Izinhlobo ze-Apple. Izithombe zezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene.

Ukunaka kwakho, abangani bensimu, incazelo kanye

izithombe ze-apula zemithi ehlukahlukene: omuncu nomnandi,

ukuvuthwa kokuvuthwa nokuvuthwa kwekwephuzile.

Funda konke mayelana nemithi ye-apula ekhula emasimini ethu.

Izinhlobo zasehlobo

Izinhlobo zehlobo zama-apula ziqala ukuzala ngoJulayi futhi ziphela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Izithelo zingadliwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuphuka esihlahleni, ngoba ukuvuthwa kwabathengi kufika ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba izithelo ziqothulwa. Isikhathi sokugcina sama-apula ehlobo sincane, okungenani isonto elilodwa, inyanga enkulu. Ama-apula asetshenzisiwe amasha, izinhlobo ezinomsoco kakhulu yi-Candy no-Medunitsa. With izinhlobo ezifana Grushovka Moscow kanye Chinese appleauce igolide kwenziwa.

Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo

• izinhlobo zemithi "Paping" inokuphakama okulinganiselwe, umqhele wayo ugobile, wonke amaqabunga. Ikhomba izinhlobo ezinemibala ephakathi. Emvuleni, imithi ye-apula ingase isetshenziswe esibhedlela esifana nesiko. Ukuhlukahluka "iPapirovka" kujabulisa izithelo kakade ngonyaka wesine ngemuva kokufika kwayo. Siyajabula ngezithelo cishe cishe minyaka yonke. Ungakhetha ama-apula avuthiwe phakathi nenyanga yokugcina ehlobo. Kodwa, ama-apula agcinwa okwesikhashana, angapheli izinsuku ezingu-15, futhi awafanelekile ukuthunyelwa kwesikhathi eside. Ukunambitheka kwama-apula kumnandi futhi kuyomuncu, umbala uphuzi.

• Izinhlobonhlobo "Melba" Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukulingana okuvamile ebusika, okulimala kalula ngesikhumba. Isihlahla sinomqhele ovunguzayo, ububanzi obuningi, ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuphakathi. I-apula iqala ukuthela izithelo eminyakeni emihlanu. Vuna njalo ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokuvuna - ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, ama-apula angagcinwa cishe izinsuku ezingu-30. Ubukhulu be-apula eyodwa yi-100 amagremu. Umoya ohlangene ngekhanda elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Inyama ye-apula imhlophe, ukunambitheka kunethenda futhi kumnandi. Kulula ukuhambisa ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi ibanga.

• Izinhlobonhlobo "Sweet Sweet" Kucatshangelwa ukuhlukahluka kwamahlobo ebusika, umuthi ukhula kancane, ujabulela ngama-apula kusukela ngonyaka wesithathu emva kokutshala kwezihlahla ezincane. Iveza izitshalo cishe minyaka yonke. Ukuqala ukucula izithelo kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Ubuningi bama-apula ufinyelela ku-90 amagremu. Izithelo ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala, inyama iyamhlophe, iyakuthandeka kakhulu.

• Izinhlobonhlobo "Borovinka" okonakala kakhulu ngesikhumba, izithelo eziye zavuthwa, zanda ngokushesha. Ibekezelela ukushisa okungenamkhawulo kalula. Ama-apula aphukile iminyaka emihlanu, avunwa cishe minyaka yonke. Isikhathi sokuqoqa - ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. Izithelo zigcinwa cishe inyanga. Zinezimila futhi zinomsoco ukunambitha, ikhasi le-apula liphuzi.

• Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuvunwa zihlanganisa "Belfer-Kitayku". Izihlahla ze-Apple zithela izithelo njalo ngonyaka, futhi ama-apula ngokwabo amnandi futhi anomuncu ukunambitha.

• Izihlobo zasehlobo "Iphupho" ukubekezelela isithwathwa, ukumelana nesilonda, ujabule izitshalo ezinhle kakhulu okudingeka ziqoqwe njalo ngonyaka. Ama-apula avulekile aqala kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Agasti. Izithelo zokuqala zingabonakala ngonyaka wesine wokukhula (kwi-stock stock), ngonyaka wesibili (esitokisini esincane). Isisindo sesithelo esisodwa singama-gramu angu-200 kuma-rootstocks amancane, kanti imbewu imbewu - 100 amagremu. Ukuma kwama-apula kufakazela, nge-tint ebomvu elikhanyayo, inyama yikhilimu, enomuncu kumnandi.

Ukungalungi

Izinsalela zezinhlobo ze-apula zasehlobo zifaka phakathi: • Ukuphila okufingqiwe.

• Ukuthutha okuncane.

• Amaqabunga e-Apple avame ukuthinteka ngesikhumba.

Izintandokazi

Izinzuzo zezinhlobo zehlobo zase-apula ziyizi:

• Ukuvuthwa kokuqala kwezithelo. Futhi kusukela ngo-Agasti ungakwazi ukuvuna.

• Izivuno ezinhle kakhulu.

• Izithelo ezinkulu.

• Isilinganiso se-hardiness sasebusika.

• Izihlahla ze-Apple zikhiqiza izithelo cishe minyaka yonke.

• Ukuhluma okuqala, izinhlobo ezithile zisithokozisa ngama-apula iminyaka emithathu.

Izici ukufika, ukunakekelwa

Izitshalo zehlobo zasehlobo zitshalwe entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Kodwa kungcono ukutshala ekwindla (Okthoba noma ngoNovemba). Ngokuba abalimi bezindla zokutshala baneluleka izinhlobo "Melba" kanye ne "Borovinka". Kubalulekile ukuba nesikhathi ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa kuqala emoyeni nasemhlabathini.

Izici ezifanele ukunakwa:

1. Ukukhethwa kwezithombo. Okuthandayo kufanele kube izitshalo ze-biennial.

2. Ukukhethwa kwendawo: ukukhanya okwanele, ukuvikelwa emoyeni kanye nasezingxenyeni.

3. Ukulungiselela umhlaba. Izitshalo ezihlelekile zifanelekile. Izwe ligcwele umquba, i-humus.

4. Ukuthungulwa kwangaphambili komgodi wokufika.

5. Ukufaka umquba emgodini wokutshala.

6. Ukutshala izithombo. Uma utshala izithombo, umhlabathi kufanele ugcwalise ngokuphelele uhlelo lwempande, inhlabathi kufanele ibe nomhlabathi ngezinyawo.

7. Ukwenziwa komgodi oseduze nomuthi.

8. Amanzi nje atshale umuthi, amabhakede amabili noma amathathu amanzi.

9. Ukuvikelwa kwezitshalo kusuka kumagundane kanye neqhwa.

10. Ukuxubha umhlabathi ozungeza isiqu se-apula.

11. Amahlumela namagatsha angadingekile asuswa, ngaleyo ndlela enze umqhele oqondile womuthi nokwanda kwezivuno.

Okunye okuthakazelisayo ukufunda mayelana nencazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zama-apula

Izinhlobo ze-Autumn

Izinhlobo ze-autumn ze-apula zihlukile ezihlobo zasehlobo ngoba ngokuyinhloko ama-apula ekwindla athola izimfanelo zokunambitheka ezihlukahlukeneyo ngemva kwamasonto amabili ngemuva kokuvuna, futhi okwesibili, aphikelela izinsuku ezingaba ngu-90.

Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo

• Izinhlobonhlobo "Anis Scarlet". Liqinile, libekezelela kalula inkathi eyomile, isifo esiyinhloko ngumdlavuza omnyama. Abalimi bokuvuna bokuqala bavuna iminyaka engu-6-7. Izithelo zivuthwe ekwindla zakuqala (September). Cishe ama-apula angu-300 ama-apula avunwa emthini owodwa we-apula. Izikhathi zokuvuna. Ama-apula ahlaza, abe nokugqoka kwe-wax, okumnandi futhi omuncu, enyameni enomsoco. Ama-apula akhethiwe agcinwa kuze kube sebusika.

• Izinhlobonhlobo "Anis ezimthende". Inzuzo yalezi zinhlobonhlobo yizivuno ezinhle kakhulu, nokubekezelelana okuhle kwezulu elibandayo. Izithelo zigcina isethulo sabo kuze kuFebhuwari. I-apula yokuqala isivele ikhula eminyakeni engu-6 emva kokutshala kwezihlahla ezincane, iqala ukuvuthwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Ama-apula ashaqulisiwe, inyama eluhlaza, emhlophe nemhlophe ehlelekile, enhle futhi enomuncu.

• izinhlobo zemithi "Zhigulevskoe" ufinyelela ukuphakama okulinganiselwe, kunqatshiwe amaqabunga. Isifo esiyinhloko yisikali. Ngonyaka wesihlanu, izithelo zokuqala zivela, futhi ziqala ukucula kusukela ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Kusukela esihlahleni esisodwa ungakwazi ukuqoqa ama-apula angu-200. Umbala wesithelo ugolide-igolide, inyama iyamanzi. Izinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo zibandakanya isethulo kanye nokunambitha okuhle kwama-apula.

• Izinhlobonhlobo "Oryol Festoon" ihluke kwezinye izinhlobonhlobo ngomqhele omningi, umuthi ungaphansi kwezinga lokuphakama. Isihlahla se-Apple asivame ukuvezwa esikhaleni, sibekezelela isithwathwa. Ukuphumula kwezithelo ezivuthiwe ngemuva kukaSepthemba 15. Zilondolozwe ngokuphelele kuze kube yilapho izinsuku zokugcina zasebusika. Isisindo se-Apple - ama-90 amagremu. Ukuma kwalo kufana ne-turnip. Ama-apula aphuzi aphuzi anenyama eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, enamanzi futhi enesineke ekunambithekeni.

• Ukuhlukahluka kwe-autumn "I-Saffron Saratov" iveza izithelo ngonyaka wesihlanu. Isihlahla se-apple esenziwe ngendlela ye-pyramid, hhayi esiphezulu kakhulu, ebusika-eqinile, engesabi i-powdery isikhutha kanye nesiko. Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kuqala ngoSeptemba. Izithelo ezihlutshiwe zilele kuze kube nguDisemba, ngenkathi zingalahlekelwa iphrezentheshini futhi zigcinwe kahle.

Ukungalungi

Ngengozi kungaba

• Isifo sezifo njalo.

• Izikhathi zokuhluma.

• Ukuvunwa kokuqala, ngezinhlobo eziningi, kuqala kuphela ngonyaka wesihlanu emva kokutshala.

Izintandokazi

Izinzuzo zezinhlobo zama-apple ekwindla zifaka:

• Izinhlobonhlobo ezithela kakhulu zikwindla.

• Umbala okhanyayo wekhasi.

• Kunezithelo ezingafani neze, zonke ama-apula ajwayelekile ngokulingana.

• Impilo yesheluli yezithelo eziqhekekile ifinyelela ezinyangeni ezintathu.

Izici ukufika, ukunakekelwa.

Izinhlobo ze-apula ze-autumn zingatshalwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Izithombo zezitshalo zitshalwe ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Inzuzo yalokhu kutshala ukuthi i-apula inesikhathi sokuqina ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibanda. Umuthi we-apula udinga ukuchelela okwengeziwe. Abalimi bentwasahlobo bayelulekwa ukuba batshale izithombo ezineminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala.

Ukutshala izihlahla ekwindla nakho kunezinzuzo zayo. Phakathi nobusika, umuthi ugcwele uhlelo lwempande, oluye lwaqina ngokwanele futhi lukhula emhlabathini. Isikhathi sokubheka ngo-Okthoba. Isiqu somuthi sivikela ngamagundane ngokusifaka nge-burlap. E-pristvolny circle yenza amagatsha aqunyiwe avela emahlathini, isibonelo, amagatsha e-currant noma ama-raspberries. Ukutshala ekwindla, kungcono ukukhetha izithombo ezineminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala.

Indawo enhle eya ezweni kuyoba khona indawo enokubheka kancane. Ibanga phakathi kwemithi lingamamitha angu-5. Ukutshala ama-apula kudingeka ulungiselele kusengaphambili inhlabathi nomgodi, ogugu kusengaphambili. Umhlabathi odibeneyo nge-peat, humus, superphosphate kanye ne-potassium sulfate ithululelwa emgodini wokufika.

Izendlalelo zezingodo. Emva kokutshala, izihlahla ezincane zidinga ukuphuziswa. Ukunakekela izinhlobo zekwindla kuhlanganisa ukusika futhi ukususa amagatsha angafuneki kanye namahlumela, ukuphuza okwesikhashana nangokulinganiselayo, ukudla nokufaka umquba kanye nezakhi, ukuhlanganisela kanye nokukhulula inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla sama-apula.

Izinhlobo zasebusika

Izinhlobo zasebusika zama-apula zibhekwa phakathi kokuhle okuthi, phakathi nenkathi yokulala isikhathi eside nesitoreji esifanele, singasinika ama-apula entwasahlobo. Izithelo ezivuthiwe ziphukile ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, kuyadingeka ukuba nesikhathi sokukwenza ngaphambi kweqhwa.

Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo

• Izinhlobonhlobo "Antonovka ejwayelekile". Isihlahla se-Apple siphezulu, sifana nesimo se-oval, simelana nobusika obusika, ngomswakama obuningi kungabangela isikhumba. I-apula yokuqala ivela ngonyaka wesi-7. With apula eyodwa ungakwazi ukuqoqa kuze amakhilogremu amabili. Izithelo zivuthwe ekuwa kwekuseni, maphakathi no-September. Izithelo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enomzimba ophuzi, omnandi-omuncu. Umngane: uletha isikhathi sezithelo, ama-apples aqala ngokushesha ukubola. Izinzuzo: izithelo eziningi, ukunambitheka okuhle kwezithelo.

• ezihlukahlukene Apple "Aport" Kubonakala ngomuthi ophakeme, ukuphikisana okuphakathi kweqhwa. Ukutshala kuqala ukuqoqa ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala yokuzitholela, eminyakeni emi-5-6 emva kokutshala. I-apula, enesisindo esingamagremu angu-220, inemibala eluhlaza-ophuzi ngenyama enhle. Igcinwe ngokuphelele kuze kube ngoFebhuwari.

• Izithelo ezihlukahlukene "I-Bezhin meadow" baqala ukucula kusukela maphakathi no-Septhemba futhi bagcinwe cishe yonke ebusika. Umuthi omkhulu onomqhele ohlangene awusoze wathinteka ngesikhumba. Izinhlobonhlobo zinezinkinga ezinkulu zebusika. Ukuma kwama-apula kuyinto evulekile futhi iboshwe, umbala uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinzuzo zezinhlobo ze "Bezhin Meadow" zivuno ezicebile, futhi kuhle kakhulu ukuthutha ibanga elide.

• Izinhlobonhlobo "Ubusika Busiwe" Uqala ukuvuna ukuvuna kakade eminyakeni engu-3 ubudala. Isihlahla sinyanyiswa, sizungezile, amahlamvu asengozini. Ukuvuna kuncane, kufika ku-80 kg kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa se-apula. I-Ripens iqala ngo-Okthoba. Unomphelo omude we-shelf, cishe ngo-Ephreli. Izithelo unyaka nonyaka. Inyama ye-apula i-creamy, iyangena. Le ikhasi liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elinemivimbo ebomvu.

• Izinhlobonhlobo "Ezempilo" ubusika-obuqinile, ushiya cishe ungaguli ngesikhumba. Izithelo ezivuthiwe ezivuthiwe, isikhathi sokuvuthwa yisiqalo ekwindla, sigcinwe isikhathi eside, kuze kube sekupheleni kwebusika. Isisindo se-apula esisodwa singama-140 amagremu. Ifomu - igumbi elinombala ophuzi oluphuzi. Futhi, isithelo sinomuthi omanzi, onethenda, onohlaza. Izinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo zithela isivuno esikhulu kanye nezithelo zezinga eliphakeme kakhulu.

Ukungalungi

Ukukhula okusheshayo.

• Ama-apula, ngokushesha emva kokuvuna esihlahleni, ungancoma ukuthi udle, kubalulekile ukuthi balale phansi okwesikhashana.

Izintandokazi

• Ukuphila okungapheli isikhathi eside.

• Ama-apula agcina inambitheka yawo ngesikhathi sokugcina.

• Gcina ukubukeka okudayiswayo ngisho nalapho kuthunyelwa amabanga amade.

• Ukuphikisana nobusika obubandayo kanye neqhwa.

Izici ukufika, ukunakekelwa

Njengezinye izinhlobo, ukutshala kwezihlobo zasebusika zezihlahla ze-apula kuqala ngokulungiswa komhlabathi kanye nomgodi owumile. Umgodi kufanele ube mkhulu ngokwanele ukuze izimpande zivumelane ngokukhululekile kuwo.

Umanyolo usetshenziswa nge-potassium ne-superphosphates. Ngemuva kokuba izitshalo zitshalwe, kumele ziphuze, ngamabhakede amahlanu amanzi emthini ngamunye. Yondla izihlahla ezincane zama-apula kabili ngonyaka. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu zezinyoni, futhi zinezela i-urea ne-nitrate.

Kubalulekile ukunakekela ngokucophelela amaqabunga omuthi, ngoba kufanele ahlale ephilile. Izihlahla ze-Apple azifutho nje kuphela ukwelashwa kwezihlahla ezinesifo kakade, kepha futhi nokuvimbela izifo. Lokhu kunomthelela ekuvuneni okuhle.

Enye inqubo ebalulekile yokunakekela izinhlobo zasebusika ukusika izihlahla. Susa amagatsha owomile kanye namahlumela wonyaka, ukuze ukuphakama kwesihlahla kulawulwe, umqhele oqondile uyakhiwa, futhi isivuno silawulwa.

Ebusika, isihlahla somuthi sihlanganiswe, sigcwele i-sawdust noma umlotha, kanye nezinaliti noma izinaliti zensimbi. Kuhle futhi ukunakekela ukuvikelwa kumagundane, amagundane kanye nezinhlamvu.