Ukukhetha insimu yomsebenzi ebhizinisini, qaphela ukutshala kwamahlathi. Njengoba wakha ukushisa okuhle, ungakwazi ukudubula izivuno eziningana ngonyaka futhi kuhle kakhulu ukuthola. Ukuze uphumelele, kubalulekile ukukhetha amasiko athandwa kakhulu futhi uhlele kahle iziteshi zokusabalalisa.
Izidingo zomkhaya zingagcinwa esitokisini esincane sokushisa noma ukushisa kwama-greenhouse.
Kodwa labo abahlela ukusungula oxhumana nabo ngezitolo bese bethengisa imifino eminyakeni eqinile, badinga zokugcina izitshaloifakwe ngokuvumelana nemithetho. Zikuvumela ukuba utshale imbewu futhi uvune izitshalo unyaka wonke.
Izithombo zokugcina eziluhlaza: imibono engcono kakhulu evela kubalimi
Indlela yokutshala imifino ebamba lokushisa unyaka wonke ibhizinisi? Izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu yokutshala okuhlaza okwenziwe yi-polycarbonate enezingqimba ezimbili ezenziwe ngensimbi engenasici. Bakha umphumela we-thermo, ukugcina izinga lokushisa elihle kusuka ku-15 kuya kuma-28ºC.
Ingilazi yindlala kakhulu futhi iyabiza, futhi ifilimu yepulasitiki ayihlinzeki ngokushisa okushisayo ekamelweni. Izindlu zokugcina izitshalo zinezinga elimangalisayo (kusuka emahektha angu-0.5 nangaphezulu). Abalimi abamemezelayo kufanelekile ukwakha ukwakhiwa kwamamitha ayisishiyagalombili kuya ku-120. m, esikhathini esizayo abamba ukushisa kungasulwa.
Ukuma kwezithombo zokugcina zokulima kungase kuhluke. Ezindaweni ezibandayo, izakhiwo ezakhiwe zithandwa kakhulu, zinikeza ukuthuka okuhle futhi zingavumeli iqhwa ukuba liqoqe ophahleni. Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa izindawo zokugcina zokugcina zokugcoba. Ukulima emhlabathini Izakhiwo eziphansi zizokwenza, ukubhebhezela izithombo zokugcina izithombo ezinamandla amaningi.
Ibhizinisi elihlaza: izinzuzo nezinsalela
Ukunquma ukutshala ama-greener endaweni yezimboni, kubalulekile ukwazi kusengaphambili mayelana nezinzuzo nezingozi ibhizinisi elifanayo.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo zaleli bhizinisi:
- ikhono lokudubula izivuno eziningana ngonyaka;
- izindawo zokugcina izithombo zifanele nanoma yiziphi izinhlanga eziluhlaza, kusukela ekujwayelekeni ukuya ekudleni;
- phezulu isidingo semifino esisha;
- ebusika nasekuseni kwentwasahlobo umkhawulo ukwandisa kakhulu futhi inzuzo iyanda;
- ukulima okunokwenzeka nge hydroponic, aeroponic noma inhlabathi indlela;
- ibhizinisi lifanelana nabantu ukungabi nolwazi oluningi kwezolimo;
- izithombo zokugcina izithombo zinciphisa ingozi yezivuno eziphansi.
Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezicacile, ibhizinisi lineminye imikhawulo:
- izindleko eziphakeme zokwakhiwa nokushisa kwama-greenhouses;
- ehlobo, kunomncintiswano omkhulu ovela kumninikhaya;
- umkhiqizo ongcolileokwandisa izinga lokulahla;
- kudinga inani elikhulu lomanyolo okwandisa inani lokudla komsoco;
- ukwandisa imali engenayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi usebenze ngemikhiqizo emikhulu yemikhiqizo futhi ukwandise njalo.
Yini okufanele ikhuliswe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo?
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bakholelwa ukuthi imifino ekhula ukhetho oluthembisayo kakhulu ibhizinisi lokushisa. Amasiko aluhlaza akhula ngokushesha, ukunambitheka akushintshe kungakhathaliseki indlela yokulima.
Phakathi kwezitshalo ikakhulukazi zidinga:
- Anyanisi aluhlaza. Ngokuba izinhlobo ezimilayo ezifanelekile ze-hybrid ezingafaki ama-bulb. Esigodini sokushisa sitshala izinhlobo ezahlukene: batun, slizun, chives. Izimila azikho futhi ukufuna ukukhanyisa, kodwa badinga inombolo enkulu yezimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi nezomanyolo eziphilayo. Ama-anyanisi ahlaza angakhula ngendlela ehambisana ne-hydroponically noma i-aeroponic.
- Dill. Kukhiqiza kakhulu, kukhula ngokushesha futhi kudinga ukusika njalo. Ukukhula kudinga umswakama omuhle nokukhanyisa.
- I-Parsley. Ukulima endaweni yokugcina izithombo usebenzisa amaqabunga ajwayelekile kanye ne-curly parsley, okudingeka kakhulu ezitolo. Kakhulu kakhulu efuna ukudla okunomsoco kwenhlabathi, ukuchelela nokukhanyisa. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ukukhula kuyayeka.
- Lettuce Leaf. Noma yikuphi ukuhluka okufanele ukukhula, kodwa i-Iceberg ekhula ngokushesha, i-oak-leaved, kanye nesifiso sithandwa kakhulu. Isaladi ikhula kahle kuma hydroponics, idinga umanyolo amaningi namanzi.
Isiqondiso esithembisayo kakhulu - ukulima kwamahlathi emafotsheni amancane epulasitiki. Lezi ziqukathi zifakwa kuma cassette futhi zingandisa kakhulu impilo yezinto ezimilayo emashalofini.
I-dill, i-lettuce ne-parsley ezitsheni ziheha futhi zithengwa ngokuzithandela.
Inani lentengo ngale ndlela yokukhula cishe kufana nezendabuko, kanye nemikhawulo kule hlobo lomkhiqizo ziphakeme kakhulu. Ezimbizeni awukwazi ukukhula hhayi kuphela imifino ejwayelekile, kodwa futhi nezinhlobonhlobo zemifino ebabayo: i-mint, i-lemon balm, i-anise, i-cilantro, i-basil, i-rosemary, i-thyme.
Imishini yokushisa
Izindlu zokugcina izitshalo ngokuvamile sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-hydroponic. Zikuvumela ukuba usindise isikhala ngokuphawulekayo futhi unciphise izindleko zemikhiqizo eqedile. Izimila zitshalwe ngezixazululo zamanzi ezinomsoco, ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwenhlabathi.
Enye indlela ukulima umhlabathi. Ngaphandle kwezindonga zezitshalo zokugcina izithombo zifakwe nge-substrate enezakhi lapho imbewu ihlwanyelwa khona. Ukutshala ishalofu kwenza kube lula ukugcina ukushisa, ukwandisa izitshalo kuphela ngamamitha ayi-square. m zokugcina izithombo.
Ukushisa ifakwe uhlelo lokushayela nokushisa. Izindlu zokugcina izitshalo zivutha ngamapayipi abeka ngaphansi komhlaba. Ukuze unciphise izindleko zokushisa kagesi, izindlela ezintsha ezintsha zisetshenziselwa: ama-biofuels, amapaneli we-solar, ukusetshenziswa kwezingcingo ze-infrared. Kungcono ukushisa isakhiwo ngendlela ehlangene, usebenzisa izindlela eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Izindlu zokugcina izitshalo, ezenzelwe ukulima kwenhlabathi, kufanele zibe ifakwe uhlelo lokunisela. Ukukhanyisa kubaluleke kakhulu. Isibani ngaphansi kwesilingwane asanele, udinga ukukhanyisa kwendawo kumuntu ngamunye we-rack.
Ukuze inhlangano yenkambiso eqhubekayo inconywa inkatho ye-seeding. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uthathe isivuno, ugweme ukupheka ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kokuvuna inhlabathi ixubene nomanyolo, ikhululiwe ngokucophelela, ichithe futhi ihlwanyela nge-batch entsha.
Izindleko, imiholo kanye nenzuzo: imithetho yokubala
Lapho kubalwa inzuzo kubalulekile ukucabangela zonke izindleko, kokubili isikhathi esisodwa nenyanga. Lezi zihlanganisa:
- ukuqashwa komhlaba;
- ukubhaliswa kwenhlangano esemthethweni;
- ukwakhiwa kanye nemishini yokugcina izithombo;
- ukuthenga izinto zokutshala kanye namanyolo;
- ukusebenzisa imali kagesi namanzi;
- ukukhokha intela;
- umholo wabasebenzi abaqashiwe;
- ukupakisha nokulayishwa;
- izindleko zokuthumela ukulethwa kwemikhiqizo eqediwe.
Ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa zingasuswa ngaphandle kokulinganisa. Isibonelo abanikazi bomhlaba ngeke isetshenziswe ekuqashweni, nezindawo zokugcina ezincane akudingi abasizi abashadilelokho akubandakanyi izindleko zemiholo. Ukupakisha okufakiwe kudingekile kumafemu amakhulu abhalisile uphawu lokuhweba futhi athengisa ngamaketanga okuthengisa.
Ngokwezibalo zabachwepheshe, izindleko zendawo eyodwa yokushisa e-polycarbonate ngamamitha ayizigremu ayizikhulu eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-100,000. Ukuqala kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-100 000. Ama-ruble ayi-10 000 kuzodingeka uchithe ekutshaleni impahla, okungenani ama-ruble angu-15 000 azodingwa ukushisa.
Inzuzo ixhomeke enkambeni ekhethiwe nendlela yokusebenzisa. Inketho enenzuzo kunazo zonke ukudayisa ngempahla yokudayisa noma izibopho zokudlela. Ehlobo, i-kilogram yemifino ingaba ngama-ruble angu-80,000, ebusika intengo iphakama ibe yi-ruble engu-150,000. Lokhu kukhula kuhlotshaniswa nokwehla kokunikezwa nokuntuleka komncintiswano kusuka emapulazini angasese.
Inzuzo yebhizinisi lemifino ekhulayo ayikho kakhulu. Ngokwezilinganiso ezihlukahlukene, ithola kusukela ku-15 kuya ku-25%. Izitshalo zokushisa ezimboni zikhokha eminyakeni engu-2-3, babuyele epulazini lokushisa ubukhulu obuphakathi - Iminyaka engu-1.5-2. Ukuzuza kuningi kakhulu ezindaweni ezifudumele.
Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, izindleko zokutshala ama-greenhouse zanda kakhulu, ukunciphisa inzuzo. Ukwakhiwa okwakhiwe kahle, ukwanda kwenethiwekhi yokuthengisa kanye nendlela yokucabangela yokushisa Ukugcina izakhiwo kuzosiza ukunciphisa izindleko.
Ukutshala imifino ebamba lokushisa njengebhizinisi - azinzima kepha asemali ngokweqile inqubo. Ukufeza impumelelo, izimali ezinkulu zokuqala zidingeka. Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo kufanelekile ukucabanga ngesimiso sokuthengisa esicacile futhi ubale zonke izindleko ezizayo. Ukuze uqalise ukwakha indlu encane yokushisa njengendlela yokufundisa. Uma inqubo ihamba kahle, kuyokwazi ukukhulisa kakhulu ipulazi layo.
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