Indlela yokutshala isihlahla sama-utamatisi emthonjeni owodwa? Ngingasebenzisa noma yikuphi utamatisi noma izidingo zezingcweti?

Umgomo omkhulu kunoma yimuphi umlimi wezitshalo ukuvuna okucebile esakhiweni sakhe sasekhaya. Kodwa yini okufanele uyenze, uma indawo yezwe ngokwalo isincane kakhulu, futhi awukwazi ukulindela isivuno esikhulu?

Umkhiqizo - indlela yokutshala ehlanganisiwe: 2 utamatisi emthonjeni owodwa. Esihlokweni sethu sizokutshela mayelana nobuhle nobuqili balobu buchwepheshe, ukulungisa kahle umhlaba ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, kanye nendlela yokunakekela kahle utamatisi ngenqubo yokukhula.

Ngingayitshala yini utamatisi ngezicucu ezimbalwa?

Muva nje, phakathi kwabalimi, indlela yokutshala izicucu ezimbili emthonjeni ongu-1 uye wanda kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le ndlela iyindaba yokuphikisa: ingabe kufanelekile noma akufanelekile ukutshala utamatisi onjengawo futhi lunikeza le ndlela? Noma kunjalo, ubuchwepheshe buveza imiphumela emihle, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuyihlola ngokuningiliziwe.

Incazelo yethekhnoloji, izinzuzo zayo nokuqapha

Indlela yokutshala ilula kakhulu: izimbobo zokutshala zikhishwa, kulowo nalowo u-2 utamatisi atshalwe khona. Lolu buchwepheshe lunamathuba amaningi:

• isivuno esiphakeme endaweni ngayinye;
• izithelo ezinkulu;
• utamatisi uvuthwe ngokushesha;
• isikhala sokulondoloza; ama-garters;
• Le ndlela inhle emaphandleni asezindaweni eziseningizimu (ukufika komhlaba okweqile kuhlanganisa izimpande).

Kunezinkinga ezithile:

• okunye okutshalayo kuyadingeka;
• Ukutshala okuhlangene kudinga ukunakekelwa njalo kumgadi wensimu;
• ukuhlwanyela ngokweqile kungaholela "emahlathini" wangempela, okuzokwenza kube nzima ukuthi inqubo yokunakekelwa kanye ne-pasynkovaniya.

Yiziphi utamatisi ezingatshalalwa ezimpandeni eziningana?

Izitshalo ezimbili ngalunye kahle zingatshala njengezinhlobonhlobo zezitamatisi, futhi zingagcini. Kodwa abalimi abanamakhanda noma labo abangahlanganiswa ngendlela engadini (ngokwesibonelo, beza ekamelweni ngezimpelasonto), kungcono ukutshala izinhlobo ezikhethekile kuphela kule ndlela ehlanganisiwe, njengoba kungakhula kakhulu futhi akudingeki ukuba igwetshwe.

Esinye isimo - Esihlalweni esisodwa kufanele itshalwe utamatisi wohlobo olulodwa! Uhlobo ngalunye lwezotamatisi lunezidingo zalo zokunisela, ukuncelisa, ukunakekela, ngakho-ke ngisho nokungafani okuncane kungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo.

Utamatisi ongapheliyo unokukhula okungenamkhawulo we-stem eyinhloko, kudinga ukwakheka kwesihlahla.

Isigaba sokulungiselela

Umhlaba

1. Ukutshala utamatisi indawo yelanga ikhethiwe, ngaphandle kwemidwebo.
2. Indawo akufanele ibe nomdlandla ngokuma okujulile kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
3. Isayithi lokutshala utamatisi likhethiwe ngokucabangela ukujikelezwa kwezitshalo ezifanele: akunakwenzeka ukutshala utamatisi endaweni efanayo kabili ngokulandelana, kungcono uma u-anyanisi, ugarlic, izaqathe, ukhukhamba, iklabishi, i-zucchini, i-beet, kanye ne-ithanga yizona ezilandelwayo utamatisi.
4. Asikwazi ukuvumela izithombo ukuba zifike endaweni ye-nightshade, ngoba zonke izifo zizozuza njengefa.
5. Ekwindla nangentwasahlobo, inhlabathi kumele iguqulwe kahle ukuze igcwalise nge-oxygen futhi isuse izimpande zokhula.
6. Ngaphambi kokumba, kungenzeka ukusabalalisa umanyolo emhlabathini ukuze ucebise izakhi (50 g we-superphosphate kumitha 1 skwele noma u-5 kg ​​womquba kumitha eyodwa yesikwele).
7. Izinsuku ezingu-5 kuya kwezingu-6 ngaphambi kokutshala, indawo kufanele ichithe ngekhambi le vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (1 tbsp ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi): nge 1 sq. M 1 - 1.5 amalitha amanzi.

Izimila

Kunconywe ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo eziphathwe ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka nesifudumele se-potassium permanganate ukuvimbela izifo ezifayo, ezisezitshalo ezincane ezincane kakhulu. Kusukela ku-2 utamatisi uzotshalwa emthonjeni owodwa, kubalulekile ukulungisa inani elanele lokutshala izinto kusengaphambili.

Indlela yokunquma ukuthi izithombo zilungele yini ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile? Kule ndaba, izinkomba ezinjengokuphakama kwezitshalo, ubukhulu be-stem kanye nenani lamaqabunga kuzosiza:

1. Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala utamatisi:
   • Ukuphakama okuhle kwezithombo kufanele kube ngu-20-25 cm;
   • ubukhulu bokuqina - 5-7 mm;
   • amaqabunga esitshalweni kufanele abe 7 - 9.
2. Izinhlobo zasekupheleni:
   • ukuphakama - 20 - 25 cm;
   • ubukhulu bokuqina - 5-6 mm;
   • inani lamaqabunga lingu-6-8.

Ukufundisa

Emithonjeni bemba 20-20 cm ejulile, ibanga phakathi kwabo lingama-40-50 cm, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa liyi-50-60 cm.

1. Lungiselela imithombo yokufika.
2. Imithombo kufanele ichithe kahle amanzi futhi ilinde ize ifakwe emhlabathini (umgodi ugcwaliswe ngokuphelele ngamanzi).
3. Emgodini wokufika uyenziwa iziqu lapho kuzofakwa khona utamatisi.
4. A pair of utamatisi wangcwatshwa emhlabathini nge angle of 45 degrees.
5. Kusukela phezulu, izimpande zezitshalo zimbozwe umhlaba (owomile), ophikisiwe kancane ngaphansi kwesitshalo sokulungiswa okungcono.
6. Umthombo ngamunye kufanele uthululwe elinye ilitha lamanzi.

Ukulima nokukhathalela

Ukunisela

Ngezinsuku ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-8, kuze kube yilapho izithombo zihluma, akufanele uphuze. Izitshalo ezincane ziyokwanela ngobuningi bomswakama abawutholayo lapho betshala.

Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokunisela sekuseni ntambama, kuya kusihlwa. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi utamatisi awusayikukhanya kwelanga. Utamatisi awuthandi uma umswakama ufika emaqabunga awo - kusuka kulokhu bangase baqale ukuhlushwa yizifo ze-fungal.

Ukunisela kwenziwa kuphela empandeni, kungcono uma kuvuza. Kusukela lapho izithombo zitshalwe kuze kufike ovary wokuqala, inhlabathi isetshenziswe kuphela, ivimbele ukuthi ingabe iphelile. Uma utamatisi uqala ukuthela izithelo, kufanele ziphuze ngendlela ehlelekile futhi eningi kakhulu, ngoba uhlelo lwempande ludinga ukondla isitshalo ngamandla, ikakhulukazi uma kunezitshalo ezimbili emgodini.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Amatamatisi amabili emgodini owodwa adinga "ukudla okunomsoco." Kumanyolo okhethwayo:

• superphosphate;
• i-humus;
• umlotha.

Ungasebenzisa izinkukhu (1:15, ibhakede elingu-10 kuya ku-15).

Ukukhululeka nokugqama

Njalo emva kokuphuza inhlabathi kumele kukhululwe, futhi ezinsukwini ezingu-15 kuya kwezingu-18 emva kokutshala, abalimi abaningi bemifino batusa izitshalo ezincane ezinamaphesenti angama-12 cm.

Ukuxhuma

Ukuze inhlabathi igcine umswakama kanye nezimpande eside, abalimi abaningi banamathele emibhede, bagcwalise ubuso bomhlabathi:

• utshani obunamanzi;
• utshani;
• i-peat;
• i-sawdust;
• izinhlamvu ze-sunflower nezinye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxubha kuyobavimbela ukukhula kokhula oluhlukahlukene.

Ukwakha isihlahla

Ukuze ukwandise izitshalo, uthuthukise ikhwalithi yezithelo, futhi usheshe ukhiqize inqubo yokuvuthwa, utamatisi aluhlaza ngendlela ekhethekile. Abalimi bemifino abanolwazi bafake utamatisi ngamunye ema-stalks amabili. Ngakho-ke, isihlahla sama-4 neziqu sakhiwe emgodini owodwa, kepha izimpande ezimbili zizondla, okungabazeki ukuthi zithinta isivuno.

Usizo! Ukwakha isihlahla emahlathini amabili, wonke amahlumela asusiwe esiteshini esiyinhloko, ngaphandle kwalabo abakhula ngaphansi kwebhulashi lokuqala. Esikhathini sokudubula okuyinhloko, shiya ama-brushes angu-4 bese uphahla phezulu, futhi ohlangothini - shiya ama-brushes amathathu esithelo futhi uphinde uphonse.

Ukusika izihlahla

Qinisekisa ukuthi ususe amaqabunga aphansi ukuze uthole umoya omuhle wesitshalo.

Amaphutha avamile nokuvimbela kwabo

1. Ubuningi obukhulu kakhulu obutamatisi. Isizathu esiyinhloko - silahlekelwe umzuzu we-pasynkovaniya ofike ngesikhathi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo ezingapheli. Umphumela wukuntuleka kokuvuna. Ukuze izitshalo kufanele zihlolwe njalo, ngesikhathi sokwenza isihlahla, pasynkovanie (ukuphumula side side amahlumela ubude 3 - 4 cm).
2. Izintambo "ziphazamisa" omunye nomunye. Isizathu - ibanga elincane kakhulu phakathi kwezitshalo. Ibanga eliphakathi kwamahlumela ezinhlobonhlobo ezimele kufanele libe ngu-15-20 cm, phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingapheli - kufika ku-30 ​​cm.
3. Utamatisi otshaliwe akhule, ume endaweni eyodwa. Esinye sezimbangela eziyinhloko zalesi senzakalo ukungabi nokudla kwezitshalo. Uma utshala emgodini, ungenza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemifino (umquba, ama-humus, ama-pei anyanisi, ama-eggshell, i-banana peel, njll), amaminerali (superphosphate, i-ammonium nitrate), nawo wonke ama-fertilizer ayenzima.

Isilimu ngasinye sikhululekile ukuzikhethela ukuthi singakhula kanjani izitshalo. Kodwa ungakwazi njalo ukuzama, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke ukwazi ukukhetha indlela enhle yokutshala utamatisi, efanelekile ngqo kule ndawo, izimo zezulu ezinikeziwe.