Utamatisi okhulayo ema-Urals: yiziphi izinhlobo ezingcono zokutshala nokuzinakekela?

Isikhathi sasehlobo e-Urals sincane, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu kumgadi ojwayelekile wezamasimu ukukhula utamatisi endaweni enjalo.

Izici zezulu ze-Urals kumele zibhekwe ekukhethweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zokutshala, kanye nesikhathi sokutshala utamatisi. Kodwa-ke, uma unakekela kahle imifino, ngisho nasezimo ezinzima zezulu, ungathola isivuno esiphezulu sezithelo enempilo ngokunambitha okuhle. Lesi sihloko sitshela ngokukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezifanelwe utamatisi kanye nezinselele zokutshala imifino.

Izici zesimo sezulu

Zonke lezi zici zixhomeke ngqo endaweni yendawo yendawo. Isifunda sitholakala kude nolwandle, ejulile kuleli zwekazi. Isimo sezulu se-Urals siyingqayizivele, siyashintsha kakhulu, imvula iyasakazwa ngokungafani. Isimo sezulu sivame ukushintsha ngejubane eliphakeme kakhulu. Lokhu kungukuthi, ngolunye usuku kunganisela, kusile futhi kuqale umoya oqinile, futhi ngezikhathi eziphakathi kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ilanga liyokhanya kakhulu.

Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa lokushisa lisho ikakhulukazi ema-Urals. Engxenyeni eseningizimu yesifunda ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa liyakwazi ukuphakama kuma-degrees Celsius angu-25, kuyilapho izingxenye ezisenyakatho ukushisa kwomoya kufinyelela ku-degrees Celsius kuphela. Leli qiniso kufanele licatshangelwe ngenkathi kutshalwa utamatisi.

Usizo Ehlobo engxenyeni eseningizimu yendawo echazwe cishe cishe izinyanga ezingu-5, konke okunye ebusika, enyakatho konke kuhlukile kakhulu: ihlobo liphela izinyanga ezimbili nje kuphela, kanti isikhathi sasebusika siphelile.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezingcono zokutshala?

I-Agronomists abanolwazi oluhle bayeluleka ukukhetha izinhlobo ezingahambisani nezimo ezimbi, ukungathobeki ezimweni ezikhulayo, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezamatamatisi ezivuthiwe zakuqala. Abalimi bezitshalo batusa ukuba banake izinhlobo ezilandelayo.

Isiqhingi esivelele

Ikhula kuze kube ukuphakama kuze kube yingxenye yemitha. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa siyizinyanga ezingu-3-3.5. Incazelo yangaphandle: umbala wesithelo ubomvu, uhlangothi oluzungezayo, olukhulu, isisindo sesilinganiso sifinyelela kuma-gram angu-80. Inzuzo eyinhloko yezinto eziphilayo ukuvuthwa kokuqala kanye nesikhathi esisodwa.

I-Crimson Viscount

Ubude ubufinyelela cishe ngamamitha angu-50. Incazelo yamatamatisi: umbala obomvu, unomthelela ohlangothini lokuthinta, isakhiwo esihlosiwe ngesiphetho esibuhlungu. Izithelo zivuthwe ezinyangeni ezingu-3. Ungafinyelela ubukhulu obufinyelela kuma-250 amagremu. Inzuzo enkulu ibhekwa njengokunambitheka nokuvunwa okuphezulu.

Boni-m

Ukuphakama kufana nezinhlobo zangaphambilini - amasentimitha angu-45. Izithelo zivuthwe ngokugcwele ezinyangeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu. Idatha yangaphandle: umbala wezotamatisi ubomvu obomvu, umumo ujikeleze njalo, unomzimba omuhle kakhulu, ukhula ngesisindo cishe amagremu angu-80. Izinzuzo: ukumelana nezifo ezihlukahlukene nokuqhekeka.

Evgenia

Lezi zinhlobo zincane kunabanye - ngamasentimitha angama-30 kuphela. Phuma ezinyangeni ezingu-3.5. Ngokusho kwencazelo, le utamatisi ejwayelekile ibomvu, inyama, iyindilinga. Isisindo singaba amagremu angu-100. Izinzuzo zifaka isethulo esihle kakhulu, futhi silondoloze isikhathi eside, ukuzivikela ekupheleni kokulimaza.

I-Gavrosh

Ukuphakama kufikela kuhhafu yemitha. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa siyizinsuku ezingu-85. Izithelo isisindo kuphela amagremu angu-50. Umbala utamatisi ugcwele obomvu, nxazonke, isici esiyingqayizivele ukungabi khona kwendawo esiteshini. Izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene - ukuvuthwa okukhulu kakhulu.

Vershok

Ubude be-stem - amasentimitha angu-50-60. Isikhathi sokuguga siyizinyanga ezintathu. Izithelo zincane, zilinganisa amagremu angu-25, umbala obomvu, isakhiwo esihlosiwe. Inzuzo - ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane.

Antoshka

Ukuphakama kwezitshalo - 0.6-0.7 amamitha. Utamatisi uvuthwe isilinganiso sezinyanga ezintathu. Umbala wesithelo ukhanya kakhulu, isisindo sifika amagremu angu-100. Izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene: ukuzivikela kwezifo nokubekezelelana kalula kwezimo zezulu ezimbi.

Ziyini izinsuku zokutshala utamatisi ku-greenhouse kanye nasemhlabathini ovulekile?

Utamatisi uyisiko elinamandla kakhulu, ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukutshala izithombo endaweni yokushisa kuphela ngezikhathi ezicacisiwe. Ukungena ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ezingekho ukushisa akumelwe kwenzeke ngaphambi kukaMeyi. Imigomo yokutshala ku-greenhouse - hhayi ngaphambi kuka-Ephreli.

Ukwandisa utamatisi kusuka kumbewu e-Urals kuthathwa njengokungasebenzi. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ukutshala okuvamile kwamatamatisi kulezi zindawo - izithombo (mayelana nokuzikhethela kwezitshalo zezotamatisi ezikhulayo ngendlela yamaShayina, funda lapha, futhi kulesi sihloko uzothola indlela yokuhlwanyela imbewu engekho-pick-up).

Ngokuqondene nokutshala utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile, izimo zesimo sezulu eziMahla azihambisani kahle nale nqubo, ngoba utamatisi uthathwa njengesiko le-thermophilic. Isimo esishisayo asikwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside kule ndawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlabathi ayinaso isikhathi sokufudumala kuze kube sezingeni eliphezulu. Kodwa uma usenquma ukuthatha ithuba bese utshala utamatisi endaweni evulekile, kungcono ukukwenza kusukela engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni.

Izici zokukhula

Ukutshala endaweni yokushisa okudingayo kufanele uthathe isikhathi lapho inhlabathi ishisa khona ngamamentimitha angu-20 ngokujula kuya okungenani ama-degrees Celsius angu-13. Endabeni yokushisa okuphansi, izimpande ngeke zikwazi ukuthola umthamo owanele wamanzi, ngakho-ke ngeke zikwazi ukuthuthukisa ngokugcwele.

Inqubo:

1. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kufanele unakekele ungqimba oluhle lwamanzi, ngoba utamatisi awubekezelele umswakama omile.
2. Okulandelayo, lungiselela imisele emikhawulweni yamamitha angu-0.5 ukusuka komunye nomunye.
3. Umsele ngamunye udinga ukuphuziswa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate, efafazwe umlotha kanye ne-superphosphate encane.

Kubalulekile. Ngaphandle kwalokho ungafaka ama-humus emhlabathini, ngoba kulokhu uzothola izihlahla ezinamandla ngenani elincane lezithelo.

Imiyalo yokunakekelwa ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Khumbula ukuthi indlela efanele kakhulu yokutshala isitshalo ukutshala utamatisi ukuze izithombo. Le ndlela izosiza ukuthola isivuno esihle sempilo. Kodwa ngenxa yalokhu kufanele ulandele imithetho yokulima:

1. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-15 ukukhulisa izithombo endaweni enomphela, izithombo kufanele ziboshwe, futhi "izingane zokutholwa" kumele zisuswe, zishiye kuphela izimpande, ngamamitha amabili kuya phezulu.
2. Ngaphambi kokuba utamatisi uqale ukuqhakaza nokubeka izithelo, kufanelekile ukuphuza isivuno okungaphezu kwesonto ngesonto.
3. Uma isimo sezulu somile kakhulu, imvamisa yokunisela kufanele yanda. Okufanayo kufanele kwenziwe kweso lapho izithelo ezincane ziqala ukwakha.
4. Uma umswakama okwanele, kunethuba lokuthuthukiswa kokubola okuphezulu, futhi inani lalo elidlulele lingabangela ukubola kwesistimu yonke.
5. Kubalulekile ukuhambisa umhlabathi kuphela ngaphansi kohlelo lwempande, isikhathi esifanele kakhulu ekuseni noma ngemva kokushona kwelanga.
6. Esikhathini sokuthuthukiswa nokukhula okusebenzayo kotamatisi badinga ukondliwa ngomanyolo wamanzi, isibonelo, i-mullein noma isilwane esisindayo esenziwe ngokucophelela. Qinisekisa ukuthi umanyolo unesisindo esanele se-potassium ne-magnesium, ngaphandle kwalokho ngenxa yalokhu kuntuleka kwamabala aluhlaza kungavela kulawo utamatisi. Imifuno enjalo isetshenziswa kabili ngenyanga.
7. Ukwandisa inani lama-ovari kanye nezithelo, kuyadingeka ukuba uhlakaze isiko ngesisombululo se-boric acid (10%) njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili.
8. Ngokushesha lapho ama-ovari wokuqala evela utamatisi, kubalulekile ukususa amapuleti aphansi, ikakhulukazi labo abathintana nomhlabathi - kungcono ukufeza inqubo enjalo emahoreni asekuseni, ngakho-ke amanxeba azoba nesikhathi sokudonsa kusihlwa.
9. Izikhathi eziningana ngenkathi, lesi sitshalo kufanele siphathwe ngamalungiselelo okubulala izinambuzane nezifo njengendlela yokuvimbela izifo nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane.
10. Umhlabathi kufanele ungabi namanzi futhi uphefumule, ukhule.
11. Emhlabathini kungcono ukwengeza inhlabathi encane emnyama kanye nesihlabathi esikhulu somfula.

Amathiphu namasu

Ngokusho kwama-agronomists we-Urals, Umgomo obalulekile wekhwalithi yetamatisi yikhwalithi yokugcina izithelo kanye nekhono lokuthutha. Kodwa kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi lezo zithelo ezingagcinwa isikhathi eside, akuzona njalo ukunambitha okuhle kakhulu.

Kudingeka unikeze izintandokazi kulezo zinhlobo ezingamelana nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo nezimo ezimbi. Ngakho-ke, ungakhohlwa ukucubungula isiko ngezixazululo ezikhethekile, isibonelo, njenge "Epin" ne "Zircon".

Ukuze sikhule noma yimiphi imifino esifundeni esinesimo sezulu esinengqondo kunzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukwenza umzamo omkhulu nesikhathi sokufinyelela isivuno esikhulu. Kodwa ikhono lokutshala utamatisi kusayithi lakho futhi ukuzethemba izimfanelo zabo kuyabiza.