I-altai utamatisi ezihlukahlukene kuyisinqumo esihle kubathandi bezinhlobonhlobo. Engadini ungakwazi ukutshala eziningi ezihlukahlukene ezintathu lezi utamatisi - obomvu, pink noma orange.
Ukuphakama okuphezulu, okunambitheka kakhulu nephunga elimnandi, kuzoba umhlobiso wangempela wegadi yakho kanye netafula.
Futhi esihlokweni sethu uzothola incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlobonhlobo, uzokwazi izici zayo, ufunde konke mayelana nezici zokulima, ukuthambekela kwezifo nokulimala yizinambuzane.
Utamatisi we-altai: incazelo ehlukahlukene
| Igama leBanga | I-Altai |
| Incazelo jikelele | Isikhathi esilandelayo, ezihlukahlukene ezingenakunyaka, ezikhulu-fruited zokugcina izithombo. |
| Umsunguli | I-Russia |
| Ukuvusa | Izinsuku ezingu-110-115 |
| Ifomu | Izithelo zinamathele, zikhulu, ziphakathi. |
| Umbala | Umbala wezithelo ezivuthiwe ubomvu, pink noma orange ngokuya ezihlukahlukene. |
| Isisindo esijwayelekile samatamatisi | 250-350 amagremu |
| Isicelo | Okumnandi, okufanele ama-juice nama-sauces. |
| Ukukhiqiza izinhlobo | 4 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
| Izici zokukhula | I-Scheme - 50-40 cm. 3-4 izitshalo nge-1 sq. M. |
| Izifo zokuphikisa | Ngokumelene nezifo ezinkulu ze-nightshade. Ngokuvamile kuthinteka yi-fuzarose, i-verticillus, i-mosaic ephathekayo |
I-Altai yi-hybrid evuthiwe ephuzile kakhulu. Kusukela ekukhuleni kwezithombo kuze kube nokuvuthwa, izinsuku ezingu-110-115 zidlule. Isihlahla singapheli, side, sineqabunga elincane. Ukuphakama komuthi omdala kungaba ngu-150 cm. Amaqabunga akhulu, alula, aluhlaza. I-Inflorescences ilula. Izithelo zivuthwe nge amabhulashi of 4-6 izingcezu.
Isikhathi se-fruiting sinwetshiwe, utamatisi ungaqoqwa kusukela ephakathi kwehlobo kuze kube seqhwa. Izithelo zobukhulu obuphakathi, ezilinganisa kusuka ku-250 kuya ku-300 g. Ubukhulu bezicucu zomuntu ngamunye zifinyelela ku-500 g. Utamatisi anamafutha, amanzi, ane-pulp ithenda ephuma emlonyeni.
Ungaqhathanisa isisindo sotamatisi salezi ezihlukahlukene nabanye etafuleni elingezansi:
| Igama leBanga | Izithelo isisindo (amagremu) |
| I-Altai | 250-500 |
| Usayizi waseRashiya | 650-2000 |
| I-Andromeda | 70-300 |
| Isipho sikaGogo | 180-220 |
| I-Gulliver | 200-800 |
| I-ribbed yaseMelika | 300-600 |
| Nastya | 150-200 |
| Yusupovskiy | 500-600 |
| Dubrava | 60-105 |
| I-Grapefruit | 600-1000 |
| Isigubhu segolide | 150-200 |
Inani lamakamelo okuhlwanyela imbewu lisuka ku-3 kuya ku-6. Isikhumba sinomzimba, kodwa sinomdlandla, sivikela kahle izithelo ekuqhekekeni.
Umbala we utamatisi ovuthiwe uncike ezinhlobonhlobo. Utamatisi obomvu we-Altai unesithelo somthunzi obomvu obomvu. Isikhumba sikhanya, sincane. Ukunambitheka kukhanye, kucebile futhi kumnandi, kunomunyu ongabonakali. Izithelo zicebile nge-lycopene, amino acid kanye ne-beta carotene. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kweshukela kanye nezinto ezomile kusenza sikhuthaze izithelo zokudla kwezingane nokudla.
- I-altai pink utamatisi zidwetshwe ngombala okhanyayo obomvu, inyama inomthunzi ofanayo. Ukunambitheka okuhle, izithelo zithandeka, zinamanzi, hhayi amanzi.
- Utamatisi we-Pink unomthelela kakhulu, afanele abantu abaphikisana nosamatisi abomvu bendabuko. Ama-utamatisi a-orange a-Altai ahlukaniswa yizithelo zombala ophuzi ophuzi oluphuzile.
- Inyama ye-orange ekhanyayo iyamnandi, ngamanothi ahlakaniphile anemfucuza. Izinhlobonhlobo zinhle ukwenza ama-jus namazambane ahlambulukile.
Isiqalo nesicelo
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-utamatisi ase-Altai ezihlaselwa ngabalimi baseRussia. Kunconywa ukulima endaweni evulekile futhi ngaphansi kwefilimu, egumbini kanye nokugcina izithombo ze-polycarbonate. Izithelo ezivunwe kahle zigcinwe, ukuhamba kungenzeka.
Utamatisi asetshenziselwa ukulima amateur noma yezimboni, zikhulu kakhulu ukudayiswa. Utamatisi oluhlaza uvuthwe ngokushesha ekamelweni lokushisa. Utamatisi obomvu obomvu, o-pink no-orange uwuhlobo lwesaladi. Izithelo, izithelo ezinomsoco ziyisitsha esiphundu, zisetshenziselwa ukwenza amasangweji, amasoso, isobho, amazambane ahlambulukile.
Utamatisi ovuthiwe wenza ijusi elimnandi elimnandi, ongaphuza ukuliphuza ngokushesha noma ukuthenga ikusasa. Izinhlobo ezintathu utamatisi zingenziwa isitsha esiphundu futhi enhle yemifino, utamatisi uyakhonjiswa futhi usawotiwe. Zihlangene kahle nezinye izitshalo: ukhukhamba, pepper, ukholifulawa.
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Phakathi kwezinzuzo eziyinhloko ezihlukahlukene:
- izithelo ezihlukahlukene zombala;
- isivuno esihle;
- ukunambitha kakhulu utamatisi;
- ukunakekelwa okulula;
- ukubekezelelana nge-vagaries yezulu;
- ukumelana nezifo ezinkulu.
Izici zihlanganisa isidingo sokwakha futhi zibophe isihlahla. Izinhlobonhlobo zizwela ekunciphiseni komsoco wenhlabathi, ngokugqoka okwanele, isivuno sinciphisa.
Kungenzeka ukuqhathanisa isivuno se-Altai nezinye izinhlobo etafuleni elingezansi:
| Igama leBanga | Ukuthela |
| I-Altai | 4 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
| De barao giant | 20-22 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
| I-Polbyg | 4 kg ngayinye imitha yesikwele |
| Bunch sweet | 2.5-3.2 kg imitha ngayinye |
| I-bunch ebomvu | 10 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
| Uhlala ehlobo | 4 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
| I-Fat jack | 5-6 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
| I-Pink Lady | 25 kg ngayinye imitha yesikwele |
| I-Countryman | 18 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
| Batyana | 6 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
| Isigubhu segolide | 15-20 kg ngomitha wesikwele ngasinye |
Izici zokukhula
Izinhlobo ze-Altai zikhule kahle ezitshalweni. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu ayinqunyelwe i-disinfected kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate, igeze ngamanzi ahlanzekile futhi yomisiwe. Emva kwalokho, imbewu ingelashwa nge-stimulator yokukhula, okwandisa kakhulu ukuhluma.
Umhlabathi wezithombo uhlanganiswa nenhlanganisela yensimu engadini ne humus noma peat. Kungenzeka ukwengeza ingxenye encane ye-sand river washed, superphosphate kanye nophuni lomlotha. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ezitsheni noma i-peat izindebe ngokujula kancane, efafazwe nge-peat futhi ifakwe ngamanzi. Ungasebenzisa ama-greenhouses amancane.
Ukusetshenziswa kweziqukathi ngabanye kuzokugwema ukukhethwa okulandelayo. Ukufika komhlaba kuhlanganiswe ne-foil futhi kufakwe ekushiseni. Ukuze imbewu ihlume idinga izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwama-degree angu-25. Kubalulekile ukutshala utamatisi emibhedeni eyayinezinambuzane, iklabishi, i-ulethisi, izaqathe noma ezinye izidumbu.
Kuyinto engathandeki ukusebenzisa inhlabathi lapho ama-eggplants, i-physalis noma i-pepper ekhulile. Uma kungekho enye inketho (isibonelo, uma usebenzisa ukushisa okuvamile), kunconywa ukuthi uthathe indawo engqimba yehlabathi ngokuyixubanisa ngokugcwele ne-peat noma i-humus. Indlela yokulungisa inhlabathi yokushisa efunde lapha.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi ikhululiwe. Utamatisi atshalwe emithonjeni, esendaweni eqhele ngamasentimitha angu-40 kuya ku-50. Amaphesenti angama-inter-row angama-70-80 cm ayadingeka. I-Superphosphate ehlanganiswe nama-salutassium usawoti, noma umuthi wokhuni (isipuni esingu-1 ngesitshalo ngasinye) kufakwe emigodini.
Uma ukufakelwa kabusha eceleni kwezinsizakalo zenyaka ngalinye kufakwe: izigxobo eziqinile noma izinduku zensimbi. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa imigwaqo yendophi okudingayo ukubopha iziqu kanye namagatsha ngezithelo. Utamatisi udinga ukuphuziswa njengoba isisindo soma ngamanzi afudumele afudumele. Phakathi kwamanzi okugeleza, inhlabathi ikhululiwe ukuze ingabi yinkimbinkimbi elukhuni, okuvimbela ukufinyelela kwe-oxygen.
Phakathi nenkathi ye-3-4 feedings yenziwa nge-fertilizer egcwele eyinkimbinkimbi noma indaba ephilayo (i-dille mullein noma i-droppings yezinyoni). Umsuka kanye nezingubo zangaphandle zempande kungenzeka, isibonelo, ukupompa superphosphate kuhlanjululwa emanzini.
Funda futhi ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani imvubelo yemanyolo, i-iodine, i-hydrogen peroxide, i-ammonia nokuthi kungani utamatisi udinga i-boric acid.
Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu - ukwakheka kwamahlathi. Utamatisi uholela ku-1-2 neziqu, ususe izingane zokutholwa ezingaphezu kwebhayisikili yesithathu. Uma lesi sitshalo sidonsa futhi, ungacindezela iphuzu lokukhula.
Kunconywa ukususa amaqabunga aphansi ezitshalweni, lokhu kuzokwenza ngcono ukushintshaniswa kwe-air kanye nokukhanya kwelanga ukufinyelela esithelweni. Abalimi abaningi balula izimbali ezincane noma ezikhubazekile ezandleni, ukuze izithelo zesikhathi esizayo zikhudlwana.
Sinikeza izinto eziwusizo mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo eziphakeme zokutshala utamatisi nokuphikisana nezifo ezihlukahlukene.Ungathola futhi ama-athikili mayelana nomehluko phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-utamatisi ezinquma futhi ezingapheli.
Isithombe
Bheka isithombe ngezansi - i-altai pink, obomvu, e-orange ezihlukahlukene utamatisi:
Izifo nezinambuzane
Umdwebo oqoshiwe
Ukuvimbela izifo ze-fungal, i-apical ne-root root, udinga ukukhulula ngokucophelela inhlabathi, ususe ukhula. Ukunciphisa inhlabathi ngotshani, i-peat noma i-humus nayo izosiza. Ukutshala kuyasiza ukuphalaza i-phytosporin noma ezinye izidakamizwa ezingekho ezinobuthi. Funda mayelana nezinye izinyathelo zokulawula izifo lapha.
Ensimini, utamatisi usongelwa izinambuzane. Phakathi nenkathi yezimbali zesitshalo, i-spider mite, i-whitefly, ukuhlasela kwe-thrips, futhi kamuva ibhere, i-Colorado beetle, i-slugs ehamba ze ivela. Thola izivakashi ezingafuneki kuzosiza ukuhlolwa kwamasonto onke.
Ngezinhloso ze-prophylactic, ukupunta ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate kunconywa. Ama-insecticide asezimboni asiza ekusizeni izibungu, kodwa angasetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuhluma. Kamuva, izidakamizwa ezinobuthi zithathwa yizindlela zokwelashwa ezivivinywe futhi ezivivinywayo: i-decoction ye-celandine noma ikhasi le-anyanisi.
I-Slugs, i-Medvedka, izibungu ze-Colorado amazambane ama-viazambane zivunwa ngesandla, kanti izitshalo zifakwe ngesixazululo se-ammonia. Izitshalo ezithintekile ngama-aphid, zihlanjwe ngamanzi ashisayo ase-soapy, zivimbela ukuba zingangeni emhlabathini.
Ukukhetha izinhlobo ze-altai utamatisi, ungaqiniseka ngezinga eliphakeme lesitshalo. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izitshalo zithela izithelo kulo lonke isikhathi, zijabulela umbala nokuvutha okuhlukahlukene. Imbewu yokutshala okulandelayo ingavunwa yedwa, kusuka utamatisi ovuthiwe.
Funda futhi mayelana nokuthi ungakhula kanjani isivuno esihle samatamatisi endle, ukuthi ungayithokozisa kanjani utamatisi oluhlwayo unyaka wonke, futhi yini eyimfihlo yokukhula kwezinhlobo zakuqala.
Siphinde senze izihloko zakho zokunakwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi ngezimiso ezivuthiwe zokuvuthwa:
| Ngaphambi kokuqala | Ukuphumula okuphakathi | Phakathi nonyaka |
| I-Transnistria entsha | I-Abakansky pink | Isihambi |
| Ipullet | Isivinini saseFrance | Pear elibomvu |
| I-giant giant | Ibhanana eliphuzi | I-Chernomor |
| Torbay | I-Titan | Benito F1 |
| Tretyakovsky | Slot f1 | UPaul Robson |
| I-Black Crimea | I-Volgogradsky 5 95 | Indlovu yokusajingijolo |
| Chio Chio San | I-Krasnobay f1 | Mashenka |
