Umnikazi ubusisiwe amahektha angama-6 noma umhlaba oqinile, lapho uhlela khona ukuhlela ibhizinisi lakho lokukhuphula nokuthengisa imikhiqizo yezolimo, umbuzo wokukhetha izindlela zokukhula kanye nezithombo, kanye nemifino yokuqala izovuswa.
Ukulima kwezitshalo ezihlukahlukene endle, ikakhulukazi endaweni yokulima, kungenakulinganiswa. Futhi uma kungenzeka ukufaka izithombo zokugcina ezilodwa noma ngaphezulu, umnikazi wazo angase azibheke njengenhlanhla.
Noma kunjalo, abalimi abaningi kakhulu futhi abalimi balula encane, kulula ukwenza futhi zokugcina izithombo, okungenziwa ngokoqobo kusuka ezintweni ezibucayi.
Yonke imasiko ine-greenhouse yayo?
Cishe wonke amasiko afanele ukukhula ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Phela, ama-eggplants, amavangeloni, i-pepper kanye no-utamatisi - AbaseNingizimu, abangenakubekezelela ukushisa okuphansi, bangabulala izithombo ngisho neqhwa elincane. Esigabeni sokuqala Izembozo zefilimu ziyadingeka ukugcina i-microclimate njalo. Bazosiza ukuvikela izitshalo kusuka kwesichotho, amazolo nobunkungu, ama-frosts ekwindla.
Imifino
Kuyinto elula ukutshala imifino eminingi kumafilimu okugcina izithombo zebhola, amabhokisi ahlanganiswe namafrimu ne-polyethylene noma ingilazi, imigudu.
Imigudu Yokushisa iqoqwe kusuka kuma-arcs, afakwa kude kumamitha angu-1, ama-5 ukusuka komunye nomunye. Kule mibhoshongo ivalwe ngokugqamile epulasitiki.
Izitshalo ezinjalo zokugcina izithombo zenziwa ngxube ye-humus nomquba, amahlamvu, okuthi, ahlise, atshise izimpande zezitshalo nomoya ngaphansi kwefilimu. Kulezi zindawo ezincane zokugcina izithombo kuhle ukukhula ukhukhamba, utamatisi ongaphansi, i-zucchini, u-squash.
Amabhokisi abuye agcwaliswe umquba ogcwele amafreyimu ngeglasi noma ifilimu afanele ukukhula utamatisi, pepper.
Ngokushayela Ekupheleni kukaMeyi-Juni, imigudu ivuliwe kusuka komunye noma zombili izinhlangothi. Ezinsukwini ezishisayo, ifilimu isuswa ngokuphelele noma isigamu, ihlanganisa imifino kuphela ebusuku. Engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi - Agasti, ikhava yefilimu izovikela izitshalo emakhazeni abandayo futhi igcine ifudumele. Ngisho ekupheleni kuka-Agasti uzokwazi ukugoma amakhukhamba amancane kanye ne-zucchini.
Isitshalo seqanda
Enye yamasiko amathenda kakhulubadinga indawo evikelekile - amaqabunga. Inhlabathi ebusweni obuncithakalo kufanele ilungiselelwe ekwindla.
Emva kokukhipha ungqimba oluphezulu lensimu ku-0, 5 - o, amamitha ayi-8 ejulile, emgodini ufake izikhala, ezihlanganiswe ebhodini. Kunconywa ukwenza izindonga ezimbili ezigodliwe.lokho kugcina ukushisa kangcono. Ngemuva kokukhipha izinsalela zeziqongonga, ama-stalk namaqabunga ebhokisini, bamba inhlabathi.
Gcoba kahle ngamanzi bese uphilisa i-disinfect: i-bleach - amagremu angu-100 kumitha ngayinye, noma i-formalin, ama-250 amagremu wesisombululo se-40% esiphundulwa ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi futhi achithe umhlaba, lapho izitshalo zeqanda ezincane ziyokhula khona.
Lezi zinyathelo zizosiza ukugcina zonke izithombo.
Kakade ngoFebruwari - Mashi, abanikazi bezindlu bahlwanyela imbewu yama-eggplants ezindaweni zokubeletha. Amasonto amabili kuya kwangu-3 ngaphambi kokutshala endlini yokushisa, izinga lokushisa ekamelweni lapho izithombo zikhula khona, ziyancipha zibe yizi-15 kuya ku-18 degrees. Kwaphela isonto ngaphambi kokutshala, zondliwa ngama-organic fertilizer, zelashwa izifo nezinambuzane. Ungasebenzisa i-Bordeaux liquid, ungazuza.
Ezitshalweni zokutshala izitshalo zokutshala izitshalo zingatshalwa eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaJuni. Uma kusetshenzwa isimo sezulu esifudumele, sishintsha, inhlabathi iyathuthuka, ngokuvamile iyoyidlulisa ukuvumelanisa.
Ngaphansi kwesibani sokushisa esizayo ngesonto elilodwa ngaphambi kokutshala kwezithombo, umquba ugcwala futhi uhlaka lomhlaba. Phezulu kwendawo yokushisa ekhishwe yi-polyethylene. Kuzo zokugcina izithombo, izitshalo zikhula futhi zithuthuke kahle: uma kunesidingo, amafrimu kulula ukuphakamisa noma ukuvula umoya wokuphuza umoya.
Kudingeka ukumba futhi ukhulule umhlabathi.
Izimbobo ezinamasentimitha angu-16 kuya kwangu-20 zenziwa kude kumamitha angu-40 kuya kwangu-50 ukusuka komunye nomunye. Kungcono ukutshala izithombo ngomugqa owodwa, kodwa uma unquma ukusindisa isikhala, ungahlwanyela ama-eggplants ngendlela evelele, ukwandise ibanga ngamamitha angu-10.
Shower kakhulu izithombo 3 amahora ngaphambi kokufakelwa kabusha, lokhu kuzosiza ekugwemeni umonakalo ohlelweni lwempande.
Amanzi afudumele athululelwa emithonjenibese ubeka isikhala kuwo ngokucophelela, ufafaze ngenhlabathi.
Emva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo, udinga ukondla isithombo ngasinye.
Ama-eggplants e-greenhouse aphezulu kunelabo asebekhulile emhlabathini ovulekile, ngakho-ke, njengoba bekhula kudingeka ukubopha. Nisela izitshalo ngokucophelela, njengoba uhlelo lwempande luseseduze. Ukuchelela nsuku zonke, ukushayela, ukudla izikhathi ezingu-3-6 ngenyanga - futhi isivuno sizokumangaza.
Bow
Khulisa anyanisi ngaphansi kwefilimu ilula kakhulu. Ungasebenzisa ikhava yefilimu elula, ne-frame ephathekayo yokushisa, kanye nebhokisi.
Ukuvuna kokuqala Ipeni elihlaza lingatholakala ngokutshala anyanisi ekwindla. Ama-anyanisi akhula kahle ezindaweni lapho isitshalo seqanda, utamatisi noma i-beetroot kwakuyizimbangi.
Uma uzitshala ipeni ukuphoqa, ungatshala i-sevok eduze komunye nomunyeuma udinga i-turnipyitshale kude 25 - 30 amasentimitha kusuka komunye nomunye. Uma usuqedile ukutshala, faka umbhede ngobuningi be-peat, amagatsha, ifilimu. Ekupheleni kuka-Mashi - ekuqaleni ko-Ephreli, indawo yokukhosela ingasuswa, imibhede kufanele iphuze kahle futhi ifakwe amafrimu ngeglasi, i-polyethylene noma i-polycarbonate.
I-feather egcwele ngokugcwele ingaqedwa ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu kuya kwangu-4.
Uma utshala u-anyanisi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, uzovuna isivuno sokuqala ngoMeyi noma ekuqaleni koJuni. Ungakhohlwa ukuwasebenzisa u-anyanisi, uwadle futhi uwaphephe ngezinsuku ezifudumele.
Iklabishi
Kulula kakhulu ukukhula eklabishi lokushisa. Ukuze uthole isivuno esiphezulu, udinga ukunakekela izithombo. Imbewu yezinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala zeklabishi ihlwanyelwa emabhokisini ensimu enomhlabathi okhanya, ocebile ophakathi nango-February.
- Ngokuba ukwandisa iklabishi yokushisa kungcono ukusebenzisa wangcwatshwa ebhokisini lomhlabathi enezindonga ezimbili ezinamapulangwe, ezikwazi ukugcina ukushisa kahle futhi zingavumeli inhlabathi ikhule phezu kwezitshalo. Ngasekupheleni kuka-Mashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, udinga ukuyikhulula eqhweni, hlola isimo samafolda oyokumboza ngalo abamba ukushisa.
- Emva kokuvela kwezithombo zeqabunga zokuqala zidinga swoop phansi, ehlezi kude amabanga angu-5 kuya kwangu-10 komunye nomunye.
- Ukushisa gcwalisa bioorganic, okuyinto, lapho ebola, ivuselela kahle inhlabathi. I-Top yathululela ingxube ye-humus e-soddy, inhlabathi emnyama nomhlaba. Lapho izinga lokushisa elitheni lokushisa lingama-degrees angu-20, ungasetha izindebe ngamahlumela akho, unike izitshalo ukuthi zijwayele ukufaka imishini encane ngaphambi kokufakelwa kabusha. Kodwa iningi iklabishi etshala ngokushesha emhlabathini.
- Ibanga phakathi kwezithombo akufanele kube ngaphansi kwamamentimitha angu-5uma uhlela ukutshala iklabishi endaweni evulekile. Uma ikhula ngaphansi kwefilimu, ibanga eliphakathi kwawo kufanele libe ngamasentimitha angu-40 kuya kwangu-50.
- Ukunisela idinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile: kudingeka udonsa yonke inhlabathi, uthele ama-1-2 amalitha esitshalo ngasinye, okungenani amabhakede amathathu amanzi ngamamitha ayi-1 square. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo qinisekisa ukuthi amanzi awiwi amaqabunga, ukuze inhlabathi eduze nesisekelo seziqu ingahlanjululwa. Ungadlulisi wonke amanzi ngokushesha, qinisekisa ukuthi ubambelele ngokuphelele. Ukuphuza okuningi - 1 isikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-15. Uma isimo sezulu sishisa futhi sishisa, ukuphuza iklabishi kuyadingeka kanye njalo emva kwezinsuku ezingu-3-4, ukuvimbela inhlabathi ukuthi ingabe iphelile.
Amakhanda okuqala weklabishi omhlophe nale ndlela yokulima ingaqedwa kakade phakathi noJulayi.
Iklabishi yaseBeijingokuyinto, ukukhula okuhle nokuguga okusheshayo, kudinga izinga eliphezulu lokuswakama, izinga lokushisa lomoya kusuka emazingeni angu-15 kuya ku-25 futhi lukhanya kakhulu, lukhula kahle nezindawo zokugcina izithombo - imigudu, nasemabhokisini. Ehlobo kusuka kwesinye isayithi ungathola izitshalo ezimbili, noma ezintathu. Izinhlobo zakuqala zitshalwe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ngaphansi kwefilimu maphakathi no-Ephreli, izinhlobo zokuvuthwa sekwephuzile - maphakathi noJuni. Iklabishi yaseBeijing iphikisana nokupholisa ngaphansi kwe-zero, ngakho ungayisusa ku-greenhouse maphakathi no-Okthoba.
Ukudla kuyadingeka izitshalo, ukumisa ukukhula: kanye ngezinsuku ezingu-7-10, qiniseka ukuthi uhambisa iklabishi ngezixazululo ze-urea ngesilinganiso sezinhlamvu ezingu-2 ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi, ama-fertilizer ephilayo. Lezi zizwe ziphendula kahle ngokufaka umanyolo ngezinyosi zezinyoni, zihlanjululwe 1:20 ngamanzi.
Isithombo
Ukukhulisa isithombo endaweni yokushisa okudingayo khetha indawo ekhanyayo - Lesi sitshalo asibekezelele ukungabi khona kwelanga.
Kutshalwe ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, lezi zimpande zingaba ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Okusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukutshala imbewu enkulu kakhulu njengoba isithombo sakhula kusuka ezincane ezincane cishe njalo unomcibisholo.
I-Radishes ingahlwanyelwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-25, futhi kusukela maphakathi no-Agasti, ikhava yefilimu ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuvuna isivuno kuze kube sekwindla.
Ukuhlunga
Esikhathini semifino yokushisa singakhula ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. I-dill, i-lettuce, i-watercress, isardard, i-parsley hhayi ukwesaba isithwathwa. Kungenzeka ukuhlwanyela imifino ebamba lokushisa elilungiselelwe ekwindla ngo-Ephreli. Isembozo sefilimu sizovikela emakhazeni futhi sihlale sishisa. Ungakhohlwa ukuphuza izithombo, ukuhambisa umoya wokushisa ngezinsuku ezinelanga. Ngesikhathi leso sakhiwo sidinga ezinye izitshalo, imifino izovela kakade ensimini, kepha kungakapheli izinyanga ezingu-1 kuya ku-1, ukushisa okushisa, njengokungabi nalutho, ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, kuzozuzisa, kukujabulise ngamavithamini okuqala.
Ifilimu evamile elele phezu kwe-arc Ngaphezulu kombhede we-dill noma isaladi unganikeza indawo yokuhlala, engasiza ekutholeni isivuno sokuqala.
Izimbali
AmaHhotela amafilimu namaHhotela okugcina izithombo lapho ukhula izimbali kudingeka ukuze ama-frosts angazelelwe angabhubhisi izithelo zemisebenzi yakho.
Ngokuvamile ukuvikela izithombo zezimbali kanye nezitshalo ezisetshenzisiwe kakade imigudu yokugcina izithomboukudonsa ifilimu e-arc engozini yeqhwa.
Izindlwana ezinjalo zikuvumela ukuba usheshise ukukhula kwezithombo, ukuze ulinganise isikhathi sokukhahlela.
Ama-tulips, ama-daffodils, ama-crocuses, ama-viola nabanye abaningi bayokujabulela nge-flowering ngenyanga ngaphambili uma bekhula ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo - amabhokisi ngisho nangaphansi kwefilimu.
Ama-Strawberries
Ukuqhathanisa imigomo yokuhluma kwalesi sitshalo kuzosiza umhubhe, ifilimu engakhululwa kalula ukuze uqhube umoya. Ngokuvamile, lapho ukhulisa ama-strawberries ezindlini zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo, amathanga angcwatshiwe futhi angasetshenzisiwe asetshenziselwa ukuhlaziywa njalo.
Ama-tunnel zokugcina izithombo bahlezi phezu kwemibhede nge-strawberries kakade ngo-Ephreli, maphakathi noJulayi ifilimu ingasuswa, phakathi kukaJulayi-Agasti ifilimu enjalo yokushisa ingaba khona futhi.
Ehlobo elibandayo ezindaweni zokulima eziyingozi ama-strawberry e-greenhouse ahlale ephansi, ngoba izitshalo ezikhula kancane azidingi izinto eziningi zokumboza.
Ama-watermeloni
Umbhede ophezulu wensimu enesihlabathi, ohlanganiswe ebhokisini enezindonga zamapulangwe kuyadingeka ukutshala okuphumelelayo kanye namakhabe akhula endaweni yokushisa.
Amafreyimu aneglasi noma ifilimu enamandla izovikela isiko eliphansi kusukela entwasahlobo yamahlumela. Njengoba isiko somzimba sikhula, ukuphakama kwendawo yokukhosela kungashintshwa kalula ngosizo lwe-arcs, efakwe enhlabathini kumgama we-1 kuya ku-1.5 wamamitha.
Nisela umhlabathi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo 1 isikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-3 - 4. Lapho izibonakaliso zokuqala zokutshala izithelo ukwanda.
Khumbula ukuthi uma utshala izithombo kakhulu kakhulu, uzama ukusindisa isikhala, inani lama-ovari lizoba ngaphezulu, kodwa izithelo ngokwabo - ngaphansi. Ibanga elingcono lisuka kumamitha angu-40 kuya ku-60.
Kubalulekile: Amavolononi aphelele ungabekezeleli ukhula, Ngakho-ke, hhayi nje ukuchelela, ukukhulula nokugqoka, kodwa futhi ukusila njalo kudingekile ukuvuna.
Okuthakazelisayo: ukupheliswa kokunisela amasonto amathathu kuya kwangu-4 ngaphambi kosuku lokuvuna nokubuyiselwa kwekhava lefilimu, ukuze imvula ingagcini umbhede wensimu, usizo lokuthola hhayi nje kuphela ekhulile, kodwa futhi amnandi amajikijolo ashukela.
Isithombo
Kufanelekile izithombo noma yiziphi izinhlobo zokugcina izithombo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukufinyelela izithombo kulula.
Kungcono ukubeka izitshalo kakade zokudilika ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, efakwe ezitsheni.
Ukuvula unomphela zokugcina izithombo entwasahlobo engathandeki ngoba kukhona ingozi i-hypothermia izithombo. Ngalolu lungiselelo, izithombo zesikhathi zokunisela nokukhulelwa zithatha kancane kakhulu uma zihlwanyela imbewu.
Ukuhlwanyela emibhedeni efudumele ngaphansi kwendawo yokuhlala endaweni engapheliyo okungcono kakhulu ukhukhamba, amakhabe, zucchiniabangathandi ukuguquka.
Thatha ngokungathí sina ukukhetha indawo ukuze kube nokushisa okushisa, kufanele kube khona ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze izithombo zingagxiliwe, zineziqu ezingapheli futhi ezingaphelele.
Lapho izinga lokushisa liqala ukukhuphukela emazingeni angu-18 kuya kwangu-20 phakathi nosuku, ungaqala ukuhamba, ukuqina kwezimbewu: ukuvuleka kokuqala imizuzu engu-10 kuya kwengu-20, ukwandisa kancane kancane isikhathi samahora amathathu kuya kwangu-4.
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, inhlabathi ebamba ukushisa ithuliswa kakhulu ukuze ingalimazi izimpande uma umba.
Isiphetho
Izindawo zokuhlala eziphephile ezilula zokukhiqiza zinikeza usizo olubalulekile kokubili balimi nabanikazi bezindawo ezinkulu. Ngesinqumo esifanele somfanekiso wokushisa, indawo yokubekwa kwayo kanye nezinto zokumboza, zona kunciphise kakhulu ingozi yokuqandisa, ukufa kwezithombo kanye nezitshalo ezincane, ukwandisa isikhathi se-fruiting, kusize ukuthola isivuno sokuqala semifino emibili, nemifino kanye namajikijolo.
