Amagilebhisi akhula endaweni yokushisa: kunganjani izithelo? Ubuqili bokuthambisa nokondla ubuchwepheshe

Phakathi neminyaka Amagilebhisi aseyisibonakaliso sokuzala, umthombo wamavithamini azuzisayo kanye nezinto eziphambili zokukhiqiza iwayini.

Umnikazi wesivini ngeke ahlale esilahlekile, ikakhulukazi uma enakekela kahle isivuno esizayo. Esikhathini sethu, amagilebhisi ukukhula ngempumelelo njengesiko lokubamba ukushisa, okubangela isikhathi esifushane sasehlobo, isimo sezulu esishisayo sokuqala, isikhathi esiningi sehlobo lokushisa ama-frosts.

Izinzuzo zokukhula endaweni yokushisa

Ukuvuna kwamagilebhisi endaweni yokushisa kubalulekile kokubili endaweni ephakathi yaseRussia nakwezindawo eziseningizimu. Esikhathini sokuqala kungakhula izinhlobongubani ongenawo isikhathi sokuvuthwa emhlabathini ovulekile, futhi eningizimu ungathola isivuno samajikijolo ngaphambi kwesikhathi esiphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokhu:

• ukukhula ezimweni zokushisa kukuvumela ukuvikela isitshalo ekubunzima kwemvelo (imvula, umoya, ubhubhe, izinguquko zokushisa);
• kulula kakhulu ukunakekela, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasekwindla;
• ukunambitheka ikhwalithi lamajikijolo akubi nakakhulu lezo ezivuthwa ezitshalweni ezivulekile;
• amajikijolo aphansi kancane, ngoba avikelwe emvula.
• indawo yokukhosela ikuvumela ukuba uvikele ezinambuzaneni nasezinyoni, nakuzo izifo eziningi nezinambuzane. Inani lemithi yamakhemikhali ngokumelene ne-mildew, i-oidium inciphise;
• eduze kwamagilebhisi Ungatshala ezinye izitshalo phakathi kwemigqa: ama-strawberries, ama-radishes, i-turnips, imifino (i-parsley, anyanisi, i-dill, i-basil);
• ngezinye izikhathi balimi egumbini elifanayo ikhulile ama-tulips kanye nezinye izimbali ezinobuthi ukuze kudayiswe ngokuqhubekayo.

Ukukhetha izinhlobonhlobo

Ezimweni zokushisa, ungakhula izinhlobo ezahlukene zemagilebhisi. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwabalimi bewayini kubonisa ukuthi impumelelo enkulu phakathi kwabo yizinhlobonhlobo zetafula ezinesikhathi sokuvuthwa zakuqala noma zakuqala:

IBulgaria igxilile (INdlovukazi yaseParis) - Amagilebhisi ase-Bulgarian amber-yellow. Iphikisana kakhulu nezifo, ayidingi impova yemikhiqizo, ithwala izithelo kahle.

Ingoma (Ummangaliso Omhlophe) - unesikhathi sokuvuthwa kakhulu. Amajikijolo akhulu, ushukela, umbala ophuzi obomvu.

Laura - inikeza izinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza, lihlukile kumaqoqo amakhulu kanye namajikijolo anamanzi. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle, ubuningi bamaqoqo ngabanye bangafinyelela ku-2-2.4 kg.

Okungafani - ibanga elihle lokusetshenziswa kokudla, ukulungiselela izitsha zendlu neziphuzo. Amajikijolo avuthiwe ushukela futhi anomsindo.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo, ungakhetha: Arcadia, Early North, Russian Korinka, Moscow Esimeme, Michurinsky nabanye.

Abanye abalimi bazuza izithombo ezahlukene eziphoqelela izinkathiokuyinto ikuvumela ukuba uthole isivuno kuyo yonke inkathi efudumele kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile. Ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo zakuqala ngezinye kamuva.

Izidingo zokushisa

Indlela yokutshala amagilebhisi ku-greenhouse? Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukutshala izivini kudingeka khetha ikamelo elifanele.

• Izakhiwo ezihlotshisiwe zibhekwa njengeziphumelela kakhulu. Lezi zivame ukukhethwa ukuze zikhule izimbali;
• Ukuphakama kwesibamba sokushisa kumele kube kusuka kumabili nengxenye kuya kwamamitha amathathu. Indawo ephelele ikhethiwe ngokusekelwe emigomo yokulima. Ukudla amajikijolo kanye nokulungiselela amalungiselelo ikamelo elincane lizokwenza, futhi ukudayiswa indawo yayo ingaba ngamamitha angaphezu kwangu-20-30.

Indlela yokwakha nokuqinisa ukushisa okuvela ku-polycarbonate, ukulungisa, ukuxhuma (kudonga), kusuka kumafenisha amafasitela noma ukhethe ukushisa okwenziwe ngomumo, kanye nendlela yokuhlela kahle isakhiwo kusayithi, ungacacisa kuwebhusayithi yethu.

Izinhlobo zokugcina izithelo zamagilebhisi:

1. Ifilimu - ifanelekile kahle njengendawo yokuhlala yonyaka. Zikuvumela ukuba uvikele lesi sitshalo emagqabeni emvelo, ukusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwayo nokukhula, ukuze uthole isivuno esingcono.
2. Indawo yokuhlala yasePolycarbonate - kufanelekile nge-off-season (unyaka wonke). Zifakwe isakhiwo esixhasayo kanye nemigodi ekhethekile yokuphuza umoya.

Izitolo ezikhethekile zinikeza izinhlobo eziningi zemiklamo engathengwa kusayithi. Kumklamo ngamunye imiyalelo ehlanganisiwe yomhlangano futhi usebenzise. Amanye amafemu abuye anikele ngezinsizakalo zomhlangano ezakhiweni ezinjalo.

Lokhu kwandisa izindleko zemali, kodwa kuncishisa ukuhlupheka nokuchitha isikhathi. Abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukwenza imiklamo enjalo ngokuzimela ezindleleni ezingalungile, ngoba ligcina imali libiza izikhathi ezingu-4-5.

Umsebenzi wokulungiselela

Qaphela umsebenzi wokulungiselela lokho kumele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuphuma izithombo:

1. Imivini ingaba kokubili ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo nangaphandle. Kulokhu, isitshalo esiyinhloko sesitshalo kufanele singene endaweni evinjiwe, ngakho-ke imbobo yenziwa engxenyeni engezansi kodonga.
2. Lungisa inhlabathi. Ukukhula isitshalo esifanele, esilahlekile, esilula, okungenziwa emhlabeni, isanti, i-loam, i-peat, i-choki echotshoziwe (ngesilinganiso samagremu angama-90 kwesibili ibhakede leshumi elilodwa le-litre lomhlabathi) namaminerali omanyolo.
   Ukuze isitshalo sikhule izimpande ezijulile ezijulile kunconywa ukuba uthele ingxube emgodini ojulile olungiselelwe.
3. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi ekamelweni kufanele lifudumele kunaphandle. Ukushisa okukhulu kungatholakala ngokusebenzisa ukushisa okufakelwayo.
4. Ukuvikela isitshalo ekushiseni kwelanga ngaphakathi uhlelo lokusekela ucingo oluxubile (endaweni enezingqimba) ngezikhathi ezingama-20-30 cm. Kulesi simo, ucingo oluphezulu lubekwe ku-35-40 cm ngaphansi kwe-ridge futhi okungenani ngu-35 cm kusuka engilazini.
5. Qinisekisa ukuthi unakekele amanzi amanzi. Uma kungenjalo, beka amapayipi ngaphezu kwalokho.

Izici zokufika

Ubuchwepheshe bezithelo zomvini ezikhulayo ku-greenhouse, kufaka imithetho eminingi:

• izihlahla ezincane ziqala ukutshala ekupheleni kwebusika;
• Uhlelo lokutshala amagilebhisi ku-greenhouse kanje: umgodi ojulile nobanzi ugciniwe wokutshala (okungenani u-35-40 cm). Ngaphansi kwe-fossa phakathi ungenza isilonda esincane (njengokuhlwanyela i-apula), hlanganisa isithombo esibukweni ngaphakathi, uqondise izimpande, usimboze ngenhlabathi, ubeke kancane futhi uthele;
• Ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyinto efiselekayo ukwethula iziqu eziphilayo (umquba, umquba ovuthiwe).
• qaphela ibanga phakathi kwezithombo, okumele kube okungenani ama-50-65 cm umvini uzothola isikhala esanele ukuthuthukiswa nokubunjwa kwe-stem eyinhloko.
• Ungakhohlwa ukubheka ukuvela kwezinhlanzi ezincane nezimpande ngaphambi kokutshala. Isitshalo kumele sibe nempilo enamandla.

Ukunciphisa imithetho

Emva kokutshala izithombo zidinga ukuqhuba pasynkovanie. Nquma amahlumela abuthakathaka ukuze isitshalo singasisebenzisi amandla ngesikhathi sokukhula, futhi sithumele amahlumela enempilo.

I-Inflorescences nezimbali ezingavuthiwe njengoba kudingeka kufanele futhi zisuswe. Ukudubula iziqu ezingenalutho ezenziwa ezingeni lama 5 amaqabunga. Ukuze uthole amahlumela okwesibili - kuze kube seqabeni lokuqala.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuqoqa kwamaqoqo. Izikhali ezihlabayo ziqede ngokucophelela amajikijolo angaphakathi, futhi yiziphi izinhlayiyana ezincane ezikhishwa emvinini. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngesandla sivotela amagilebhisi.. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vele uthume amahlumela ngokukhululekile.

Ekwindla, amagatsha amade anqunywe kuze kube sezingeni lokuqala, futhi iziqu zihlukaniswa yizinxenye ezimbili kokuthathu lonke ubude.

Ukunisela nokudla

Izici zokunisela:

1. Ukuchelela kokuqala kwenziwa ngemuva kokutshala.
2. Khona-ke, ukugcina umswakama omuhle womhlabathi, izihlahla ezincane ziphuziswa kanye njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-6-7.
3. Phakathi nenkathi yezimbali, ukuchelela kuyamiswa, njengesikhathi sokubunjwa kwamajikijolo. Umswakama owedlulele uzothinta kakhulu izinga lezitshalo.
4. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi kusihlwa samagilebhisi okushisa abamba ukushisa anganisela. Umswakama okweqile emoyeni kuzoholela ekuvuneni amajikijolo.

Umanyolo:

• sebenzisa ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-nitrogenous ngokucophelela;
• ngaphambi kokutshala kuyisifiso sokwenza umquba ophilayo;
• Ngesikhathi sokuphuza i-bud, i-ammonium nitrate ingafakwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe amaqabunga amahle kanye nokuhlelwa kweqabunga, futhi i-superphosphate ngaphambi kokuchichima;
• ngaphezu kokukhula okuqhubekayo, kusetshenziselwa umanyolo kuphela we-fertilizer. I-Superphosphate nomlotha isetshenziselwa emva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokumbali.

Izithelo zomvini

Ngaphambi kokushisa kwezulu kuqala, isitshalo sidinga Fihla ngaphansi kwekhava (maphakathi no-Okthoba).

Ukwenza lokhu, imivini iphikisiwe emhlabathini, ihlanganiswe ngogatsha olukhulu lwamagatsha ase-spruce nokuphahlazeka.

Ungayisebenzisa futhi njengento yokuhlanganisa. izingubo zokulala, i-sintepon, i-sawdust.

Uma uphahla lwe-greenhouse isuswe, lesi sitshalo singabusika emoyeni ngaphansi kweqhwa.

Izinkinga zokuhluma

Kungani kungenjalo izithelo zomvini ezitsheni zokushisa?

• ukungabi namsoco (i-zinc, i-manganese, i-boron) - qala ukudla kahle isitshalo;
• isimo esingeke senzeke singase senzeke-okunye okunye okuyi-fertilizer nitrogenous.

  Kulesi simo isitshalo sinikeza wonke amandla ekwakheni izithelo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezimbi noma ezingafaki amajikijolo nhlobo;

• kuthinta isivuno nokukhwabanisa ubuchwepheshe. Nge-pea, hhayi amajikijolo avuthiwe aholela ekunciphiseni kwemivini. Kubuye kulandele ufeze izihlahla zamasimu.

Ukuvuna kwamagilebhisi endaweni yokushisa kuyisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi esithatha isikhathi esiningi nomzamo. Kodwa, umphumela uwufanele. Ukulungiswa kahle kwesakhiwo, ukunamathela ekutshaleni ubuchwepheshe nokunakekelwa okuhle kuzokuvumela ukuba uthole isivuno esisheshayo, esiningi, esihlwabusayo!

Amavidiyo awusizo mayelana namagilebhisi akhula ku-greenhouse: