Imithi yabantu

Imikhiqizo yemilingo yamakhowe amhlophe

I-Ceps mhlawumbe iyisisulu esithandekayo kakhulu sabathengi abaningi be-mushroom. Kungabizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi inkosi yama-mushroom, ngoba ibonakaliswa nje ngokubukeka kwayo okukhangayo, kodwa futhi ngezimfanelo zayo eziphakeme kakhulu, okwenza kube isithako esihle sezitsha eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-fungus emhlophe ibonakala ngezindawo eziningi eziwusizo, okuzoxoxwa ngezansi.

Ama-boletus noma ama-mushroom e-porcini, incazelo

Amakhowe amhlophe kungokwezihlobo ezidliwayo zamakhowe ezihlobo lweBorovik. Imingcele yayo yangaphandle ithonywe kakhulu yizimo ezikhulayo, kodwa ngisho nasesimweni esibi kunazo zonke, ihlale ihle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngokumelene nesinye sezihlobo zayo. Le amakhowa ashubile anomlenze omhlophe omhlophe, ongafinyelela ku-10 cm ububanzi futhi uvame ukukhula kufika ku-12-25 cm ukuphakama.

Ubuso be-base (imilenze) buhlanganiswe ngokuphelele ngendwangu eboshiwe yomthunzi okhanyayo, kuyilapho i-convex cap (ububanzi bayo ngokuvamile u-30 cm) kuqala ebonakala ngombala ophuzi ophuzi, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iba isikhulu somnsundu. Ingxenye engenhla ye-cap ishelele, futhi ophansi uzizwa njengeponji enezinhlamvu ezincane.

Inyama yefungus elimhlophe likhulu ngokwanele, futhi uma ligawulwe noma liphukile, ingxenye yangaphakathi ye-fracture izohlala imhlophe. I-mushroom ephukile iyoba ne-mushroom emnandi.

Kubalulekile! I-boletus ine-"twin brother" engathandeki, okuthiwa i-gall mushroom. Ukufana kwabo okuchazayo kuchazwa isimo sengqondo komkhaya owodwa weBototovs. I-Gall fungus cishe ayibangele uketshezi olunzulu, kodwa ukunambitheka kwezitsha eziphekiwe kuyoba nakanjani kuphazamiseke, njengoba kunzima kakhulu.
Uma uqoqa amakhowe amhlophe, kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuhlukanisa omdala kusuka kukhophi encane. Okokuqala, kufanele uqaphele ama-caps nemilenze yamakhowe atholakele. Ku-boletus encane, umlenze uzovuvukala phansi, ngenkathi kudala ubude futhi buyi-circular, ngenxenye ehlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ebomvu.

Ngokuqondene nekhanda, kumakhowe amancane ingxenye engezansi kufanele ibe mhlophe ngombala, futhi kumakhowe amadala kufanele abe ophuzi-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Noma kunjalo, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi umthunzi wemilenze, njengombala we-cap of mushrooms, ikakhulukazi kuncike endaweni yokukhula kwawo.

Isibonelo, emahlathini ase-spruce, ikhanda le-fungus elimhlophe ekuqaleni li-pinkish, kodwa lapho likhula liba bomvu obomvu, okungafanele lishiwo enchazweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukutshala kwe-birch kwenza isikhwama sibonakale sibomvu, futhi ama-oak groves anika umbala obomvu obomvu, ngokuvamile nge touch. Ngendlela, ama-boletus akhulile phakathi kwama-oki, ngokufanele acatshangwa ukuthi ayiphunga elimnandi kakhulu futhi elihlwabusayo.

Kuphi amakhowe amhlophe akhula nalapho angabakhetha khona

Abaqoqi be-mushroom abanokuhlangenwe nakho bazi kahle ukuthi bangabheka kuphi, kodwa uma usanda kuleli bhizinisi, okokuqala, kufanele uqonde ukuthi amakhowe ase-boletus ahlala emindeni ehlathini. Okusho ukuthi, ngokushesha nje lapho uthola omele lezi zinhlobo, qala ukufuna izihlobo zakhe eduze kwakhe.

Phakathi kwezinye izici ze-fungus elimhlophe, umuntu akanakuhluleka ukunaka ukungathandi kwakhe ngemifula emnyama. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi borovikov zifihla utshani emaphethelweni ehlathini, emaphethelweni noma phakathi kwamahlumela amancane emithi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlunga ukuthi yikuphi ihlathi elingakhula amakhowe amhlophe, kufanele uqaphele abantu abadala noma ngisho namahlathi amadala eningi lama-moss ne-lichen, nakuba lawa amakhowezizwa ekhululekile emhlabathini onesihlabathi, onesihlabathi osolwandle osolwandle.

Uyazi? I-Borovik yande kuwo wonke amazwekazi, futhi indawo kuphela lapho ingahlalwanga yindawo ye-Australia.

Ngaphezu kokunquma indawo eseduze nendawo yamakhowe ahlongozwayo, kufanelekile ukwazi uma umkhuhlane omhlophe ukhula, ngoba ezinyangeni ezithile akusizi ngalutho ukuwufuna. Ngakho-ke, cishe yonke i-boroviki ivela emahlathini ekuqaleni kuka-Julayi futhi ingenzeka kuze kube phakathi kwekwindla.

Esikhathini sekwindla, lapho ubusuku bokuqala obusika bubonakala khona, ngaphansi kwemifula yelanga elangeni umuntu angathola "amakhowe amhlophe" amhlophe agcwele ama-ice floes amaningi. Uma i-fungus isesimweni esinjalo isikhathi esifushane, khona-ke kufaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa, nakuba izibonelo ezibolile zivame ukutholakala (ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamanzi aphakeme nokuphefumula okuphindaphindiwe, ngokushesha ziwohloka).

Kubalulekile ukwazi, nokuthi kungakanani umkhuhlane omhlophe okhula, njengoba abamele abancane banamakhemikhali aphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sehlobo i-boletus ifinyelela ekukhuleni ezinsukwini ezingu-5-9, kanti ngo-Okthoba lesi sikhathi sizokwanda sibe ngu-9-15.

Ukwakhiwa kwamakhowe amhlophe: ikhalori, inani lomsoco, amavithamini namaminerali

Mhlawumbe wazi lapho i-fungus emhlophe ikhula khona, kodwa akubona bonke abaqoqi be-mushroom abanolwazi mayelana nezinto ezizuzayo ezakhayo. Empeleni, i-boletus - nje indlu yokugcina yamavithamini namaminerali awusizo.

I-pulp eyomile iqukethe amaprotheni angu-45%, ama-50% ama-carbohydrate namafutha angu-3.4%. Ukwengeza, i-100 g yalezi amakhowe yayiyi-89.4 g yamanzi, i-2.3 g ye-fiber yokudla, i-0.9% yomlotha.

Phakathi kokuwusizo amavithamini (futhi ngamaphesenti angu-100) kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa i-B1 (0.04 mg), i-B2 (0.3 mg), i-B3 (noma i-PP-5 mg), i-C (30 mg), i-E (0.63 mg). Iqembu lama-macronutrients kuleli cala liqukethe i-potassium (470 mg), i-magnesium (15 mg), i-phosphorus (90 mg), i-sodium (6 mg) ne-calcium (25 mg).

Tlola izakhi emelelwa yinsimbi (5.2 mg), ama-manganese (0.23 mg), i-zinc (0.33 mg), i-fluorine (60 μg) ne-cobalt (6 μg). Futhi kule ndawo yokuhlala ehlathini kukhona i-polysaccharides, isulfure, i-lecithin ester kanye ne-β-glucan eningi.

Ingqikithi, i-100 g yamakhowe amhlophe, isilinganiso sama-khalori angu-30, futhi anezinto eziningi eziwusizo.

Izakhiwo eziwusizo zamakhowe amhlophe

Akumangazi ukuthi inqwaba yamavithamini nama-macronutrients anenzuzo yenza i-mushroom emhlophe isivakashi esamukelekile ebhasikisini lanoma yikuphi ukukhipha ama-mushroom, ikakhulukazi ngokucabangela ukuthi izihlobo zakhe ezingenakuqhathaniswa (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zimhlophe noma zihlukile embala) zingaziqhayisa.

Uma sicabangela i-fungus emhlophe kusukela ekubukeni kwezakhiwo zayo ezizuzisayo, okokuqala, kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngokugqugquzelwa kwezinqubo zokugaya umzimba kanye nomqondo wokugcwalisa okunikezwayo. Ngenxa yemali eminingi yamaprotheni, lo mkhiqizo uvame ukulingana nokudla, okufana ne-mushroom, okugayiwe isikhathi eside.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibabule kanye ne-polysaccharides eziyingxenye ye-borovikov zifanelwe kahle nendima yabasizi ekulwa nomdlavuza. Akuyona neze imfihlo ukuthi ama-ceps aphulukisa ukulimala, umphumela wokulwa ne-infect and tonic.

I-Lecithin ether, ekhona ku-boronik ngayinye, ivimbela ukuchithwa kwe-cholesterol ezitsheni, okwenza kube usizo kakhulu ekuphefumuleni kwegazi kanye ne-atherosclerosis. I-Ergothionein ikhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwamaseli, okwenza amakhowe amaningi (ikakhulukazi, amafungamu amhlophe) awusizo kakhulu ezinso, isibindi, amehlo nomnkantsha womuntu.

Ungakhohlwa ngezinto ezizuzisayo ze-β-glucan - i-carbohydrate, eyenziwa njenge-antioxidant eqinile, enethonya elinamandla kumzimba wokuzivikela omzimba. Ivikela kahle umzimba womuntu kusuka kuma-virus, ama-carcinogens, amabhaktheriya nesifungum.

Ngokuphathelene namavithamini ayongeza ukwakheka kwe-borovik, isibonelo, i-B2 ihileleke ngokuqondile ekusebenzeni kabusha kwe-redox futhi inomthelela ekuboneni umbala okungcono nge-analyzer ebonakalayo. Isamba esinganele emzimbeni sibangela ukwephulwa kombuso wesikhumba, izibilini ezinomuncu, kanye nombono okhanyayo nobumnyama.

I-Vitamin C ihileleke ngokuqondile ekusebenzeni kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba iphinde ithuthukise ukungena kwensimbi. Ukuntuleka kwalesi sakhi kubangelwa ukugcoba nokugaya kwezinsini, futhi kungabangela ukuphuma kwamanzi (ngenxa yokunyuka kwe-capmeries).

Kubalulekile! Nakuba amakhowe amhlophe angumthombo omuhle wamaprotheni, i-chitin ekhona emakhowe amasha kakhulu anciphisa inqubo yabo yokuhlanganiswa. Yingakho kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise amakhowe angaphambi kokumiswa, ngoba kulokhu, ukumuncwa kwamaprotheni kufinyelela ku-80%.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhowe amhlophe okwelashwa

Ukushiwo ngamakhowe amhlophe kanye nencazelo yabo emfushane kungatholakala ezincwadini zeminyaka edlule. Ngakho-ke, eRussia, ngekhulu le-17, i-boletus inyama yayisetshenziswa njengendlela yokwelapha yangaphandle ye-frostbite, futhi eJalimane kwakusebenza kahle ekunakekeleni umdlavuza wesikhumba.

Namuhla, hhayi odokotela kuphela, kodwa futhi nabathandi abavamile "bokuzingela amakhowe" banomqondo wokuphulukiswa kwezifungulu ezimhlophe, okuphakathi kwazo okuyizinto eziphikisana nokuvuvukala nokulwa ne-anti-sclerotic, umphumela we-antimicrobial, izakhi zokulwa nezicubu kanye nokukhululeka kobuhlungu obuningi.

I-Boroviki isetshenziselwa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-ischemic isifo senhliziyo, izifo ze-vascular (thrombosis ne-thrombophlebitis), kanye nokwandisa amandla omzimba omzimba kanye nezwi elijwayelekile lomzimba ngemuva kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ezandulele, ukushisa noma ukulimala. Futhi, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhowe amhlophe kuboniswa ukuvimbela umdlavuza kanye nokuvimbela ukuthi kungenzeka ukubuyela emuva ngemuva kokwelashwa okukhulu.

Namuhla, kuningi nje lokupheka kwezidakamizwa, isithako esiyinhloko samakhowe, eyaziwa njengamhlophe. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-broth, lotions noma okumele udliwe, ngemuva kokuba ulungise izitsha okumnandi, nakuba kungcono ukupheka izitshalo ezivela ku-boletus.

Kubalulekile! Ngesikhathi ukwelashwa kokushisa, izinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo ezise-pulp ziqala ukwehla, okusho ukuthi uzokwazi ukulondoloza izindawo zokuphulukisa zomkhiqizo kuphela ngokunciphisa isikhathi sokucima noma ukubilisa.
Nazi ezinye izibonelo zokupheka ezidume kakhulu usebenzisa ama-boletus.

Okokuqala, i-fungus emhlophe kufanele ithathwe njengomsizi omuhle wenhliziyo, njengoba iqukethe i-alkaloid Hercynine, esetshenziswe ku-angina pectoris, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo nokuphefumula kwe-atrial.

Ukuze uthole ithuluzi lokuphulukisa, ungakwazi ukupheka okulandelayo ukumnika: 2 tbsp. izinkezo zamakhowe omisiwe kufanele zithelwe ngilazi ye-vodka futhi ziqhubekele endaweni emnyama isonto elilodwa. Ukwakhiwa okukhiphayo kuthatha ithisipuni 1 izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngosuku kuze kutholakale.

Ukuze usebenzise kalula, unganciphisa ukumnika okwelapha ngamanzi, kodwa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa. Ithuluzi elifanayo lihle kakhulu ekwelapheni ubuhlungu obuhlangene. Udinga kuphela ukwenza i-compress bese uyifaka nge-cloth efudumele.

Ngenye indlela imihlobiso i-mushroom pulp eqoshiwe ifakwa emgodini weglasi, ithululelwe nge-vodka iphinde igcinwe endaweni emnyama isikhathi seviki ezimbili.

Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukumnika kuhlungwa futhi kugxiliwe, kuthatha isigamu se-tonic ngehora ngaphambi kokudla kabili ngosuku (isipuni se-tincture kungcono ukuhlanjululwa emgqonyeni wamanzi abilayo). Inkambo yokwelapha kuleli cala yizinsuku ezingu-10, kodwa uma kunesidingo, ungayiphinde emva kwekhefu lokuphumula.

Ngenkathi ukwelashwa kwezifo ezingokwemvelo, ukukhushulwa okukhonjisiwe kuthathwa ithisipuni imizuzu engu-15 ngaphambi kwesidlo sasemini kanye nepuni isipuni engxenyeni yehora ngaphambi kwesidlo sakusihlwa. Ubude besikhathi sokwelashwa yinyanga eyi-1, futhi, njengokwesikhashana esidlule, kungabuyekezwa emva kokuphumula kwesonto.

Uma ukwelapha i-angina pectoris, kunconywa ukuba udle isipuni esisodwa se-pulp eluhlaza obomvu we-fungus emhlophe imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokudla kathathu ngosuku, uqhubeke nenkambo yamaviki amabili.

Kunezinye izindlela zokupheka eziyingqayizivele nge-boletus. Isibonelo ukuqinisa nokubuyisela izinwele Amakhowe omisiwe (1 ithispuni) adluliselwa nge-grinder yenyama kanye namanye amafutha yemifino (okungcono kunomnqumo noma i-burdock) eyenezelwa kuwo, emva kwalokho i-gruel ephumela ekusetshenzisweni kwezinwele futhi ixubaniswe ngokucophelela ezimpandeni.

Ngemva kwemizuzu engu-15, ungakwazi ukugeza ukubunjwa ngamanzi afudumele. Le nqubo iphindaphindwa phakathi nenyanga ngevama izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto.

Uyazi? Amakhowe amhlophe angokwesigaba sokuqala sezinto zokudla zokudla, okusho ukuthi ungadla ngaphandle kokucubungula kokuqala.

Izakhiwo ezinobungozi zamakhowe amhlophe kanye nokuphikisana

Ukuthola ukuthi yikuphi i-mushroom emhlophe nokuthi yiziphi izakhiwo eziwusizo onayo, kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngokungahambisani nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi cishe wonke amakhowe, kuhlanganise nabamhlophe, ayenamandla okwemvelo okwenza izinto ezinobuthi (isibonelo, i-cesium, i-cadmium, i-lead, i-mercury ne-strontium).

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, akukhuthazwa ukuqoqa amakhowe eduze nemigwaqo ematasa nezindawo zezimboni, ngoba esikhundleni sokuhle, zilimaza impilo yakho kuphela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele unike amakhowe ezinganeni, ngoba iminyaka engama-12-14 uhlelo lokugaya umuntu omncane alukwazi ukubhekana nesibonda semithi ye-fungus, ngoba ayikho inani elidingekayo le-enzyme edingekayo.

Kwezinye izimo, ukungahambisani nomuntu kulo mkhiqizo kungase kwenzeke, kodwa uzofunda ngalokhu kuphela ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho noma ngokudlulisa izivivinyo ezifanele kunabantu abaningi abanganaki.

Kuzo zonke kufanele zihambisane nesilinganiso. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nokwazi umkhuhlane omhlophe "ebusweni", unomqondo wokuthi ukhula kanjani nokuthi ungathola kuphi ama-glades aphezulu, akufanele usheshe uwagibele. Khumbula, kunabantu abaningi abayingozi emvelweni, ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuba ufike ngokuhlakanipha ngokuthatha amakhowe.