo abamele ama-Orchids, abakwazi ukuthola izinto eziwusizo emhlabeni.

Amahlamvu omile adala i-microflora eyingqayizivele ebhodweni, ngaleyo ndlela igweme izifo ezikhona zaleso sitshalo.

Yini ongayithenga?

Ngeshwa, kodwa akuzona zonke izithako ze-substrate ezotholakala endaweni yemvelo. Izingxenye ezingavamile kufanele zithengwe esitolo.

1. Ubumba obwandisiwe. Lezi zinto zokwakha zenzele njengamanzi ahlanzekile. Ubumba obunwetshiwe buyinto yemvelo etholakala ngokudubula ubumba. Into elula, enesibindi, engabizi, engokwemvelo. Izingxenyana ze-granules zihlukile, kulokhu, zikhethwe ngokusayizi wezimpande.
2. I-Perlite, i-vermiculite, igravel - izinto zokwakheka kwemvelo ezidingekayo ukuze kutholakale amanzi futhi kukhishwe umhlaba. Kuthengiswa eminyangweni yokwakha.
3. Ipulasitiki ye-Foam. Kuthathwa njengengxenye engavumelani nayo yenhlanganisela yenhlabathi. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esizayo sekuya ngokuya kakhulu. Sebenzisa i-foam njenge-powder yokubhaka, kanye nohlobo lwamanzi. Lezi zinto ziyi-inert ye-chemistry, elula, engenayo i-toxic, inika ukuphefumula okukhulu nokuphelela.
4. Ama-chips, ama-fiber. Izingxenye zithengiswa njengezingqimba ezitolo ezikhethekile. Zizibophezelwe ngabanye futhi zingakayi-disinfected.

Ungayinqoba kanjani ukwakheka kwemvelo?

Njengoba ungabona ingxenye enkulu yezingxenye ze-substrate yama-orchid - izinto ezivela emvelweni. Kodwa-ke, uma ungakwazi ukuthola noma ukuthenga, izinto zingashintshwa ngendlela engavamile.

• I-pine bark ithathelwa indawo yesihlabathi somfula, izingcezu ezincane ze-foam noma umhlaba weshidi.
• Esikhundleni se-sphagnum moss sisebenzisa i-hydrogel, i-polystyrene, i-raber i-foam.
• Njenge-sorbent, ungasebenzisa i-carbon echotshoziwe esebenziwe, hhayi ukhuni lomlotha.
• I-Perlite, i-vermiculite, i-chips yezitini, itshe elichotshoziwe, amatshe, amatshe amakhulu, ubumba olwandisiwe yizo zonke izinto eziguquguqukayo zokugeleza. Uma engekho, faka enye.

Izinketho eziningi zenhlabathi zezitshalo

Abamele umndeni wakwa-Orchid, abakhulile endlini, bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili:

• i-epiphytic;
• umhlabathi.

Uma sikhipha isilinganiso sephesenti, ama-epiphyte angu-90: i-dendrobium, i-zygopetalum, i-phalaenopsis, i-cambria, i-lykasta, i-masdevalli, i-cattley. Ama-orchid angu-10% asele: i-cymbidium ne-papiopedilum. Nakuba zingakhula futhi njenge-epiphytes. Kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo, khetha ukubunjwa okufanele kwe-substrate..

I-epiphytes

Lezi zitshalo ezingavamile zinezimpande phezulu kwenhlanganisela yenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi oyinhloko we-substrate ukugcina isitshalo endaweni efanele, bese ubamba umswakama ngokulinganayo, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuqhuma kokudlula.

Izinhlobo ze-orchid ezinhlobonhlobo ze-epiphytic akufanele zithathe ingxube yenhlabathi ne-peat.

Okukhethwa kukho kwe-Orchid:

1. Izingxenye ezimbili ze-moss, izingxenye ezimbili zezinkuni, izingxenye ezinhlanu ze-pine bark, izingxenye ezingu-½ zamasimu omile.
2. Enye ingxenye ye-peat, umsila, umlotha kanye nezingxenye ezintathu zamagxolo, izinto ezibonakalayo.
3. Sithatha izingxenye ezilinganayo: i-sphagnum moss, i-pine bark, amalahle, izimpande ze-fern.
4. Uhlaka olulodwa lwamapulangwe kanye nezicucu ezinhlanu zama-pine noma ama-flakes.

Ngomhlabathi

Izinhlobo ze-orchid ezisezingeni eliphansi, zifuna ukudla okunomsoco. I-deciduous, i-turfy ground, i-peat ayizona izithako ezingenasici ze-substrate. Ukwakhiwa:

1. Izingxenye ezilinganayo, i-sphagnum moss, i-pine bark, i-peat, amalahle, kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwezibungu zobumba kuhlanganisiwe.
2. Izingxenye ezimbili zezimpande ze-fern, i-humus kanye nomhlabathi ohlaza, ingxenye eyodwa ye-peat, ingxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi somfula.
3. Izingxenye ezintathu zomhlaba omile kanye nengxenye eyodwa: i-peat, i-moss, i-pine bark.
4. Enye ingxenye yamaqabunga omile, izingxenye ezintathu zomhlabathi omile, izingxenye ezimbili zezimpande ezomile, ingxenye eyodwa ye-sphagnum moss nesihlabathi.

Indlela yokupheka izithako, imithetho eyisisekelo

Ukuze ugcine isikhathi nemali, abanikazi be-orchid abathintekayo abafake izithako ezidingekayo ze-substrate yekusasa.

• Izinkuni zokhuni Kungcono ukukhetha ubukhulu obukhulu, bese ugawula ngezicucu ze-3-4 cm. Gcina ikakhulukazi emasakeni epulasitiki, ngaphandle kokufinyelela emoyeni. Umlotha we-Powder usetshenziswa njenge-antiseptic yezigaba ezintsha zesitshalo.
• Ingxenye sphagnum moss izinto ezibonakalayo ezinomswakama. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuqoqa udinga ukugeza nokumelela emthunzini okhethekile. I-moss eyomile ifakwe emasakeni futhi igcinwe endaweni emnyama.

• I-Pine Bark Kuthathwa kuphela efomini elomile, lingenayo imidwebo ebonakalayo ye-beetle yamagxolo, kodwa futhi kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani kangcono. Udinga ukukhetha izingcezu ezingu-1-2 cm ezinzima, amagxolo amakhulu kakhulu kunzima ukusika. Ukushiswa kwe-disinfection kwaletha izinto zemvelo kufanele zishiswe kuhhavini elivulwe kancane ngaphandle kwemizuzu engama-5.

  Phakathi kwabaflorisi, i-pine bark iyaziwa, okuyizinhlayiyana ezincane futhi inesikhathi eside sokubola kunapine.

• Ngaphansi komhlaba ingxenye ye-fern ukumba emhlabathini entwasahlobo noma ekwindla ngasekupheleni ukuthi lesi sitshalo sasingenawo amaqabunga. Izimpande zinqunywa zibe izingcezu ezincane bese zigcinwe kwiphakethe elivalwe.

Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingxenye eziqoqiwe ehlathini kufanele zitholwe ukwelashwa okushisa. Ama-pine cones, amalahle namanzi abilayo, ngaleyo ndlela ukwandisa izinga lokumamanzi kwamanzi.

Indlela yokwenza i-substrate wena ekhaya: imiyalo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Incazelo eningiliziwe yenqubo izoqeda ukungalungi okungenzeka okungalungile kwinqubo yokulungiselela i-substrate. Kumelwe ulandele ukulandelana kwezenzo.

1. Khetha okunye kokukhethwa kwe-substrate, ucabange ngezinhlobo ze-orchid.
2. Lungiselela zonke izithako ezihlanganisiwe ngaphambili.
3. Ubukhulu besigaba sembali ngokufanele kuthinta ubukhulu bomsuka wempande, ubukhulu bebhodini.
4. Eline-spatula engadini, isitsha sokuxuba izithako zemvelo, umthamo wokulinganisa, ibhodlela lembali.
5. Ukulinganisa izilinganiso ezidingekayo zezingxenye zomuntu ngamunye bese uthele ngaphakathi kwesikhumba. Hlanganisa inhlabathi nge-spatula.
6. Ezingqimbeni zezakhiwo zepulasitiki ezibonakalayo. Isendlalelo se-drainage esingama-3 cm ubukhulu sibeke phansi. Emva kokungqimba kwenhlabathi, ukukhipha amanzi kanye ne-substrate esele phezulu.

Uma umswakama ungahlali isikhathi eside, ngokulandelana, inhlabathi imanzi okwesikhathi eside, kusho ukuthi ama-orchids awakhululekile lapho. Kufanele ufake i-pine bark nomlotha. Futhi uma isimo esingaphambene naso, lapho amanzi engahlali ebhodweni, engeza ama-moss kanye nezimpande ze-fern.

Ungakhohlwa ukuqhubeka unaka i-substrate lapho ihlumela elihle elihle khona. Ngenxa yokuthi izinto eziphilayo zikwazi ukubola, izici ezibalulekile zilahlekile. Kulokhu, i-orchid kumele ifakwe ngokushesha, ngoba isimo sesitshalo ngokuqondile sincike emgangathweni wenhlabathi.