Isitshalo seqanda - isiko esingenakuqhathaniswa kakhulu, akulula kubalimi be-novice. Uthenda olukhethekile luyizithombo ezahlukene.
Ukuze ikhule ngokujwayelekile futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yenza i-ovary, kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho yokunisela, yokudla, kanye nokukhetha.
Ukufakelwa kwesikhashana kuzokuvumela izithombo ukuba ziqale ngokushesha, zibuthe amandla.
Namuhla, isihloko salesi sihloko ngama-eggplants: izithombo ezikhulayo, ukuqoqa izithombo. Indlela yokuzulazula izitshalo ze-eggplant? Kungenzeka yini ukucasha ama-eggplant uma ukhetha?
Ukuqoqa isithombo se-isitshalo seqanda: uyayidinga?
Ngokuvamile, ama-eggplant okutshala aqala ngokuhlwanyela imbewu ezitsheni ezigcwele isakhi semvelo. Ngemuva kokuba izitshalo ziveze amaqabunga wangempela, zidluliselwa ngokucophelela ezigulini. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokulungiselela imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
Isigaba esilandelayo ukutshala kabusha endaweni yokushisa noma ebhodini. Lolu hlelo lufanelekele izinhlobo eziningi, luye lwahlolwa izikhathi eziningi futhi lunikeza imiphumela emihle.
Phakathi kwe izingxabano abaphikisi bamakhekhe:
- ukufakelwa buthaka izitshalo, izithombo eziningi azikwazi ukululama emva kwalo futhi zife;
- Kunezinhlobo ezingahambisani nokukhetha;
- inqubo kubangela ukuphazamiseka okungeziwe, nokwandisa inqubo yezithombo ezikhulayo.
Abagqugquzeli beendlela zakudala bayagcizelela lokho Kunezinzuzo eziningi zokukhetha:
- liyeka ukukhula kwezithombo evumela ukuba baqoqe izakhi ukuthuthukiswa kwama-ovari;
- lapho kuhlwanyela eziqukathi nokukhethwa okulandelayo izitshalo ezibuthakathaka zinganqatshwa, ukonga isikhala sezithombo eziqinile;
- ukufakelwa kusencane inzima izitshalongokuthuthukisa umkhuhlane wabo;
- ukuhamba ikuvumela ukuba uhlole isimo sezimpande futhi uthathe isinyathelo esiphuthumayo uma kunesidingo.
Ukuze le nqubo izuze, kubalulekile ukuyifeza ngokucophelela, uzama ukulimaza izimpande ezincane. Qinisekisa ukuthi usebenzisa izidakamizwa ezisekela ukukhukhulwa kwezithombo futhi ngokushesha uphulukise ama-microtraumas okungahleliwe.
Izinsuku
Ngesikhathi sokudonsa izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda? Abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukutshala izitshalo lapho bekhipha i-pair yokuqala yalezi zimashi. Ngalesi sikhathi, izithombo ziqinile futhi zikwazi ukusebenza, zisinda ekufakweni ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalesi sikhathi kucacile ukuthi yiziphi ama-eggplants ezikhula ngokushesha; yibo abangakhetha ukulahla amahlumela amancane. Le ndlela ibalulekile ekufakweni kwezitshalo ezilandelwayo ezindaweni zokugcina ezincane ezinendawo encane.
Abanye ochwepheshe batusa ukuhlinzwa ngaphambili., ngokushesha emva kokuvela kwamagqabi e-cotyledon. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimpande zezithombo zifushane kakhulu, ziyingozi kakhulu ukulimaza.
Ama-eggplant amancane athathwa kanye nesikhumba somhlaba, esibavumela ukuba bazivumelanise ngokushesha endaweni entsha.
Ngokukhipha isithombo esisodwa, omakhelwane bawo abonakaliswe.. Ukwamukelwa kuyinto enhle yokutshala izinhlobo ezikhethekile kakhulu.
Ukuqoqa ekuqaleni akulimazi izitshalo, kodwa ama-eggplants amancane awakwazi ukuhlala ngeziqukathi zezithombo. Izimpande zingangena, emva kwalokho izithombo azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngaphandle kokulimala. Izimpande ezingaphezu kwamanzi zivele kalula, emva kwalokho izitshalo zingase zife.
Ukuthatha imithetho
Indlela yokuzulazula izitshalo ze-eggplant? Izithombo ezincane ukulungiselela umthombo wokukhanya wezakhi ezilula kusuka ingxube yensimu enhlabathini ne humus. Umhlabathi kufanele ube nokukhanya, okunomsoco, ngenqubo yokungathathi hlangothi noma kancane. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa inhlabathi efanayo egcwalisa iziqukathi zokuhlwanyela imbewu.
Ama-eggplant amancane izimbiza ezincane ezenziwe ngepulasitiki noma iphepha elikhulu lizokwenzaKungenzeka ukusebenzisa izitsha ezizimele. Izimbiza ezinkulu kakhulu azikwazi ukuthathwa, inhlabathi ephuma kuyo ngokushesha, izithombo zingagula.
Izinkomishi ze-Peat nazo azifani, izimpande ezibuthakathaka, ezibuthakathaka zama-eggplants azikwazi ukungena ezindongeni ezinomsoco we-peat ngekhadibhodi elicindezelweyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunqwabelana kwe-peat kusiza ukwandisa i-acidity yenhlabathi, ama-eggplant awawuthandi.
Ngaphambi kokukhetha ama-eggplant esitsheni kudingeka badle amanzi kahle. Khona-ke isithombo ngasinye sinamathele ngesigqoko noma i-spatula ekhethekile.
Uma umgogodla ophakathi nesikhathi eside kakhulu, ungawushintsha ngokucophelela. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi inqubo enjalo yanciphisa ukukhula kwezithombo, kanjalo ukuphawula kuboniswa kuphela izithombo eziphakeme, eziqinile, ezithuthukile.
Embizeni egcwala inhlabathi, kuqhutshwa umgodi lapho isitshalo esincane sifakwa khona. Kubalulekile ukuthi imbobo yayijulile ngokwanele, izimpande akufanele zigobe.
Ukuze ubasize babhekane, ungakwazi ukuphuza ngesitshalo lesi sitshalo ngamanzi afudumele eceleni kwesiqu. Ukujulisa kufana nokulingana, kuze kube amaqabunga e-cotyledon. Umgodi ugcwele inhlabathi, ubuso bomhlabathi buchotshozwe ngeminwe.
Isigaba sokugcina - ukuphuzisa amanzi. Amanzi kufanele afudumele, mhlawumbe abilisiwe. Ungasebenzisa amanzi ahlukanisiwe noma emvula, kanye nesisombululo se-epin. Isidakamizwa esikhethekile sithuthukisa ukuvikeleka kwezithombo, okubenza bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha endaweni entsha.
Umhlabathi uchithelwa kakhulu kusuka ebhodleleni le-spray, ungasebenzisa ukuchelela okunamafutha kahle. Ngemuva kokuphuza inhlabathi efafazwe ngendwangu encane ye-peat. Izithombo ezitholakalayo zibekwe phezu kwenetha futhi zifakwa endaweni efudumele, ekhanyisiwe. Ezinsukwini zokuqala kufanele zivikelwe eziklanyeni kanye nelanga eliqondile.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-10, izithombo ezifakwe emathinini zingadliwa ngesisombululo esinamafutha omanyolo (i-ammonium nitrate, i-potassium sulfate, i-superphosphate).
Ukutshala izihlahla emhlabathini: amaqhinga amancane
Lapho izithombo zithola amaqabunga angama 6-7 weqiniso, sekuyisikhathi sokutshala endaweni ehlala njalo. Ama-eggplants amancane angathunyelwa ekushiseni okushisa phakathi no-May; atshalwa phansi phansi kwefilimu ngasekupheleni kukaJuni.. Okuningi kuxhomeke ezimweni zezulu.
Inhlabathi kufanele ifudumele kahle, ama-eggplants e-whimsical ngeke abekezelele ngisho nokudonsa kancane ekushiseni.
Ukushisa okuhle kwenhlabathi - kusuka kuma-degree angu-15, umoya emini kufanele ufudumeze ku-18-20 degrees. Ama-eggplants angatshalwa endaweni yokugcina izitshalo nganoma isiphi isikhathi.
Ngaphambi kokuhamba izithombo kubalulekile ukulungisa umhlabathi. Ikhululiwe ngokucophelela, izinsalela zezitshalo nezinye iziqu ezifakiwe zikhethwa emhlabathini. Isabelo esivulekile se-humus endala senziwa. Uma inhlabathi i-acidic kakhulu, ungayinciphisa ngefulawa le-dolomite.
Ukuze unciphise umhlabathi osindayo we-loamy uyosiza ukugeza isanti somfula noma i-peat. Ukuze i-disinfection inhlabathi igcwale isisombululo esishisayo se-potassium permanganate noma i-sulphate yethusi.
Ubuso bomhlabathi bubekiwe, bubekiwe izimbobo cishe 12-15 cm ejulile. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-45 cm.
Ukuze kube lula ukukhathalela ama-eggplants, kushiywe imigqa yemigqa engama-60-70 cm. Uhlaka oluthile lwamapulangwe (mhlawumbe u-birch) lubekwe emthonjeni ngamunye. Usuku ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo zidinga ukuphuziswa kakhulu..
Kungcono ukufakelwa ama-eggplants ekuseni, esimweni sezulu esifudumele.. Izimila zisuswa ngokuhlukile kwezinye iziqukathi kanye ne-clod yomhlaba.
KUBALULEKILE! Ukuxosha inhlabathi ezimpandeni akudingekile, awukwazi ukudonsa izithombo phezu kweziqu. Ibhodlela kufanele liguqulwe ngokucophelela, isuse isitshalo ngokuzikhandla.
Amalazi akhiwe ngamakhadibhodi noma epulasitiki angakhanjiswa, kuzokwenza kube lula.
Imbewu ene-clod of land isethwe emgodini. Ukuqina okunamandla okunamandla ama-eggplants, adinga ukugcwalisa umhlabathi nje ngaphezu kwezingodo. Inhlabathi ezungeze izithombo ingaphansi kancane. Izitshalo ziphuziswa ngamanzi afudumele kusuka ekutheni amanzi amancane angakwazi.
Thela amanzi ngeziqu ayikwaziKunconywa ukuba uhambise inhlabathi ezungeze ama-eggplants ngokukhululekile. Ngemuva kokuphuza inhlabathi ihlanganiswe ne-peat. Ukunciphisa okunjalo kuzogcina izinga lokumswakama ezingeni elivamile, ukhula aluyikuphindwa.
Ezinsukwini zokuqala zesitshalo kumele kube pritenyat kusukela elangeni elishisayo. Kutshalwa emgodini womhlaba ifilimu yepulasitiki, iqinisekiswe emagqumeni.
Ama-eggplant amancane anganisela ngeviki ngemuva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo; ukudla kokuqala kuyodingeka kungakapheli amasonto amabili kamuva.
Izithombo ezikhethiwe kahle nezitshalisiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwamaqabunga nokuthola isivuno esikhulu. Kubalulekile ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela izitshalo ezifudukisiwe, ukuze izinsuku zokuqala, ezinzima kakhulu zisinde ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ngaphandle kokulibala ukukhula isikhathi eside.
Ngakho, sibheke ukuthi izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda zikhethwa kanjani ekhaya? Ukhombise imithetho eyisisekelo kanye nezinye izici zokudonsa izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda.
Izinto eziwusizo
Funda ezinye izihloko mayelana nokukhula nokunakekela izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda:
- Izindlela ezehlukene zokulima: ezibhebhethini ze-peat, enkonzweni nasemaphepheni angasese.
- Zonke izici zokuhlwanyela ngokwezikhalenda zenyanga.
- Imithetho yegolide yokukhula kusuka enzalweni.
- Izici zokulima ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zaseRussia: ema-Urals, eSiberia nasesifundazweni saseMoscow.
