Izakhi kanye nokwakheka kwenhlabathi enhle yepelepele: izithombo kanye nensimu, ukupheka ngezandla zakho

Ngaphandle kokulungiselela inhlabathi efanele, akunakwenzeka ukukhula izithombo zokuqala ze-pepper.

I-Trade inikeza izixube eziningi zenhlabathi ezihlukene, kodwa abalimi abanolwazi batusa kakhulu ukulungiselela inhlabathi izithombo ngokwabo.

Isihloko sendaba yanamuhla siyindawo enhle yepelepele: izithombo kanye nokutshala izithombo ezinamandla. Ukulungiselela umhlabathi wezithombo ze-pepper ngezandla zakho.

Umhlabathi ongakwesokudla

Izwe elihle lokutshala kufanele:

• yiba obala, okhanyayo, ngesakhiwo esiyingoziukuqinisekisa ukutholakala mahhala kwamanzi namanzi;
• iqukethe i-microflora enika ukuphilaudaba oluphilayo;
• qhubeka ngokulinganisela okuhle kwezithombo i-potassium, i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, insimbi, ithusi, i-zinc;
• fanisa ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi lapho i-pepper izokhula khona;
• elingenakunyakaziswa kumswakamangaphandle kokwenza uqweqwe olungenasici;
• ube ne-pH eyanele yokungathathi hlangothi kwepelepele pH ~ 5-7. Ubunjalo be-acidity buvikela i-pepper kwisifo somlenze omnyama naso sonke.

Izwe elihle akufanele:

• ukutheleleka ngokhula, izibungu, amaqanda ezinambuzane, izibungu, izinhlamvu ze-fungal, izinto ezinobuthi, ama-pathogens, ukubola izinto eziphilayo;
• unobumba.

Ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi, okulungele izithombo ze-pepper, iqukethe i-oxides ye-phosphorus ne-potassium, isulfure, boron, i-molybdenum, i-zinc, i-iron, ithusi, i-manganese, i-magnesium ne-calcium ngokulinganisela okulinganayo.

Izithombo

Indlela yokupheka umhlaba ngezithombo ze-pepper:

1. Ngesinye isici: isihlabathi, i-peat, i-humus, umhlaba.
2. I-Sod, umhlaba wegadi, umquba, ishlabathi - ngamasheya alinganayo. Engeza izinkuni ngomlozi ngesilinganiso seglasi nge-10 kg yekhamera.
3. I-peat efanayo ye-lowland, i-humus. Ncoma nge-potassium sulfate ne-superphosphate.
4. Esinye isilinganiso somquba (peat), isihlabathi (i-perlite), i-turf emibili.
5. Kwesinye isici, i-sawdust kanye nesihlabathi esilinganiselwe ngokulinganayo, engeza ama-lobes amathathu enhlabathi.
6. Ishidi elifanayo kanye nezwe le-sod, inani elifanayo le-humus, isihlabathi esithile, i-vermiculite, i-perlite yokukhetha.
7. Izwe, humus, isihlabathi, umlotha okhuni.
8. I-Sod emhlabathini, isihlabathi somfula, i-peat ehlanganiswe ngokulinganisela okulinganayo, uthele ibhakede lamanzi nge-superphosphate, i-potassium sulfate (30 g) ne-urea (10 g).
9. Umhlaba, i-humus, i-peat emvuthweni ofanayo, ingxenye engama-litre okhuni, izinhlamvu ezimbili ze-supersphosphate.

Okuningi mayelana nezinhlanganisela zomxube

Peat

Isetshenziswe njenge-powder baking. Inhlanganisela enkulu yenhlabathi idinga izithasiselo ze-peat. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu:

• ephansi: hhayi omuncu, ocebile izakhi;
• okuguquguqukayo;
• ngokuyisisekeloedinga ukucebisa nge-lime noma umlotha. Amakhamera we-phosphate ne-magnesium amukelekile.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-peat, kutuswa ukuba wengeze u-2% we-phosphate fertilizer. Khona-ke umphumela uzoba mkhulu.

Isihlabathi esikhulu

Inikeza amanzi ahlanzekile, inikela ekubunjweni kwengxenye esekelwe ehlathini. Ukwenza umhlabathi ube nesibindi, ukhanyise.

I-Turf

Ukuze ugcwalise inhlanganisela yenhlabathi, uthuthukise isakhiwo ehlobo-ekwindla, susa ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlabathi notshani. Kuqiniswe emabhokisini. Harmisa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.

Umswakama we-Sphagnum

Ukwandisa umswakama. Ukuthola izimfanelo ze-bactericidal ukuvimbela ukubola kwesistimu yezimpande.

I-Sawdust

Izithasiselo zokhuni ezinkuni ukusiza inhlabathi, ukwandise ukufaneleka kwayo.

Umquba

Iqukethe ama-humus, ngakho-ke kudingekile ukuthuthukiswa okuphumelelayo kwezithombo. Ukwandisa ukuzala, ukuphuza umoya.

I-Perlite

Lapho ukhula izithombo ezimanzini ezinezinto ezivela emthonjeni we-volcanic, ingozi yezifo ezifungayo kanye nokubola kwe-seedling kuncishisiwe. Ivikela ekubunjweni kwezimpawu, ukugoba, ukusikaza, izinguquko zokushisa.

Vermiculite

I-Mineral Laminated Mineral isindisa ekumeni.

Ash

Abalimi abanolwazi bafuna i-birch.

Ukulungiselela umhlaba izithombo zepelepele

Ekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla, izingxenye ezikhona kufanele zigcinwe: umhlabathi, i-turf, i-peat, i-moss, i-sawdust, umquba. Kungenzeka ukugcina amalungiselelo emasakeni epulasitiki, izikhwama, amabhokisi, amabhakede, ekushiseni kwe-subzero. Kunconywa ukuthi baqhwaqwe kahle.

Qaphela! Indawo esuka endaweni engadini ingase iqukathe imbewu yezitshalo ezingathandeki, izinambuzane eziyingozi kanye nezibungu zazo, izifo eziphilayo. Ungasebenzisi ngaphandle kokucwiliswa, noma esikhundleni somthengi.

Ungafaki umquba omusha, umquba omusha, i-turf engaphenduliwe ekuhlanganiseni izithombo.

Ukuthuthukisa inhlabathi yezithombo ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• Ukunciphisa i-pH, ukunciphisa amakhemikhali angafuneki, inqubo ngezidakamizwa ezifana ne-Flora-S.
• I-Etch nge-fungicides, izinambuzane. Le nqubo inokwethenjelwa, isebenza isikhathi eside. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ingozi yemithi enjalo yezempilo, ukugcina yonke imithetho yokuqapha.
• Sula kuze kube ihoraukuvuselela ngezikhathi ezithile. Inhlabathi ebhalwe ngamapulangwe kufanele igcinwe ezitsheni ezinenzalo endaweni epholile, engakhiwanga. Ekucubunguleni okunjalo, ama-bacterium, ama-fungus, izimpungushe nezinyosi ezibhubhisayo zibhubha, kodwa ama-microelements kanye nama-mineral ayadingeka ahlala.
• Ukuthuthukisa i-microflora ukucubungula ngesisombululo njengo "Baikal", "Gumi" ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo.
• Ukushisa isigamu sehora kuhhavini, kuhhavini ekushiseni kwe-40-50 °. Ukungahambi kwalendlela ukuthi, kanye nezici ezingathandeki, izinto ezidingekayo eziwusizo zibhujiswa.
• Ukufometha. Izinsuku ezingu-30-40 ngaphambi kokutshala ukuze zifudumale, zihlanganise nezinye izingxenye, uphinde uzifake.
• Sulalisa nge-solution ye-potassium permanganate. Ukwengeza, hamba umenzi we-antifungal.

Izakhi ezinamafutha aqala ukuhlanganisa amaviki amabili ngaphambi kokuqala kokutshala. Umhlaba, sod, peat, humus sift. Khetha izinsalela zezitshalo, amahlumela, izinto zangaphandle.

Beka izingxenye ezikhethiwe kwisitsha esifanele. Knead lumps. Hlanganisa kahle kuze kube bushelelezi. Engeza isanti, i-perlite. Bazohlanganisa zonke izingxenye zibe munye, baphinde baxube.

Isonto ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, gcwalisa izitsha ezilungiselelwe ngezithombo. Sula isixazululo sokukhanya samanganese. Engeza umlotha, umanyolo.

Kungenzeka yini ukuthululela phansi izithombo zepelepele?

Izithombo ze-Pepper azidingi indawo eyengeziwe.

Kodwa, uma kunesidingo esinjalo, ufafaze izithombo ngaphandle kokuvala amaqabunga e-cotyledon wokuqala ashiye ukutshala ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi, noma uwuthulule ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi ephathekayo bese usebenzisa itiye ukuphuza. Engeza kumamukeli amaningi.

Ngemuva kwe-lignification engxenyeni engezansi ye-stem, yeka ukutshala izithombo, ngaphandle kwalokho ukwakheka kohlelo lwempande kuzophuza, ukubola kungase kuqale.

Ukulungiselela inhlabathi yezithombo ze-pepper

Indlela yokulungisa umhlabathi wezithombo ze-pepper? Ukuze ungabhubhisi izithombo ezikhulile ngokucophelela, kubalulekile ukulungisa umhlabathi endaweni yokuhlala unomphela wepelepele:

• Hlola imibhede kusengaphambili, yenza isinkimbinkimbi semifuno ehambisana nenhlobo yomhlabathi.
• Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufakelwa ukukhiqiza amanzi amaningi.
• Yenza izimbobo, ukujula okulingana nomthamo wezithombo eziphelile, uthele amanzi ukushisa ekamelweni.
• Drop pepper.

Ngokugcwele, ngokugcinwa kwemithetho yonke ye-agrotechnical, inhlabathi yayilungisiwe, inamandla, iqine izithombo zikhule. Kusukela ekuzaleni kwenhlabathi kuncike esikhathini sokulima. Ngemuva kokuthola zonke izakhi zomzimba ezidingekayo, ngokuqondile emhlabathini, isikhathi sokuthola izinto eziphakeme kakhulu sincishiswe ngamasonto angu-1-2. Isitshalo siphula, sivuthwe ekuqaleni.

Izinto eziwusizo

Funda ezinye izihloko ezitshalweni ze-pepper:

• Ukuhlwanyela kahle imbewu kanye nokuthi ungayifaka yini ngaphambi kokutshala?
• Indlela yokutshala ama-peas amnyama, u-chili, omunyu noma omnandi ekhaya?
• Yini abagqugquzeli bokukhula nokuthi bangayisebenzisa kanjani?
• Izizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani amaqabunga ephikisiwe emahlumela, izithombo ziwa noma zikhishwa, nokuthi kungani amahlumela efa?
• Imigomo yokutshala ezindaweni zaseRussia ikakhulukazi ukutshala ezindaweni zase-Urals, eSiberia nasesifundazweni saseMoscow.
• Funda imithetho yokutshala i-pepper yesiBulgaria neshisayo, kanye ne-dive enomnandi?