Utamatisi ungenye yemifino eyintandokazi etholakala cishe kuwo wonke umlimi. Ngaphandle kokulingana okulungile, kufanele bazinakekele kahle. Izimfihlo eziyinhloko zokuthandana kufanele zaziwe kunoma ubani ofuna ukuthola isivuno esicebile nesinambithekayo, hhayi ukushaywa yizinambuzane noma izifo.
Emva kokufunda lesi sihloko, uzofunda ukuthi ungayinisela kahle kanjani imbewu, ukondla, ugeze, uphake, uphinde uhlume futhi uthathe utamatisi, futhi ukhulule kanjani futhi uhlanganise umhlabathi futhi uvikele isitshalo kusuka ezinambuzane nezifo.
Indlela yokunakekela utamatisi?
Ukuvuna okuhle utamatisi akatholakali ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okufanele ngesikhathi esifanele. Kunemisebenzi ethile, ukusetjenziswa kwayo okunomthelela omkhulu esikhathini esikukhulayo. Izithombo ezitshaliwe zidinga njalo:
- amanzi;
- ukhula;
- ukukhulula;
- ukuphakelayo;
- bamba.
Ukunisela imbewu
Kulephutha futhi umswakama utamatisi okweqile usabela ngokulingana, ngakho kufanele baphuze lapho lapho inhlabathi yoma. Ngaphambi kokutshala, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe kanye ngesonto, ngokushesha nje lapho izithelo ziqala ukubeka izikhathi ezingu-2-3. Uma kunesidingo sokuphuza ngaphandle kwansuku zonke noma zonke izinsuku. Kunconywa ukwenza lo msebenzi ekuseni noma kusihlwa, okungcono kangcono ngoba umhlaba uzoba manzi isikhathi eside.
Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo emanzini kunconywa ukuba wengeze umuthi wokhuni. Futhi uma i-ovary ibonakala, ingadluliselwa nxazonke ehlathini. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuthuthukiseni i-fruiting.
Umanyolo kanye namanyolo
Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-10-12 emva kokutshala utamatisi badinga ukondla. Inhlanganisela yeziqu zemvelo kanye nezamaminerali ithathwa njengomanyolo.:
- Umquba oyingxenye 1;
- 8-9 izingxenye zamanzi;
- Amagremu angu-20 we-superphosphate.
Ibhakede elilodwa laleli khambi kufanele lisetshenziswe ezihlahleni eziyi-10 zamatamatisi.
Ngonyaka wonke okhulayo, utamatisi udinga ukondla kathathu ngosuku. Uma zikhula emhlabathini onomsoco ompofu, kufanele zifakwe umanyolo 1 isikhathi emavikini amabili nama-mineral kanye nama-organic agents enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-phosphorus ne-potassium. Kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise umquba omningi okukhona kuwo:
- i-zinc;
- i-boron;
- i-magnesium;
- ithusi.
Ungenza ukwakheka okulandelayo ngokuxuba:
- 10 amalitha amanzi;
- 30-40 amagremu we-potassium chloride;
- 50-60 amagremu we-superphosphate;
- 15 amagremu we-ammonium nitrate.
Lapho ukhipha ama-inflorescences nama-ovari, utamatisi udinga i-boron. Ukuphalaza ngesisombululo se-boric acid 1 g ngalinye 1 litre amanzi kuzosiza. Isixazululo esebenzisa izinyoni zezinyoni kuphazamisa ngokuphelele ukuthuthukiswa kwezihlahla.
Sikumema ukuba ubuke ividiyo mayelana nokudla kokuqala kwetamatisi:
Masking
Kunconywa ukwenza le nqubo, uma kungenjalo isihlahla siba yimagatsha amakhulu, izithelo zivame ukuba zincane noma zingenaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi isitshalo esinamalungu amakhulu samandla akwanele kuwo wonke ama-ovari. Amahlumela engenamsebenzi kufanele asuswe uma afinyelela ubude buka 3-5 cm.. Uma sezivele zikhulu kakhulu, aziqondi. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Ungakwazi ukuqeda amahlumela engeziwe njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-10.
Sikumema ukuba ubuke ividiyo mayelana nokukhishwa kwetamatisi:
Ukuphalaza ngokumelene nezinambuzane
Utamatisi kufanele uchithelwa kokubili ngezinhloso zokuvimbela futhi uma izinambuzane zitholwa. Izitshalo eziqhamuka kahle ngaphambi kokutshala insiza enkingeni yezinambuzaneIsibonelo, i-Aktar, lokhu kuzokusiza ukuwavikela kusuka:
- i-aphid;
- Kwangathi i-beetle;
- i-wireworm.
Ngaphambi kokuba kufike isikhathi se-fruiting, kunconywa ukuphatha lesi sifungane ngokumelene nezifo ze-fungal (i-Ridomil Gold, i-Quadris). Usizo oluhle lungcolisa ukumnika:
- i-garlic;
- umlotha wokhuni;
- i-anyanisi ikhasi.
Ukulima nokukhuphula
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bacebisa kancane ukuba bakhulule inhlabathi ngemuva kokuphuza, behla cishe ngo-3 cm. Ngenxa yale nqubo, i-oksijeni izonikezwa izimpande, futhi umswakama uzogcinwa emhlabathini. Ukukhululeka kwenziwa isikhathi esingu-1 enyangeni yenyanga, futhi uyeke ngokukhula kwamahlathi futhi unciphise ibanga phakathi kwemigqa. Kunengqondo uma le nqubo izohlanganiswa ne-weeding. Kumane kudingekile ukulwa nokhula, ngoba izinambuzane ziyabathanda, futhi ngenxa yazo kuthunjwa isithunzi.
Ukulimala kuyindlela edingekayo yokutshala utamatisi.okuyinto eyenza ukwakheka kwezimpande ezintsha, ezakhiwe kusukela engxenyeni engezansi kwe-stem, kodwa kuphela enhlabathini emanzi. Kudingekile ukuba uhlahlele isihlahla isikhathi esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuqala lokhu kwenziwa uma ngemuva kokutshala izithombo kuyoba izinsuku ezingu-14-21, okwesibini - kwamanye amaviki amabili. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlanganisa hilling nge weeding nokukhululeka.
Ukwakha amahlathi kanye namaqabunga aqhekezayo
Ukunakekela utamatisi akufanele ukukhohlwe ngokubunjwa kwehlathiokuyinto equkethe ukuxuba ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi pinching phezulu phezulu. Ukwenziwa kwenziwa ngalezo zinhlobonhlobo ze utamatisi, okuyinto igatsha. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwakha amahlathi emanothini angu-1, 2 noma amathathu. Uma ukhetha okukhethwa kukho, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinhlobonhlobo nezimo sezulu zicatshangelwa. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu esitshalweni, ungashiya iziqu ezengeziwe, kodwa kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi izithelo ezakha ohlangothini oluthile ziyoba ezincane.
- Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ukuze uthole isivuno esihle sotamatisi ensimini, udinga ukudala isihlahla esiyi-1 stem, ushiye ama-brushes 2-3 kuso. Kubalulekile ukususa bonke abantwana bokutholwa, into yokuqala labo abakhulele ngaphansi kwezibhamu.
- Uma udala isihlahla emahlathini amabili, kutholakala i-shootal lateral, eyakhiwa eduze kwebhayisikili yokuqala. Uma ukhetho luwela endleleni yesithathu, ke abalimi bayelulekwa ukuba bashiye isinyathelo esiphezulu kunabo bonke, abangaphansi kwebhayisikili yesibili.
- Inqubo yokukhipha amahlumela okweqile kufanele kwenziwe njalo, kodwa hhayi eshisayo. Isitshalo ngaleso sikhathi asibekezeli ukulimala. Ukukhipha izingane zokutholwa kufanele kube ngokucophelela, uthathe nge-index yakho nesithupha. Asikho isidingo sokuzidonsa wena, kodwa nje ngokusheshisa futhi ngokushesha udonse ohlangothini noma usike ngommese obukhali. Uma usika, kuhle ukushiya u-1-2 cm we-stepon esusiwe ukuze ungathinti ukudubula okuyinhloko.Kubalulekile! Utamatisi oluhlaza kufanele luboshwe kwintambo noma ucingo oluboshwe eceleni kwemigqa, ebeka 9-11 cm kusuka esiteshini ohlangothini olusenyakatho.
- Isikhathi sokuqala abamba utamatisi emigodini ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba izithombo zitshalwe futhi zifakwe eduze kweqabunga lokuqala, futhi izikhathi ezingu-2 nezi-3 - lapho kutholakala khona izandla zesibili nesithathu. Izihlahla ngeke zikwazi ukuxhumana nomhlabathi, okuzovikela utamatisi ezifweni. Futhi ukwanda kokuvuthwa kwezithelo kuzokwenza ngcono ukunambitheka kwabo.
- Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bayalwa ukuba bathathe amaqabunga aphansi ehlathini lamatamatisi. Kodwa kuphela lezo ezitholakala ekujuleni nasezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho. Amahlamvu, angaphansi kwe-inflorescences, aphule kancane kancane, ngoba isiqu sizoqhubeka sikhula. Umsebenzi wokuqhekeka kwamaqabunga kufanele wenziwe ngaphambi kokudla kwasemini nasesimo sezulu esifudumele. Khona-ke amanxeba asesitshalweni azophulukisa ngokushesha, futhi ama-microbes ngeke abe nesikhathi sokungena kuwo.
Ukuxubha inhlabathi ngokuvunwa okuhle
Ukunciphisa inhlabathi kusiza ukunciphisa inani:
- ukuchelela;
- ukukhulula;
- ukhula
Yikuphi okulula kakhulu izakhamuzi zasehlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokhu:
- inhlabathi ivikelwe ekumeni;
- ukukhula kokhula kunciphisa;
- ukuwohloka komhlaba kuphakama ngoba ngaphansi kwaloluhlobo lwezinwele zokugqoka izibopho kungcono kakhulu.
I-Mulch ingaba:
- i-sawdust;
- utshani;
- amaqabunga omisiwe;
- i-peat;
- umquba obolile
Umunwe wokufakelwa uthengiswa ezitolo ezikhethekile namuhla.okungasetshenziswa izikhathi eziningi. Kubalulekile ukumboza ngendwangu engekho ngaphezu kuka-6-8 cm, ukukhanya kufanele kungene kancane kuwo.
Sikunikeza ukuthi ubukele ividiyo mayelana ne-tomato mulching:
Isithombe
Esithombeni ungabona ukuthi utamatisi ubheka kanjani ukutshala.
Amaphutha ajwayelekile kanye namathiphu okuvimbela
- Uma utamatisi atshalwa kakhulu, kanye nokuba khona komswakama ophezulu, isivuno singathola i-phytophthora. Ukupaka utamatisi ngePhytosporin izinsuku ezingu-10 kuzosiza ukuyeka ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo.
Kubalulekile! Uma imodi yesicelo somanyolo ingabonwa futhi izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngokuqinile, izithelo ze-tomato ziphenduka ubumnyama, futhi ukubola kwe-vertex kubonakala. Kubalulekile ukususa amaqabunga aphansi kanye nezithelo ezigulayo, futhi ufeze zonke izihlahla ngekhambi lezinkuni.
- Lapho utamatisi eba buthakathaka, omncane, khona-ke abeswele umanyolo. Uma inqwaba eluhlaza ikhula masinyane, kanti izithelo zihamba kancane kancane, khona-ke kuyinqwaba yeziqule, ikakhulukazi eziphilayo.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuhlukumeza ukuxhaswa. Ukweqile kwezinto ezilandelanayo kubangela ukuqoqwa kwe-nitrate ku-utamatisi, okulimaza impilo yabantu.
- Kwenzeka kanjalo ukuthi lesi sitshalo sishiya siphenduke, kungaba nezizathu ezimbili. Eyokuqala ayinamanzi okuphuza, enye isifo segciwane, lapho izihlahla zihlushwa khona ngokushesha futhi zishiswe.
Utamatisi kubhekwa njengesitshalo esibuhlungu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma sikhula ezindaweni lapho isimo sezulu esibi sikhona. Ngoba badinga ukunakekelwa njalo. Ukubanaka kuphela kungathola izithelo ezihlwabusayo.
