Izithelo zomvini ziye zaphela isikhathi eside ukuba zingabonakali ngisho nezakhamuzi zaseNyakatho naseNyakatho.
Emva kwakho konke, ngisho nesikhathi esifushane sasehlobo, kungenzeka ukuba uthathe izinhlobo kuphela ngokuvuthwa okusheshayo, kodwa futhi ngokunambitheka kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isifunda ngasinye sinokuzikhethela kwe-agronomy.
Isibonelo, lapho ukhula amagilebhisi esifundeni saseMoscow, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe izinzuzo eziphawulekayo: ezimweni ezinjalo, izifo eziningi zezivini azibonakali ngokwabo, kanti izinambuzane azisebenzi.
Ngakho-ke, amagilebhisi wesifunda saseMoscow alula kakhulu ukukhula, ikakhulukazi ngoba ungathola izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene.
Amagilebhisi esifundeni saseMoscow: izinhlobo kanye nezici zazo
Ngezansi sizozama ukucabangela okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagilebhisi ezilungele ukukhula emadolobheni. Yonke inamagama okuqala okuvuthwa, okuqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuvuthwa okuhle kwamajikijolo, ngisho nalapho isimo sezulu singekho ngokuphelele i-varnish.
Sinikeza ukunaka kwakho amagilebhisi ama-pink, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, anezinkomba ezahlukene zokunambitheka nokukhiqiza izici.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi anesibhakabhaka "iKhismish Radiant" - isifunda esikhulu saseMoscow
- Lezi zinhlobo zomzali yizithelo zomvini zakwaKishmish Rosovy, zawela ngeCardinal ezihlukahlukene.
- Kungakhathaliseki ukukhathalela, kodwa ezihlukahlukene ukuvumela.
Lezi zihlukahlukene cishe ziphelele izimo zesifunda saseMoscow, ngakho ngokunakekelwa kahle, ngisho nomvini owodwa isihlahla singajabula ngezitshalo eziningi. Ubuningi bamaqoqo akhiwa ngesihlahla esivamile noma esinamandla, ngokwesilinganiso, sifinyelela ku-0.6 kilograms, nakuba singakwazi ukufinyelela ku-1 kilogram.
Amajikijolo we-nutmeg taste, usayizi omncane (2.4-2.2 amasentimitha) nesisindo (kufika ku-4 amagremu). Cishe amaphesenti angama-70% amahlumela esihlahla samaKishmish Radiant athela.
Ama-berries e-Ripen ayenjalo noma aphakathi, cishe izinsuku ezingu-120-130 kusukela ekuqaleni kokungena kwesihlahla ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ngokususwa sonke isitshalo, ngokuvamile baqala ngo-Septhemba 1, nakuba amaqoqo okuqala avuthiwe angasuswa phakathi no-Agasti. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni zesifunda saseMoscow, i-fruiting yaleli grafi ingahle ithambe kancane.
Ngumuphi umvini obizwa ngokuthi "iKishmish Radiant" olinganiswayo: izinzuzo eziyinhloko ezihlukahlukene
- Amajikijolo nama-bunches athakazelisa kakhulu, isethulo.
- Good ezimnandi musky ukunambitheka, amachibashi amanzi futhi crisp of amajikijolo.
- Ukuguga okuhle kwamahlumela.
- Kudubula olulodwa lungenziwa kusukela kuma-clusters eyodwa kuya amabili.
- Ukutshala kungathathwa kahle, kuyilapho kungonakaliswe.
- Ibanga liphawulwa ukuwohloka okuhle kwamajikijolo.
Naphezu kwazo zonke izinzuzo zokuvuna kwalolu hlobo oluhlukahlukene lwezithelo zomvini, lunezimo eziningana, ngenxa yalokho kucatshangelwa kakhulu.
- Ukwesaba okukhulu kwesithwathwa, kudluliselwa kuphela ukushisa kwe -15ºС.
- Ukumboza isihlahla akuyona ebusika kuphela, kodwa futhi ngesikhathi samaqhwa entwasahlobo, ngoba zingalimaza kakhulu amagilebhisi.
- Efuna kakhulu ukunakekelwa, ikakhulukazi ukusika izihlahla kanye nokwakhiwa kwesihlahla.
- Ngokuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba, ukwanda okukhulu komswakama kunciphise ukunambitheka kwamagilebhisi.
Amagilebhisi avuthiwe aseMoscow izinhlobo "Tason"
- Umphumela wokukhetha ososayensi baseRashiya abasebenzisa umbhangqwana onjalo womzali, njengezithelo zomvini "u-Italy" no "Zorevoy".
- Izinhlobonhlobo zeThebula nenani elikhulu lezimfanelo ezinhle.
Ngenxa yehlathi elikhulayo lalezi ezihlukahlukene ukuvuna uletha okukhulu ngokwanele. Ubuningi besilinganiso esisodwa seqembu elilodwa yi-0.5-0.6 kilogram, nakuba abanye bangalinganisa i-kg kilogram. Amajikijolo amahle, aqoshwe umbala omhlophe-omhlophe, nawo anamazinga amakhulu - 2.5 x1.8 amasentimitha.
Izinhlobonhlobo zisakazwa kalula yi-cuttings. Izithelo ezinhle zihlinzekwa ngezinga eliphakeme lenani lamahlumela athelayo - cishe ama-55%.
Lezi zihlukahlukene zingabhekwa kalula ngisho nakuqala, kusukela inkathi ekhulayo yehlathi labo ihlala kuphela ezinsukwini eziyi-100 kuya kwezingu-110. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nasemadolobhaneni ukuqala ukuqoqa amagilebhisi avuthiwe "Tason" ingaba yingxenye yokuqala ka-Agasti.
Ukuvuthwa kwamajikijolo kuzoboniswa umbala wangaphandle kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi kokunambitheka okuhle (okuqukethwe okushukela kwesithelo ku-21%).
Yiziphi izinzuzo zamagilebhisi "Tason"?
- Izithelo zaleli grafi zinomusa omuhle kakhulu nokubonakala kokubili kokubili amajikijolo namagilebhisi.
- Ukuvuna kuhle futhi kulula ukuthutha.
- I-coefficient of fruiting kuleli klasi ilingana no-1.1.
- Inokumelana kahle namazinga okushisa asebusika asezingeni eliphansi futhi alonakaliswa yiqhwa ngo-23 ºС.
- Ngezimo ezithintekayo izifo zezivini njengezikhukhula kanye namazolo efulawa, ngoba isivuno sesihlahla sivuthwa ekuqaleni. Ukumelana nokubola kwegrey.
Ukungalungi okuyinhloko kwesihlahla samavini "Tason" sikubheke hhayi ukumelana okuphezulu nezifo zefungal. Ngenxa yalokho, kudinga ukwelashwa okuvamile nge-pesticides. Ngempela, naphezu kokuthi izifo azikwazi ukusongela isivuno, kodwa isihlahla esithintekile ngeke sikwazi ukujabulisa amagilebhisi amahle ngonyaka ozayo.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi omvini.
Izici zamagilebhisi okuqala "Crystal"
- Ezihlukahlukene ziwumphumela wokukhetha okunzima kwamagilebhisi "uVilar Blanc", owawela ngenhlanganisela yezinhlobo zamagilebhisi zase-Amursky and Challotsi Lajos.
- "Crystal" ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zobuchwepheshe, okungukuthi, okuhloswe ukuwina.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibhekwa njengeziphakamisa kakhulu, nakuba ubukhulu bamaqoqo ayo buphakathi. Ubuningi beqembu elilodwa ngokuvamile liyi 170 noma 200 amagremu.. Amajikijolo, ngokulandelana, nawo amancane - kuphela ama-2 amagremu. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, ngamandla amakhulu okukhula kwesihlahla, angakwazi ukulayishwa kalula ngamehlo angama-60. Ngakho, ukuthola amaqoqo amancane, uthola inamba enkulu yawo.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi nazo ibhekisela kokuqala. Imivamisa evamile yokuvuthwa isitshalo sakhe ilandela izinsuku ezingu-110-115 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuvuna komvini. Ngaphansi kwezimo zesifunda saseMoscow, le nkathi ingahle ibambezeleke izinsuku ezingu-5-10, kodwa, ngokuvamile, izithelo zomvini zivuthwe kahle futhi zifanele.
Ukuvuthwa kwesitshalo kuboniswa umbala omhlophe noma ophuzi okwesibhakabhaka amajikijolo, kanye nokuqhakaza kwe-prune (waxy) nokuvuthwa kwezithelo.
Izimfanelo ezinhle ezihlukahlukene:
- Izithelo zamagilebhisi zalezi zihlukahlukene zinokubukeka okuhle nokunambitheka okuhambisanayo.
- Cishe u-18% wezinto zokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali we-"Crystal" amajikijolo yishukela.
- Ezihlukahlukene ezivuthiwe kakhulu, ngoba i-mail ye-90% yamahlumela emvini isithelo.
- I-coefficient isivuno samagilebhisi "Crystal" ngu-1.3.
- Isihlahla sinezinkinga ezingavamile zobusika (kuze kube yi--29ºС), okuyikhwalithi ephawulekayo esifundeni saseMoscow.
- Ayithintekile isikhunta esiyimpunga.
- Ibanga elihle lokwenza iwayini elomile.
Ukungalungi Umvini "Crystal", ozobhekana ne-winegrower:
- Amagilebhisi avame ukuhlaselwa yizifo zefungal, ngakho-ke idinga ukwelashwa kwe-prophylactic ehlathini.
- Akunakwenzeka ukuvumela ukuqina komkhumbi wesihlahla semagilebhisi, ngoba lokhu kuzobangela ukuchithwa kwe-ovary nezitshalo eziphansi.
- Izinkomba ze-asidi kanye nokuqukethwe ushukela wamagilebhisi alezi zinhlobonhlobo kunganciphisa ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu, okuzokwenza ukunciphisa ukufaneleka kwamagilebhisi ukwenza iwayini.
Amagilebhisi amakhulu e-pink emiphandleni yase-Moscow "Rusven"
- Izinhlobonhlobo zazalwa ngokuhlukana kombhangqwana womzali onjengokuthi "R-66" no "Muscat de Saint-Valle".
- Amagilebhisi anomusa okhethekile wokwenza iwayini elihle.
Izithelo zomvini ezichazwe kulezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zibhekwa ngamaqoqo amakhulu: ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo saso siyi-0.35-0.55 kilogram, nakuba kutholakala ama-kilogram. Ubukhulu nesisindo samagilebhisi amagilebhisi aseRusven nawo amakhulu - 2.3-2.2 amasentimitha anesisindo sama 6 amagremu.
Ngombonakaliso wenani lamahlumela athelayo angama-75%, ukhiqiza okukhiqizayo wesitshalo esiphakathi kwamagilebhisi uvela ku-1.1 kuya ku-1.5, okwenza kube nokuhluka okuphezulu okunikezelayo.
Le amagilebhisi afanelekile emadolobhaneni ngesizathu sokuthi kusenesikhathi. Ukuvunwa kungasuswa emva kwezinsuku ezingu-115 kusukela ngesikhathi isihlahla singena esikhathini sokukhula.
Amajikijolo akhuphukile abe yi-pink noma aphuzi-obomvu, athole ama-sage akhethekile namanothi we-aroma.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zezinhlobonhlobo ezikhulayo "Hlaliswa"
- Amagilebhisi amakhulu futhi ahlwabusayo for winemaking, equkethe ekubunjweni kwawo cishe 20% ushukela.
- Ibanga linomkhiqizo ophezulu futhi kahle lijwayele ukufika.
- Amagilebhisi "Rustem" amelana kakhulu namazinga okushisa aphansi ebusika (kufika ku -27 ºС).
- Kuphawulwe ukuphikiswa kwayo okuhle kwezifo ze-fungal isici sezivini.
- Iwayini le-dessert kanye netafula lekhwalithi elihle kakhulu lenziwe kulezi ezihlukahlukene.
Izinkinga zokuhlakulela ezihlukahlukene: izinkinga ezinkulu:
- Isivuno sithinteka kakhulu ngama-wasps futhi sidinga izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuzivikela kuzo.
- Lapho izinhlayiya ezinwabuzelayo ze-berries ziqhekeka.
Izici zamagilebhisi "Agat Donskoy" uma zikhulile emadolobheni
- Isithelo somsebenzi wabakhiqizi baseRussia abasebenzisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuthi "Dawn of the North" no "Dolores" ngokuwela ngesivinini saseRussia sokuqala.
- Ngokuvamile ithola ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Vityaz".
- Kuyindlela ehlukahlukene yamagilebhisi etafuleni, nakuba abalingiswa bavame ukuyisebenzisa njengezobuchwepheshe.
Ngenxa yamandla ehlathini lalezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi, it ekwazi ukunikeza isivuno esikhulu. Ama-clusters ngokuvamile enza ama-gramu angu-600, futhi amajikijolo - ama-5 amagremu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesibhamu esisodwa esikhulayo singabamba futhi sivuthiwe ngisho namaqembu amabili. Kumele futhi kuqaphele ukuthi phakathi kwazo zonke izihlumela cishe ngo-80% ngokuvamile zivuthiwe.
Ukuvuna kwamagilebhisi "Agat Donskoy" ngokushesha kakhulu. Ngesikhathi semifino yamahlathi kukhona izinsuku ezingu-120 ezanele. Amajikijolo avuthiwe afinyelela ubukhulu be-2.2 x2, amasentimitha angu-4 nombala omnyama obomvu. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ukunambitheka kwalesi sivini kulula, futhi uma kuqhathaniswa nazo zonke izinhlobo zangaphambilini, ziyinkimbinkimbi (ushukela ezitshalweni azikho ngaphezu kuka-15%).
Izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene: yini eyokumangaza leli grape
- Amagilebhisi awunakuqhathanisa kakhulu ekunakekeleni kwawo; anezimbali zombili zobulili.
- Ukubukeka nokunambitheka kwamagilebhisi ase-Agat Donskoy kuhle, ukulinganisa kwe-tasters kungu-7.7.
- Iphila kahle lapho ifika.
- Ibekezelela amaqhwa kuze kufike ku- -26 ºС.
- Ukulimala kwezifo ze-fungal kanye nezinye izinambuzane zezivini akuzange kubonwe, nakuba ukupuniza ngezikhathi ezithile emhlathini ngenjongo yokuvimbela kunconywa.
Ububi "u-Agatha Donskoy": okudingayo ukwazi, ukuze ungalimazi umbono wezinhlobonhlobo
- Izivuno eziphakeme futhi ezivame kakhulu kungaba isizathu sokunciphisa ikhwalithi nobukhulu bamajikijolo, yingakho isihlahla sidinga ukulinganisa.
- Akufanelekile kakhulu ukuhamba.
Kanjani futhi ngesikhathi esingakanani amagilebhisi azotshalwa esifundeni saseMoscow?
Uma unquma ukutshala amagilebhisi esiqhingini sakho okokuqala, okokuqala kufanele wazi ukuthi ungayifeza le nqubo ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Ngosizo lwesipuli esilungiselelwe kusengaphambili noma esithengiwe. Lolu khetho luvame ukusetshenziswa uma kungekho stock futhi uma ezihlukahlukene oyidingayo ukuhambisana okuncane nge amasheya.
- Ngosizo lwesitshalo esisha, esitshalwe esitokisini samagilebhisi, emva kokususa isihlahla esidala. Lolu hlobo lokutshala kwamagilebhisi lunenzuzo eyengeziwe, ngoba likuvumela ukuba ukhule ngesihlahla ngokushesha futhi uthole izitshalo.
Lapho ukutshala amagilebhisi?
Okuhle kakhulu, lesi sitshalo sithatha izimpande entwasahlobo, nakuba kungcono ukutshala amagilebhisi ekuwa, ikakhulukazi uma unquma ukutshala izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ngokusika. Ezimweni zesifunda saseMoscow, kungcono ukhethe intwasahlobo, ukuze amagilebhisi abe ngcono futhi asinde ebusika lula.
Ukutshala amagilebhisi ngezimboni ezihlukahlukene
Ukuze isithombo, umgodi ugoba lapho umanyolo ubeka khona.
Ukutshala amagilebhisi ngokuqondile kumanyolo akunakwenzeka, udinga ukuwugcwalisa ngenhlabathi ehlanzekile, futhi kuphela lapho ukhula khona ngokucophelela.
Kubalulekile ukushiya impande yenzalo ngenhla bese uphuza kahle umhlabathi.
Izitshalo zamagilebhisi zitshalwe ezinkuni zakudala
Ukugxilisa kahle ukusikawakhe ngaphambi kwesikhathi kudinga ukusika (ingxenye engezansi nje kuphela, ukwakha kuso into efana nomgqa) kanye nomoya. Isitoko ngokwaso sidinga ukuhlanzwa kahle, sisuse wonke ama-bumps kanye nokungcola okuvela endaweni eqondile ehlathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-stem kahle ihlukanisa ngokulinganayo phakathi nokusika iyofakwa ekuhlukaneni. I-inoculation enjalo iqiniswe ngokuqinile ukuqinisekisa izinga lokusinda okungcono lokusika.
Ukunakekelwa kwamagilebhisi: indlela yokulinganisela izimo zezulu ezingaguquki esifundeni saseMoscow?
- Kubalulekile ukuphuza izithelo zomvini, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokusila kanye nokubunjwa kwesitshalo. Futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina umswakama wenhlabathi ngesisindo esifanayo, ukuze kungabangeli ukuqubuka kwamajikijolo.
- Amagilebhisi asabela kahle ezinhlobonhlobo ze-fertilizer. Amakhomikhali angcono kakhulu amaminerali kuye yiwo afaka ama-phosphates ne-potassium. Kubalulekile ukumboza umhlabathi nge-mulch.
- Ngaphandle kokusika izivuno ezinhle kunzima ukufeza. Kubalulekile hhayi nje ukunciphisa amahlumela nemikhono, kepha futhi ukwakha isihlahla ngokwayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zidinga ukulinganisa isivuno, okuvumela ukuvikela isihlahla ekukhuleni kwezitshalo.
- Naphezu kokusimama noma ukungafani okukhona ngaphambi kwezifo nezinambuzane, kubalulekile ukufeza ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukubulala imithi. Inombolo encane yeprayizi ngenkathi ngayinye izikhathi ezimbili - ngaphambi kokuhluma kwesihlahla samavini nasemuva kokuqedwa kwalolu hlelo.
