Abaningi abahileleke ekulimeni bazama njalo ukuthola zonke izindlela zokukhulisa umkhiqizo wemikhiqizo esekhulile futhi kube lula ukutshala nokutshala izitshalo. Kulokhu, ukutshala utamatisi - akunjalo.
Enye yezinto ezitholakala ekuqaleni kule ndawo kwakhula utamatisi ngezibhakede ezivamile. Ekuboneni kokuqala, le ndlela ayiyona engavamile, kodwa kakade isikhathi eside sithandwa, sigcwalise izilinganiso zayo nabantu abasha nabasha.
Ngokuqhubekayo sizokutshela ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba sikhule utamatisi uphansi, futhi sizohlinzeka isithombe.
Izinzuzo nezindleko zokuhlelwa kwezomgwaqo kuya phezulu
Ngokuqinisekile ukuze usebenzise indlela eyodwa yokutshala kanye nezitshalo ezikhulayo, udinga ukukala zonke izinzuzo nezingozi, yini okungaphezulu - amaminithi noma ama-pluses kulolu luhlolo olunzima.
Izinzuzo:
- Utamatisi awutholakali kakhulu ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene komhlaba, ikakhulukazi, inkathazo enjenge-bearfish.
- Kukhona ithuba lokutshala izitshalo njalo ngonyaka kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "intsha" (njengoba uyazi, lokhu kuyisivikelo esihle kakhulu sezifo zefungal kanye nama phytophtoras).
Kukhona ukwanda okubonakalayo kwezitshalo ezithela izitshalo (lokhu kuqondiswa ukuthi inhlabathi namanzi amabhakede ashushuthuka ngokushesha, ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo sikhula futhi siqina ngokwengeziwe).- Ukunciphisa ngesikhathi sokuvuna.
- Ukusebenza okunenzuzo kwama-fertilizer (umquba nama-humus) ekulungiseleleni izingxube zobumba ngenxa yokunciphisa okukhulu kwevolumu edingekayo.
- Utamatisi kuziqukathi ezinjengezibhakede zihlala isikhala esingaphansi kakhulu, okwenza impilo ibe lula kubalimi nethuba lokutshala izitshalo eziningi, futhi ungakwazi ukuhambisa amabhakede ngendlela oyithandayo.
- Into enjalo eyingozi njengoba ukhula linyamalalala.
- Izitshalo zokuthuthukisa ukuzala ziwela ngokuphelele izimpande.
- Ingozi eyancipha yokwandisa izifo.
- Ukuvuthwa utamatisi kwenzeka emabhakede amabili kuya kwamasonto amathathu ngaphambili.
- Lapho ukuphuza amanzi kuya ngqo ohlelweni lwezimpande zezitshalo, futhi alufaki ngaphezu kwendawo yomhlabathi.
- Amabhakede ngezikhathi zemvula esheshayo angabekwa ngaphansi kophahla noma athuthelwe kwezinye izindawo ezingasetshenzisiwe.
Kukhona ukwanda okubonakalayo kwezitshalo ezithela izitshalo (lokhu kuqondiswa ukuthi inhlabathi namanzi amabhakede ashushuthuka ngokushesha, ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo sikhula futhi siqina ngokwengeziwe).Usizo Ukutshala utamatisi owehlayo kuyindlela engavamile yokukhulela nokuhlobisa isakhiwo sakho, futhi akudingeki ukuba i-garter njalo nanoma yikuphi ukukhishwa okukhethekile.
Le ndlela yokufika ifaka ukungalungi okungukuthi:
- Ukwanda okuyinkimbinkimbi: udinga ukuchitha umzamo omkhulu, ukubekezela nokusebenza kanzima ngale ndlela yokutamatisi okhulayo.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu lamabhakede (amathangi) ngaphandle kwesisekelo.
- Akuzona zonke izinhlobonhlobo zikatamatisi ezingatshalwa ngamabhakede, kodwa kuphela ama-hybridi kanye nezinhlobo ezinamaqabunga abuthakathaka kanye nesistimu yezimpande ezinamandla (lokhu kufaka izinhlobo eziningi zamatamatisi e-balcony).
- Inqubo yokuphuza idinga ukwenziwa kaningi kakhulu kunamatamatisi etshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile, ngoba izimpande ezinabhakede azikwazi ukufinyelela emhlabathini ovulekile.
- Kumele ukhokhe ngokukhethekile ukuchelela, ngaphandle kwalokho utamatisi ungafa kalula. Kufanele ziphuze ngokucophelela, ngokulinganayo zisakaze inani lomswakama olunikezwa lonke ukujula kwenhlabathi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, hhayi ukuthulukisa okuningi, ngoba utamatisi uyanyamalala ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-oxygen.
- Kumele uqaphele izinga lokushisa, kodwa kuphela uma amabhakede okulima ayakhethwa abamnyama, abamnyama noma abahlaza okomnyama. Ama-rhizomes awashisi kakhulu ekushiseni, amabhakede kufanele ahlanganiswe ngento ekhanyayo, ahlale ekhishwa futhi ehlanzwa ngamanzi abandayo.
Ukulungiselela
Amakhono
Lapho ulungiselela izinto zokutshala utamatisi, okokuqala kufanele uqaphele lokhu:
- Amabhakede ombala. Kungcono ukuthi imibala elula, kodwa uma engekho, amabhakede amnyama kufanele ahlanganiswe ngezinto ezikhanyayo (ezimhlophe) ukuze ama-rhizomes angadluli.
- Umbhalo we-Bucket akubalulekile nhlobo, angenziwa ngepulasitiki noma ensimbi.
- Umbhalo Amabhakede adinga ukuthatha ivolumu okungenani amalitha ayi-10.
- Ikhwalithi Okungenalutho nangesandla sesibili ibhakede libukeka, lingcono. Ukuqhekeka okubanzi, ukugoqa kanye nezimbobo kuthuthukisa ukuqhuma kwamanzi amaningi futhi kuvimbele uhlelo lwempande utamatisi. Endabeni yokusetshenziswa kwamabhakede amasha, kubalulekile ukwenza inqwaba yekhefu nemigodla phansi kanye nasemaphethelweni abo.
Imbewu
Imbewu yamatamatisi idinga ukugxila ngokucophelela ukuze ukhethe okukhulu kunayo yonke ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela emabhakede. Kungenzeka ukuthenga imbewu esitolo esikhethekile noma ukuzibeka kuqala. Kuze kube sekupheleni, kusukela ekuwa kuyadingeka ukushiya utamatisi amancane kakhulu futhi avuthiwe. Imbewu yonyaka odlule ingcono kakhulu izithombo ezikhulayo.
Uma kusetshenziswe imbewu ethengiwe, kubalulekile ukulandela usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Izithombo zizokhula kangcono uma imbewu inomphefumulo omfushane kakhulu.
Izimbewu ezizilungiselele kufanele zifudumale ngokucophelela ngesibani futhi ziphathwe ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Izimbewu ezithengiwe zivame ukwelashwa ngesisombululo esikhethekile.
Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokulungiselela imbewu yamatamatisi yokutshala lapha.
Ezinye izinto
Ukuze ukwandise isivuno sotamatisi, kungcono ukulungiselela kusengaphambili inhlabathi ekhethekile yamatamatisi. ngaphambi kokufika.
- Kusuka ekwindla udinga ukugcwalisa amabhakede nama humus. Ukwakha i-humus sidinga:
- umhlaba ovamile kusukela ensimini (kungcono ukuthatha emibhede yekhukhamba);
- umlotha.
- Khona-ke udinga ukuxuba izingxenye ezingenhla ndawonye bese uzibeka emabhakede. Ngeke kube yinto engafanele ukwengeza izinto ezikhethekile ukuze izinqubo ezisenhlabathini zenzeke ngokunamandla kakhulu.
Ingxube elandelayo kufanele ithululwe ngamanzi bese ishiya lonke ubusika kanye namabhakede ku-greenhouse.- Zingafakwa nganoma yisiphi indlela esikahle noma zigwazwe phansi kuze kube ngamasentimitha angama-20.
- Ngaso sonke isikhathi udinga ukuthululela iqhwa libe ngamabhakede ukuze umhlaba uqede ngokuphelele. Lapho iqhwa licibilika entwasahlobo, inhlabathi igcwele amanzi aqhakazile.
- Ngokuqondene nenhlabathi, kungenzeka futhi uthele udaka olwandisiwe libe ngamabhakede noma ulumboze ngezingcezu ezincane zamapulangwe endala, ukuze kube khona ukufinyelela umoya emoyeni ohlelweni lwezamatamatisi. Okulandelayo udinga ukuqala ukubeka:
- isendlalelo sokuqala ngesimo sezinsalela ze-hay, utshani, izinsalela zokudla;
- isendlalelo sesibili sesihlabathi ngokufakwa kwezigesi ezimbili zomlotha;
- ungqimba ophezulu - inhlabathi yensimu.
- Kudingeka uthule umhlaba ngamanzi amaningi afudumele. Ungasebenzisa futhi inqubo yokwehla i-lime, okuzoholela ekushiseni okuqinile futhi uthele amanzi abilayo. Ukufudumala okunjalo kwezwe kuzovumela izithombo zokutshala nokuvunwa kangcono nangaphambili ngesikhathi.
- Emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, udinga ukutshala izitshalo ezimbili noma ezintathu ebhakedeni elilodwa ngevolumu yamalitha ayishumi.
Ingxube elandelayo kufanele ithululwe ngamanzi bese ishiya lonke ubusika kanye namabhakede ku-greenhouse.Usizo! Ukutshala kungaba umanyolo owodwa kuphela womanyolo ngaphambi kokuvuna utamatisi. Ungabuye usebenzise lolu hlobo lomanyolo, njenge-magnesium sulfate. Kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo lapho kuqala iqhwa eliqhakazile noma lingene emgodini lapho utshala, cishe i-isipuni esisodwa ibhakede lomhlaba.
Indlela yokukhulisa phansi: imiyalo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo
- Ukuze utamatisi okhulayo ngale ndlela kungcono ukuphoqa amabhakede epulasitiki ngevolumu lama-20 amalitha anephethe.
- I-bottom ibhakede leplastiki kufanele likhishwe ukuze uthole imbobo mayelana no-8 cm ububanzi bese uyibeka ezisekelweni ezimbili ukwenza kube lula ukufinyelela phansi.
- Ngaphandle kwezindonga zithangi kudingeka ubeke inhlabathi ekhethekile ngamanyolo. Ingxenye engezansi yesitshalo kufanele ithulwe ngobumnene emgodini, futhi ngaphandle kufanele kushiywe isiqu cishe ngo-4-5 cm. Ngakho-ke, ezolimo zizovala.
- Khona-ke udinga ukugcwalisa kancane ibhakede ngenhlabathi, futhi i-substrate kufanele ihlanganiswe kahle, ifafaze izimpande zezitshalo zibe ngu-5-6 cm.
- Okulandelayo udinga ukungeza isendlalelo esilandelayo se-compost.
- Ibhakede kufanele lifafaze futhi ngomhlabathi ukuze izinga le-substrate liphansi ngamamentimitha amaningana emaphethelweni esitsha.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, ibhakede kumele lifakwe endaweni lapho lizohlala khona.
- Kubalulekile ukuthululela i-substrate kangangokuthi amanzi avela kuzo zonke izimbobo ezisebhange. Uma, ngemuva kokuchelela, umhlabathi usuhlehlile kancane, khona-ke lokhu kujwayelekile.
Ibhakede lingagubungelwa isembozo, kepha hhayi ngokuqinile ukuze kungabi nokukhuphuka ngokweqile. Ngaphambi kokuphuza ikhava kufanele isuswe.
Isithombe
Lapha ungabona izithombe zamatamatisi zibheke phansi emabhakede:
Indlela yokunakekela utamatisi?
- Utamatisi udinga ukondliwa izikhathi eziningana phakathi nonyaka.
- Kumele kube nomoya ophezulu wokushisa okuphezulu, kodwa izinga lokushisa akufanele lidlule ama-degrees Celsius angu-30.
- Kubalulekile ukukhula ukhula futhi uthinte izitshalo ngesikhathi sokugwema ukuqina.
- Kudingeka ukhiqize ngokucophelela ukuchelela emthonjeni wezotamatisi, hhayi ukuwela esitshaleni ngokwawo.
- Izitshalo ze-tomato ezincane zidinga ukuphuziswa ebhakede ngokwayo, futhi izitshalo ezinamandla kakade kufanele zithathelwe ukugqoka okuphezulu kanye namanzi kokubili ebhakedeni naphansi kwebhakede (uma amabhakede egujwa).
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu kumele kwenziwe kathathu ngesizini ngasinye.
Yimuphi umphumela okufanele ulindeleke?
Lapho ukhula utamatisi ngamabhakede, izithelo zivuthwe amasonto ambalwa ngaphambili kunendlela evamile. Utamatisi wanoma yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhuliswe ngamabhakede zikhula ezinkulu futhi zilinganiselwa ku-1 kilogram.
Izithelo aziqhekeki, futhi inyama yazo yinde kakhulu kunezo ezikhula emhlabathini ovulekile noma ezitsheni zokushisa. Ngokuqondene nenani lezithelo, lezi utamatisi ziphakeme kakhulu kunabo "abafowabo" abakhula emibhedeni evulekile.
Amaphutha avamile lapho ehlaselwa phansi
- Amaphutha okunakekelwa Inhlabathi ingase isetshenziswe ngamabhakede ngesikhathi esishisayo kakhulu ngenxa yokukhuphuka okusheshayo komswakama. Futhi lapho bekhula, abalimi abaningi benza ukuphuza okungalungile, okungaholela ekufeni kwetamatisi emabhakede. Utamatisi ngamabhakede adinga ukuchelela okuvamile futhi okuvamile kunalokho okukhulile emhlabathini ovulekile.
- Ukukhulelwa ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi utamatisi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wathola magnesium. Lapho ukuzila ukudla kwe-magnesium kwenziwa ukondla i-magnesium sulfate (0.5%).
- Ukuvimbela izifo ezinganele. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukutholakala kwezifo ku-utamatisi, hhayi ukuphatha izitshalo zezifo. Asikho isidingo sokulinda izimpawu zokulimala nokulimala okuhlukahlukene.
- Ukujula kokutshala imbewu yamatamatisi. Endabeni yokutshala imbewu emabhakede kakhulu, angeke akhuphuke nhlobo.
Lapho ukhula utamatisi ngamabhakede, abalimi bathola isivuno esihle kakhulu. Wonke umuntu unelungelo lokunquma ukusebenzisa izindlela zendabuko noma ubuchwepheshe obusha.
Futhi kusuka kule vidiyo ungafunda ngamaphutha kungenzeka futhi uxazulule izinkinga:
