I-Fuchsia yisitshalo esingapheli esikhula emvelweni eNingizimu neMelika naseNew Zealand. I-fuchsia yangaphakathi iyisitshalo se-hybrid, inezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo eziningi. Utshalwe emasikweni iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-200, futhi abalimi bembali bayibiza ngokuthi "ilanga laseJapane" noma "ibhola".
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-fuchsia ibukeka njengesihlahla esinezihlahla eziguquguqukayo. Amaqabunga asitshalo abomvu noma abomvu, ane-oval, isakhiwo esicacile kancane ngezinhlamvu ezingemaphethelweni. Izimbali ziqukethe i-calyx ne-corolla ye-tubular enezingqimba ezigobile. I-plant blooms ngokuqhubekayo futhi egcwele izimbali. I-stamens yinde kune-calyx, i-lobes ye-calyx yinde kunezinhlamvu. Izimbali ze-Fuchsia zivela kuma-pedicels amade, nombala wabo mhlophe, pink, orange, red, ukhilimu, i-lilac nobomvu.
I-Fuchsia endlini ayidingi ukunakekelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa umhloli wezitshalo kudingeka azi ezinye ze-nuances kulokhu. Kukhona izincomo ekukhethweni kwezithombo, ukunakekelwa kwesitshalo ngesikhathi se-dormancy kanye nezimbali, ukufakelwa futhi ukusika izihlahla.
Uyazi? Ukukhiqiza i-Fuchsia kudlula iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-200. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-15 000 nezinhlamvu zalesi sitshalo zavuthwa.
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo ze-fuchsia esitolo
Ezitolo, i-fuchsia ithengiswa nge-singly noma ngo-3-4 cuttings. Kuncike ngobukhulu bebhodlela lapho isitshalo sikhula khona. Ukukhetha insimu, udinga ukunaka izikhathi ezinjalo:
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isitshalo sakhiwe ngendlela efanele, indlela yokugcoba kwakwenziwa ngayo;- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isitshalo sisesimweni esihle;
- Ingabe kubonakala kunempilo - amaqabunga amnyama namagatsha amakhulu, amahlathi amnandi kakhulu;
- Izimpande akufanele zibonakale emgodini ophansi wembiza.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isitshalo sakhiwe ngendlela efanele, indlela yokugcoba kwakwenziwa ngayo;Kubi uma izithombo esitolo zisendaweni emnyama futhi zingananzi kahle. Amaqabunga ezitshalo ezinjalo angawa, amaqabunga aphuzi.
Uma uthenga izithombo ze-fuchsia, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izinambuzane kuzo. Ngalokhu udinga ukuhlola ngaphansi kweqabunga lamaqabunga, futhi uma kungekho amachashazi namaphoyinti, ngakho konke kuhlelekile. Futhi, emva kokuxubha kwesitshalo, i-whitefly akufanele iphume kuyo, kunzima kakhulu ukuyiqeda.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Fuchsia ekhaya
Ukunakekela i-fuchsia ekhaya kulula. Kunezinye izimfihlo zokunakekelwa kwe-fuchsia, futhi zonke zilula.
I-Fuchsia ithanda amakamelo apholile, ehlobo ukushisa akufanele kudlule ama-degrees angu-20. Kulo sill olufanele elisenyakatho noma empumalanga. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo kumele sisindiswe kusuka ekuziphatheni; uma kunokwenzeka, udinga ukuhlinzeka indawo ebhodini noma egcekeni, lapho kuphela khona ilanga ilanga liyowa. Zonke ezinye izinsuku ze-fuchsias zingcono ukuba zibe nomthunzi okhethekile. Uma kungekho okukhethwa kukho ukubeka isitshalo endlini ngokukhanya kwelanga, i-fuchsia nayo izwa kahle ngaphansi kokukhanya okubonakalako.
Ukuphuza lesi sitshalo kufanele kube njalo, okubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuzimbali. Amanzi kumele ahlungwe noma avikelwe. Ukuphalaza amanzi ehlobo nakho kuyasiza kakhulu, kuvuselela isitshalo. Ukuqubuka kwamanzi nakho kungatholakala ngokufaka ibhodlela lokutshala epanini ngamanzi.
Kubalulekile! Uma amaqabunga asitshalo ehlanjululwa, akufanele agcwaliswe nje kuphela, kodwa futhi aphethwe ngamanzi. Ngemuva kwezinqubo, i-fuchsia ihlanganiswa nezinto ezingelusiwe - lokhu kwenziwa ukubuyisela ukuqina kweqabunga.
Kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, isikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, ukukhiqiza kanye nokuqhakaza kwesitshalo kuqhubeka. Kudingeka ukuthi unakekele indlela yokondla i-fuchsia entwasahlobo, njengoba lokhu kuzodlala indima enkulu esikhathini esisebenzayo sokuphila kwesitshalo. Phakathi nesikhathi sokubhakaza imbali ekhetha imifino equkethe eziningi potassium ne-phosphorus.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, i-fuchsia yangaphakathi iyojabulisa umnikazi wayo iminyaka eminingi nezimbali zayo ezibucayi.
Izici ukunakekelwa phakathi nenkathi yezimbali
Lapho i-fuchsia blooms, kunezincomo ezithile ezikhethekile zokuzinakekela. Phakathi nenkathi yezimbali, ukuchelela kufanele kube ngokwanele futhi njalo. Umswakama oqhubekayo ezimpandeni awamukeleki, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuba uchithe isitshalo ngemuva kokuba umhlabathi usomile.
I-Fuchsia izwela ukuguqulwa, ngakho-ke ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yezimbali awukwazi ukwenza imvume futhi uguqule lesi sitshalo. Izenzo ezinjalo zigcwele izimbali eziwela phansi namafihlekile.
Izitshalo eziningi azikwazi ukutshalwe kabusha ngenkathi zikhazimulayo, lo mthetho usebenza ku-fuchsia. Ngokuqondene nokudla, isibonelo, i-Kemira Lux fertilizer iqukethe nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, manganese, boron, ithusi, molybdenum. Kulungele kakhulu ukudla i-fuchsia. Kusukela lapho amahlumela evela khona, ungakwazi ukufaka amanzi e-fuchsia ngamanyolo omswakama for izitshalo zezimbali kanye ngesonto.
Uyazi? Uma izimbali zibuthaka, futhi amaqabunga amasha abe amancane, lokhu kubonisa isidingo sokutshala lesi sitshalo.
Ukutshala kabusha nokunciphisa i-fuchsia
Ukufakelwa kwe-fuchsia njengoba kudingeka. Kwenzeka emva kokuthengwa kwesitshalo, futhi futhi njengoba ibhodlela liba lincane. Inhlabathi ye-fuchsia iqukethe i-sod neqabunga lomhlaba, isanti, i-peat ne-humus, ezithathwe ngezingxenye ezilinganayo. Ungasebenzisa inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo yezitshalo. Kubalulekile ukubeka amanzi embizeni.
Njenge-drainage, kungenzeka ukuthi isetshenziswe ngodaka olwandisiwe evame ukufakwa phezu kwenhlabathi. Isitshalo ebhodweni elisha lifakwa ngendwangu yomhlaba lapho ikhula khona. I-voids esele igcwele inhlanganisela yenhlabathi.
Emva kokufakelwa kabusha kwe-fuchsia ukubeka ukukhanya, ukusika ubude beziqu ngesithathu, ukuphuziswa nokuphuzwa kahle. Uma inqubo yenziwa ngendlela efanele, lesi sitshalo sizokhipha izimbali eziningi.
Ukudubula kanye nokubunjwa kwe-fuchsia kuqala lapho isitshalo sisesezingeni. Lesi sitshalo singumapulasitiki kakhulu, ngakho-ke singanikezwa noma yikuphi ukuma - isihlahla, ama-ampelous, pyramidal, shtambovy.
Abanikazi abasha abane-fuchsia bavame ukubuza umbuzo lapho kunqunywa khona i-fuchsia. Kunconywa ukunciphisa i-fuchsia kabili ngonyaka: ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, ngenkathi isikhathi sokukhula sesiphelile, futhi ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari. Ngesikhathi sokusika izihlahla zokuqala, zonke iziqu eziphelile ziyasuswa. Sika izindleko 2 cm ngaphezu kokufihleka kokulala. Isihlahla sesibili senzelwe ukubunjwa kokugcina komqhele.
Lapho isitshalo singena endlini kuphela, sidinga ukuzivumelanisa. Abalimi bezimbali bavame ukuzibuza ukuthi bangayifaka nini nokuthi bangayifaka kanjani i-fuchsia ngemva kokuthenga ukuze bayilungise kahle. Ngemuva kokujwayela nokuvuthwa, isitshalo sikhipha amaqabunga amasha. Kuleli qophelo, udinga ukuchofoza phezulu kwesitshalo. Ukwenza isitshalo siphume futhi siphume amaqabunga, amahlumela amasha nawo aphilile.
Kubalulekile! Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwakha i-fuchsia yezinhlobo ze-ampel ngendlela efanele. Bangakwazi ukwakha amahlumela amade, uma kungenjalo bawafake ngesikhathi. Amahlumela anjalo aqhuma kuphela ekugcineni. Uma zifinyeziwe, izimbali ezintsha zizovela kungekudala kunamaviki angu-3-4.
Izimo ezinhle kakhulu zezitshalo zasebusika
Ezikhathini ezahlukene, i-fuchsia ihlangabezana nezigaba ezahlukene zokuphila nokuthuthukiswa kwayo. Ngaphandle kwezikhathi zokukhula okusebenzayo nezimbali, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungenzani ne-fuchsia ekwindla nasebusika.
Uma ngezikhathi zokukhula okukhulayo kanye nokutshala kwezimbali zomhlabathi kuyadingeka kaningi, ekwindla imvamisa yokunisela inciphise, futhi ebusika ithuliswa izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngenyanga.
Ebusika, izinga lokushisa emoyeni ekamelweni lokushisa kufanele libe ngu-15 ° C. Lesi sitshalo sizokhululeka kuma-8-10 degrees. I-wintering fuchsia efulethini kungenzeka kwi-balcony noma kwi-loggia, kodwa kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi izinga lokushisa alikho phansi kakhulu. Ngendlela, ebusika akufanele ukhiqize i-fuchsia.
Ngesikhathi sasebusika kubalulekile ukuthi isitshalo siphumule kahle. Njengoba ubuyiselwe amandla, ngenkathi entsha i-fuchsia izonikeza izimbali eziningi, ezizohlala isikhathi eside. Ukuze ukwakhiwe amandla esitshalo, kubalulekile ukuwuthena ngaphambi kokuphumula kwasebusika bese ususa zonke izinambuzane.
Izindlela ezimbili zokuzalanisa
I-Fuchsia ingasakazwa ngezindlela ezimbili - yizimbewu kanye nokuhlanganiswa.
Ukukhiqizwa kwembewu. Ukusakazwa kwembewu izithakazelo ikakhulukazi abalimi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-fuchsia ikhulile kusuka enzalweni ayigcinanga izici zesitshalo sokuqala (ihlale ingavamile).
Uma zisakazwa yizimbewu, kubalulekile ukukhipha umuthi wokutshala imifino nesitshalo sezinambuzane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, susa ama-anthers emfuleni ongenakuvulwa, sebenzisa impova yesitshalo sebaba phezu kwenhlamba ye-pistil. Khona-ke indwangu noma iphepha lephepha lifakwa embali, liyibophe ngentambo engaphansi kwembali, eliyihlukanisa nezinambuzane.
Emva kokuvuthwa, isithelo sinqunywe ukususa imbewu, okudingeka yomiswe esikhathini esizayo.
Imbewu ye-Fuchsia ihlwanyelwa endaweni encane ye-wet ngaphandle kokungena. Izimo zokushisa zidalwa isitsha ngokukhanyisa okuhle nokuhambisana nokushisa kwekamelo. Emasontweni ambalwa, amahlumela kufanele avele. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, amahlumela adilika, futhi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa atshalwe emabhokisini ahlukene.
Emvelweni wangaphandle, izithombo zidinga ukufundiswa kancane kancane, ngoba ngaphandle kokujwayela izimo ezingezona ezishisayo, zingabuna futhi zife.
Ukukhiqizwa yi-cuttings. Indlela enokwethenjelwa yokuzalanisa i-fuchsia - cuttings. Kungasetshenziswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kodwa entwasahlobo yisikhathi esihle. I-cuttings encane ithathwa isikhathi eside ngo-10-20 cm. Amaqabunga engxenyeni engezansi asusiwe, kanti konke okuncishisiwe kuncishiswe ngesigamu.
Ukuze kutholakale ukhula lwenhlabathi, uhlanga lufakwa emanzini ahlanjululwe futhi lumbozwe ngesikhwama seplastiki noma ibhodlela. Ngezinsuku ezingaba ngu-4-10, izimpande zivela. Asikho isidingo sokulinda kuze kube yilapho sithandwa kakhulu, singasheshe sitshalwe kule substrate.
Kubalulekile! Kudingeka ukuthatha ama-cuttings amancane, ngoba abantu abadala bande kakhulu, kanti isikhathi sokukhula kwabo kweqile sekude kakhulu.
I-Fuchsia Izifo nezinambuzane
I-Fuchsias ayitholakali izifo nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane. Ngokuvamile izinkinga ziphakama uma kwenzeka ukunakekelwa okungalungile nokuphuza.
Izifo ze-Fuchsia nezinambuzane:
- Kunemibala ephuzi noma amabala aluhlaza emaqabunga ebusika - ukuchelela okuningi kakhulu. Ukulwa: yenza ukuphuza ukulinganisela;
- I-Yellowness ivela phakathi kwemifino yamaqabunga - ama-manganese ayabikho. Ukulwa: londla isitshalo ngomanyolo oqukethe isici esidingekayo;
- Amaconsi amadaka avela emaqabunga amhlophe ama-powdery amachashazi - umphumela womswakama ophezulu kakhulu. Ukulwa: ukupuniza ngesisombululo sesisekelo;
Amaqabunga aphuzi - hhayi i-magnesium ne-nitrogen ngokwanele. Ukulwa: faka isitshalo ngezakhi ezinezici ezidingekayo;- Ukuwa amaqabunga - ukuphuza okwanele, ukukhanya okuncane, umoya omile. Ukulwa: nikeza izimo ezikhululekile zaleso sitshalo;
- Ukuwa kweBuds - umbuso wokunisela uyaphela, imbali iyaphazanyiswa phakathi nenkathi yezimbali. Ukulwa: musa ukuhlela kabusha ibhodlela ngenkathi kuqhuma izimbali, ukwenza njalo ukuchelela;
- Imibala emifushane - ukudla okunganele, ukukhanya noma ukushisa kakhulu nokuphuza okwanele. Ukulwa: cabanga ukuthi yikuphi okungenhla okufana nesizathu esimweni esithile bese ulungisa isimo;
- Imijikelezo emnyama ibonakala engxenyeni engezansi yamaqabunga - isifo sokugqwala. Ukulwa: susa amaqabunga aphethwe yisifo, uphathe isitshalo nge-Topaz, uphilise ngamathuluzi ahlangana nesitshalo;
- Ukubukeka kwezimpukane ezimhlophe - izimpungushe zezimpukane ziphuza imfucuza yesitshalo. Ukulwa: hlamba amaqabunga ngamanzi asozini, uphathe i-fuchsia ngokulungiselela okukhethekile.
Amaqabunga aphuzi - hhayi i-magnesium ne-nitrogen ngokwanele. Ukulwa: faka isitshalo ngezakhi ezinezici ezidingekayo;Kubalulekile! Uma i-fuchsia ingaqhakazi, isizathu salokhu kungase kube ukuntuleka kokukhanya, izakhi, kakhulu kakhulu izinga lokushisa ekamelweni, ukuchelela okuningi.
Amathiphu ama-flower growers
- Ebusuku ehlobo kufanele ukwesabe ukushisa izimpande zesitshalo. Isixazululo salenkinga ukukhula imbali ebhodweni eliyindilinga le-ceramic.
- I-Fuchsia ibucayi kakhulu kwimvume, indawo yayo kufanele ibe yunaphakade. Uma i-fuchsia ingathandi into ethile, ingachitha amaqabunga ayo.
- Uma i-fuchsia engakani ukukhanya okwanele, ingakwazi ukwelula ukuphakama, kodwa ngeke iqhume. Ukuqaphela isimo esinjalo sesitshalo, kubalulekile ukulungisa isimo ngokunikeza inani elidingekayo lokukhanya.
- I-fuchsia engaphezu kwe-fertilizer ayifanele, ngoba ngenxa yalokhu iyokhiqiza amaqabunga amnandi futhi, mhlawumbe, kuphela izimbali ezimbalwa.
- Uma lesi sitshalo sasicindezelekile isikhathi esithile ngesimo sezulu esibi noma singenamsoco namanzi, singakhuthazwa kahle ngokupuniza ngokukhushulwa kokukhula.
