AbeZizwe (Gentilena) - izitshalo eziningi kakhulu, ezishaya umbala wezimbali zazo ezinkulu. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-gentian zingamangala ngisho nabalimi abanolwazi. I-Gentian iyiqembu lezitshalo zonyaka futhi ezimilayo ezivela emndenini wama-gentian. Izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-400 zalesi sitshalo ziyaziwa emhlabeni jikelele. Indawo yezinhlobo eziningi ze-Asia. AbeZizwe bavamile kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica ne-Afrika. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-90 ezisetshenziselwa isiko. Kulesi sihloko uzofunda ngakho izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu ze-gentian kanye nabo incazelo eningiliziwe.
Izinhlobo zonyaka gentian
Izinhlobo zonyaka zohlobo lwama-gentian ziyizitshalo ezimangalisayo. Abameleli abakhulu kunazo zonke ziyi-gentian bearded ne-gentian evuliwe. Noma kunjalo, i-gentian yonyaka owodwa ekwakheni izingadi ayivamile.
I-bearded
I-Bearded Gentian iyisitshalo saminyaka yonke esiyi-herbaceous. Izitshalo zimile, ubude buka-6-60 cm, ezinezimpande ezincane ezithandekayo ezifana nendvuvu. Izimbali ezinkulu "bluebells" blue-violet. I-plant blooms ngoJulayi-Agasti. Ikhula emadlelweni, emaphethelweni ehlathi, emanzini.
Izingxenye zomhlaba zesitshalo (amaqabunga nezimbali) zisetshenziselwa imithi yendabuko yaseTibet. Ukuphulukisa ama-herbs asetshenziselwa ukuvuvukala kwesibindi, isilwane, ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-biliary, izinkinga ze-pneumonia, ukwehluleka okukhulu kwezinyosi, izifo zesifo samathumbu, kanye nezifo ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo.
Izimbali ze-bearded gentian zingenye yezingxenye ezisemqoka zesidakamizwa esiyinkimbinkimbi, esetshenziselwa ukukhwehlela owomile, ukuqina kwesifo sofuba, izifo zesimiso sezinzwa, i-tachycardia, i-pneumonia, izifo ze-rheumatic, igciwane. Ukusebenza kwe-decoction noma ukukhipha okumile kwe-gentian ye-bearded ekuhlulekeni kwesibindi esibucayi kuye kwaqinisekiswa ngokuhlola.
Ilayishwe
I-gentian evulekile ikhula kuze kufike ku-15 cm, ine-rosette yama-basal yamaqabunga, kanye neyodwa noma amabili amaqabunga amaqabunga e-stem. Lezi zitshalo zonyaka zikhula kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuSepthemba, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izimbali ezihlahleni ziqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kukaNovemba. Imbewu ihluma entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Imbewu nayo ikwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside iminyaka eminingana. I-gentian evuliwe iyanda ezindaweni zasemaphandleni ezisenyakatho nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeYurophu. Ezimweni zezulu zezinye izifunda, lolu hlobo lwe-gentian lungozini futhi luyinto engavamile. I-Gentian splayed - enye yezinhlobo eziphambili ekuhlaleni "Uhlelo Lokusebenza lokulondoloza ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo e-UK".
Izinhlobo ezingapheli ze-gentian
Izinhlobo ezingapheli ze-gentian - enye yezilimo zokuqala zezimbali zasehlobo. Iqinile kakhulu futhi ebusika ngokuphelele-eqinile, ngakho-ke iyadingeka kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwensimu. Abameli abathandwayo kakhulu bezimbali ezimilayo ziyizinhlanzi zentwasahlobo, i-Dahurian, iphuzi, i-Chinese ehlotshisiwe, i-Koch, i-klyus, i-large-leaved, i-large-flowered, i-lush, i-ternifolia, i-three-flowered, i-narrow-laaved, ilukhuni nabanye.
I-gentian engapheli inomlando omude wokusetshenziswa kwemithi yombili yase-Asia nase-Western. Emazweni aseNtshonalanga, i-yellow gentian iyinani lemithi yokwelapha, kanti i-koha, entwasahlobo, nezinye isetshenziselwa ukulima. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kwezokwelapha zendabuko e-Asia (China), ezinye izinhlobo ze-gentian ezingapheli ziyathandwa: zikhululekile futhi zilukhuni.
Spring
Iziqu ze-spring gentian yizona ezincane kunabo bonke phakathi kwezinhlobo: ubude buyizingqimba ezimbalwa kuphela. I-pedicle ayikhuli ngaphezu kuka-3 cm. Kodwa-ke, lesi sitshalo sikhombisa ukuntuleka kwezimbali ezinhle futhi ezikhanyayo zombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uma kwenzeka entwasahlobo ye-spring gentian, isikhathi lapho i-blooms yezitshalo kwenzeka khona ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nokuqala kwehlobo (ngoMeyi-Juni).
I-spring gentian ejwayelekile eYurophu Ephakathi. Indawo engokwemvelo yile-limestone, ikhula emahlathini alpine enelanga, okulungele indawo ye-alpine. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungazama ukushaya lesi sitshalo engadini yakho noma egcekeni. Inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala kufanele ibe yomanzi, idonswe kahle futhi ihlotshwe ngama-humus. I-spring spring gentian mhlawumbe emthunzini oyingxenye, kodwa ingaba nelanga eligcwele. Ezindaweni lapho ihlobo lishisa futhi limile, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuvikelwa elangeni.
Uyazi? Emakhulwini eminyaka, i-gentian ibhekwa njengesitshalo semilingo esivamile. Ngokomlando wasendulo, uma umuntu eletha intwasahlobo endlini yakhe, ubungozi bokushaywa ngombani.
I-Daurskaya
Ukuphakama kwesiqu se-Dahurian gentian kunama-15 -30 cm.Izimbali ezibomvu ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka zivuliwe ngo-Agasti. Ukuhlala kwalokhu okuhlala isikhathi eside: izintanjane eziluhlaza, ama-verges, izindawo ezinesihlabathi kanye namahlathi asomile. Indawo yemvelo: E-East Asia (Mongolia, China). Njengoba zikhula, iziqu ziwela emhlabathini, zakha insimu ebanzi eluhlaza obuluhlaza. Uma ukhulile phakathi kwezinye izitshalo, i-Dahuri gentian ikhula kakhulu. Ezindaweni ezibandayo, lokhu kupheka kuyisifiso sokukhula elangeni - isitshalo siyozizwa singcono kunomthunzi okhethekile.
Kubalulekile! Daur gentian iqinile futhi inzima kakhulu ebusika. Ngakho-ke, eUma utshala i-gentian okokuqala, khetha ukukhetha lezi zinhlobo.
Okuphuzi
I-gentian ephuzi yindlala enkulu, ehlala njalo, ehlala njalo. Lesi sitshalo siphinde sabizwa ngokuthi umuthi omkhulu we-gentian noma we-gentian. Isikhathi sokuphila singasondela eminyakeni engu-50, kodwa ukuqala kokubilisa kuzodingeka kulinde eminyakeni eyishumi. RUsayizi we-gentian ophuzi ufinyelela ku-1.50 m.
Amaqabunga ahlehliwe bese ehlunga isitshalo sesitshalo. Izimbali ezinkulu eziphuzi zihlangene phansi emaqabunga. Isikhathi sokumbali: Juni-Agasti. Izimpande zeZizwe ezivuna kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba. Njengamanje, lesi sitshalo siphila ezintabeni ezihlukahlukene zaseYurophu: iNingizimu Yurophu, i-Alps. Utshani lungatholakala endaweni ephakeme yamamitha angu-2500 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Kubalulekile! Ngenkathi yokuvuna, i-gentian ephuzi kumele iqaphele kakhulu: le ncelisi yokwelapha ingadideka i-hellebore emhlophe - isitshalo esinobuthi kakhulu. Ungabahlukanisa ngesakhiwo samaqabunga: Amaqabunga e-gentian akhula ngamabili ngaphansi kwesitembu, futhi Amaqabunga e-hellebore ahlala ekhula kathathu futhi angalingani.
Lesi sitshalo somuthi ngokuvamile sisetshenziselwa ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene kokugaya. I-gentian ephuzi ivuselela ukudla, ilwa isifo sohudo, isetshenziswe njengesifo se-antiseptic, futhi ibuye i-tonic jikelele (ikhulula ukukhathala). Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwa itiye le-herbal. Ama-Rhizomes kanye nezimpande zisetshenziselwa imithi ye-herbal.
Isi-Chinese sihlotshisiwe
Le imifino ehlala isikhathi eside isakazeke eChina, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga. Ukuvuna kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuwa. Izimbali gentian tan umbala. Izimpande ziyingozi. Usotshani lunomunwe ophefumulayo kanye nokunambitheka okubabayo.
I-gentian ye-Chinese ehlotshisiwe ikhonjiswe ukusetshenziswa kwezifo ezilandelayo: ngezilonda zomlomo, ngesifo somzimba, izifo zesikhumba, isifo seVangeli (i-jaundice), izifo zesibindi nesibindi senyongo, ezinesihlungu sekhanda nesizungu, kanye ne-anti-depressant. I-gentian yamaShayina emithi yomuthi ngokuvamile isetshenziswe ngesimo se-decoction noma i-tincture. Umhluzi uthathwa ngomlomo noma ngaphandle.
I-Koch
I-Koch (i-stemless gentian) ingenye uhlobo lwe-gentian engapheliyo. Ukuzikhethela kwalolu hlobo ukuthi lesi sitshalo asinaso isiqu futhi siseduze kakhulu nomhlabathi. Lesi sitshalo siphansi (kuphela 5-10 cm ukuphakama). Amaqabunga abuthana ndawonye e-rosette. Umkhawulo weshidi ubushelelezi. Izimbali ezilodwa zine-blue bint-blue tint. I-Koch flower inomkhuba wokuvala imvula.
Lesi sitshalo sivamile ezintabeni zaseYurophu (e-Alps). Isikhathi sokuqhakaza sisuka ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti (kuye ngokuthi indawo). Lolu hlobo lwe-gentian luhlukaniswa njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa. Isakazwa yizimbewu kanye nemifino. I-Photophilous
Klusi
I-Gentian Klushi - isitshalo esingapheli ngezimbali ezinkulu kanye ne-pedicle emfushane, ngaphandle ngokufana kakhulu ne-koha gentian. Ubukhulu buyi-8-10 cm. Isakazwe eYurophu (ezintabeni zasePyrenees, e-Alps, e-Apennines naseCarpathians). Izindawo ezithandwayo ziyi-limestone kanye namadwala. Imbewu ingahlwanyelwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kodwa kungcono ukwenza lokhu ebusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuze uzuze esikhathini esibandayo. Izinzuzo umquba omanzi. Ngakho-ke, sincoma ukumboza imbewu ngendwangu encane yomhlabathi.
Uyazi? U-Gentian Klussi ubizwa ngokuthi uCarl Clusius (uCharles de Lecluise) - oyedwa wezitshalo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zaseYurophu zekhulu le-XVI.
Iqabunga elikhulu
I-Gentian-laaved -avedan isithombo esilula, esikhangayo esihlala ezindaweni ezikude naseningizimu yeYurophu. Lokhu kuphelile kune-stem elilodwa eliphezulu, kanye namaqabunga amade namakhulu. Umbala weLeaf unobluhlaza obuluhlaza. Lesi sitshalo sikhula sibe ngu-140 cm.
Ekuqaleni kwekwindla, impande ye-gentian enkulu evulekile iguguwe futhi isomisiwe. Izitshalo zomsuka zinemiphumela yokulwa ne-antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. Ngezinhloso zezokwelapha i-gentian enkulu-evuliwe esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinkinga zokugaya ukudla ezifana ukulahlekelwa yilakudla nokulala (ukubhubhisa). Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitshalo sisetshenziswa njenge i-tonic jikelele kanye ne-agent eqinile.
Ikhulu-iphethwe
Izikhulu ezinkulu zeZizwe - imifino enhle kakhulu. Izimbali zalezi zinhlobo zikhulu kakhulu kunezitshalo ngokwazo. Ukuphakama okungapheli - 4-5 cm.Izitshalo zodwa. I-calyx ihlotshiwe, iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Impande iyinyama, ihlanganiswe, iveza iziqu eziningi. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza sise-Juni-Agasti. I-gentian enkulu isakazeke e-Central Asia. Lesi sitshalo singatholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu zezintaba kanye nama-placers stony. Emithi yeTibetan isetshenziselwa izifo ezithathelwanayo nezicathulo, kanye ne-tonic.
Lush
I-Gentian fluffy - enye yezinhlobo ezincane kakhulu zomndeni wakwa-gentian; ukuphakama kwezitshalo akulona amamentimitha ayisikhombisa. Amahlamvu amancane futhi ane-awl. Izimbali zenziwe zodwa, ezinkulu, ezibomvu, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezimhlophe phansi. Lezi zinhlobo zingase zihlukaniswe nokukhanya kwayo phakathi kwembali enemihlobiso. Ivela emahlathini alpine endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-3200-4500 ngaphezulu kwezinga lolwandle. Kwasakazeka e-China (iPhondo lesifunda sase-Yunnan, eLijiang City). Ama-blooms ama-gentian amahle kakhulu kusukela ngo-June kuya ku-Septhemba.
Ternifolia
I-Ternifolia - i-herbaceous zisetshenziswa, ezihlukahlukene ezihambisanayo nezimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuphakama okungapheli 4-10 cm. Izitshalo zikhuphuka, zilula. I-rosette enkulu yamaqabunga ayakhiwe kahle; amaqabunga amaqabunga ama-triangular, acute. Umbala ohlaza obala ohlaza. Izimbali zodwa, issile. I-corolla iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nemicu emnyama eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okwenziwe nge-bell-bell, okwenziwe nge-funnel, okuyi-4-6 cm ukuphakama.
Isikhathi sokubhakabhaka sisekwindla. Lesi sitshalo sivela ezindaweni ezinamatshe ase-Asia. Kusatshalaliswa kabanzi eChina. Ukutshala imbewu yalesi gentian Kunconywa ilanga eligcwele enhlabathini enomsoco ngobuningi bamanzi.
Izintathu-zinyuka
I-gentian enezintathu ezinamanzi iyitshalo elide, elimbali, elimilayo. Ukuphakama kwalolu hlobo kungafinyelela ku-120 cm. Indawo yokuhlala yindawo enotshani, ikakhulukazi emgwaqeni. Isikhathi eside esasakazwa emahlathini ase-Asia (eChina, eMongolia, eKorea, eJapane). Izitshalo eziqhakaza kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya kuSeptemba. Esikhathini sokulima, i-gentian enezintathu ezintathu idinga inhlabathi enomswakama, enothile kahle. Ukukhanya kufanele kube okukhulu kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka, izinga lokushisa aliphakeme kakhulu, umswakama obumnyameni awuncane.
I-gentian enezintathu ezintathu inamakhemikhali e-antibacterial. Izimpande zesitshalo ziqukethe izidakamizwa ezibabayo, eziyi-tonic enhle kakhulu ohlelweni lokugaya. Umsuka usetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-jaundice, i-eczema, i-conjunctivitis, isisu somlomo. Izimpande zabeZizwe zivuna ekwindla futhi zomiswe ukuze zisetshenziswe kamuva. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lesi sitshalo ngenhloso yokwelapha, kufanele uthintane nochwepheshe.
Ivuliwe ngokugqamile
I-gentian ehlanjulwe ngokugqamile iyinhlobo ehlukahlukene esheshayo ye-gentian. Uzizwa enhle emhlabathini ovamile wensimu. Ukuze ujabule izivakashi eziya ensimini, lesi sitshalo siqhakaza "ngamabellane" amnandi kakhulu ombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza: May, ngoJuni. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo - 8-10 cm. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lolu hlobo lwama-gentian luyakha amabala amakhulu aluhlaza. Khulisa i-gentian encane evulekile kufanele ibe ilanga eligcwele noma emthunzini okhethekile. Inhlabathi lapho kukhula khona isikhathi eside kufanele sibe yinto enamandla.
Okubi
Isizwe esinzima, futhi wabizwa ngokuthi isiGeorgia noma isiJapane, yizinye izinhlobo ezimila zomndeni wama-gentian. Lesi sitshalo sivamile emazweni amaningi ase-United States naseNyakatho Asia (eJapane). Ukuqhuma kwemifino gentian iwela phakathi kwehlobo. Lesi sitshalo sinamathela kancane noma angaphansi, 30 cm ukuphakama. Amaqabunga anama-oval anemiphetho egcwele. Iqabunga ngalinye lamaqabunga lihlanganisa isiqu esisekelweni. I-calyx tubular, ihlangene. Izimbali ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ziluhlaza obomvu Isimpande esibabayo se-gentian esinamandla sisetshenziselwa imithi yokwelapha yaseJapane njenge-toniki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baphathwa ngezifo eziningi ezihambisana nesibindi.
I-gentian yezimbali - esinye sezimila eziqinile kakhulu ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izimbali. Njengoba usukhule izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-gentian, ungabutha iqoqo elimangalisayo elizoqhakaza kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla engadini yakho.
