Lapho ukhetha izinhlobo ze-cherry zokutshala abalimi zicabange izimfanelo eziningi. Lokhu futhi kulula ukutshala, ukunakekelwa okungenakuzithoba, ukuvunwa okuphezulu, akukho izinkinga ezinambuzane nazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo.
I-Generous Cherry ifaneleke kakhulu kulezi zinqubo zokukhetha, ezizocaca ngemva kokufunda incazelo yayo.
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry ezikhululekile zihlukile ngokuchazwa kwama-congeners.
Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekisela kuhlobo lwezitshalo ezisihlahla, ezifinyelela ubude obuyi-2 m, ukuma nxazonke kanye namahlamvu aphakathi. 
Uhluma ehlathini, ephethe isiqondiso esiphakeme sokukhula. Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo emahlumela amahlumela afana ne-4 mm ngobukhulu akhiwa, ngokuphambuka okuncane kuwo. Izinso ziphikisana namazinga okushisa aphansi.
Ungase ube nesithakazelo ezinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry njenge: "Miracle Cherry", "Mayak", "Izobilnaya", "Morozovka", "Ural Ruby", "Lyubskaya", "Zhukovskaya", "Turgenevka".Izimbali zenzeka ekupheleni kukaMeyi ku-inflorescences, ngayinye enezimbali ezimhlophe ezingu-3-4. Izimbali ziphakathi, ngokuhlelwa kwamahhala okuphekiwe. Izimbali zinezinga eliphakeme lokuzithiba.
Amaqabunga afakwa eluhlaza obumnyama obunemiphetho enamathele kanye nesisekelo sokwemigqa. Ubuso bamaqabunga bubumnyama. I-petioles enqunyiwe 1.2 cm ubude, 1 mm ububanzi.
Umkhiqizo wehlathi ulinganiselwa ku-15 kg.
Uyazi? Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry zasebusika zingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa phansi -35 ° C.
Umlando wokuzala
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry eziphephile zakhiwa ngokukhetha kusuka ezilinganisweni ezihlukahlukene zama-free-pollinated minyaka yonke ezihlukahlukene ezifanele kwiSverdlovsk yokulima izitshalo zokulima. 
Izinhlobonhlobo zibhaliswe kwiRejista kaHulumeni yeZiphumelelo zokuzalana kweRussian Federation ngo-1958.
Abasunguli abahlukahlukene - N.I. Gvozdyukova futhi uZhukov S.V.
Izici kanye nezici zesithelo
Izithelo zalezi zihlukahlukene zivuthwe ngasekupheleni futhi ezingalingani. Isikhathi sokuvuna sifika ekupheleni kuka-Agasti nasekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. Amajikijolo agcinwa esitsheni eside futhi esincanyana, ngakho-ke awekho isikhathi eside. 
Isisindo: 3-4 iminyaka
Umbala: obomvu obumnyama.
Ifomu: ezizungezile, phakathi nendawo phezulu kukhona umbhobho omncane.
Ukudla: elimnandi nelomuncu.
I-Pulp: ububanzi obuphakathi, amanzi.
Amatshe: esikhulu, ehlukaniswe kalula kumalitha.
Kubalulekile! Ngenxa ye-pulp ekhulu, amajikijolo ayabekezelela ukuhamba ngezindawo ezide.
Ukufika
Indawo yokutshala kungcono ukukhetha egqumeni, ngaphandle kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Inhlabathi emanzi ayinalo ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile kwe-cherry kuleli klasi. Okungcono kakhulu yi-side of sun of the site.
Uyazi? Ukuze ukhiqize isivuno, ukutshala kwezinhlobonhlobo ezikhululekile kwenziwa ezindaweni ezilandelayo ze-cherry: Maksimovskaya, Subbotinskaya, Polevka.
Umhlabathi wokufika ulungiselela kusengaphambili. Ngasekupheleni kwekwindla noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (okungenani amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala), inhlabathi iyabanjwa, umanyolo usetshenzisiwe. Inani lomanyolo libalwe ku-40-60 g we-superphosphates, 20-30 g we-usawoti we-potassium kanye no-10-15 kg we-humus kumitha 1 we square.Uma inhlabathi iyasebenza, i-100 g ye-lime ingasetshenziswa kumitha ngayinye yesikwele.
Ukutshala kudinga impahla enempilo yokutshala. Izitshalo zingathengwa ezimakethe zensimu, futhi ungakhula ngokwakho.
Izindlela zokutshala okukhulayo:
Umkhankaso wokuhlwanyela.
Kule ndlela, isinyathelo esibalulekile ukukhethwa kwenzalo (imbewu) yokutshala okulandelayo. Imbewu ithathwe amajikijolo aphilile futhi avuthiwe, ngaphandle kwempawu zesifo noma ukuwohloka.
Ukulungiselela imbewu akusho ukuthi ukuchayeka okukhethekile ngaphambi kokutshala. Imbewu ekhishwe ingagcinwa kunoma isiphi isitsha ngaphandle kwe-substrate noma ifakwe engxenyeni emanzi ye-sawdust, isihlabathi kanye ne-moss.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu kumele ilungiswe ngokuwafaka emanzini izinsuku ezingu-7.
Kubalulekile! Ngokulungiselela ukulungiselela imbewu, kuzodingeka ushintsho lwamanzi nsuku zonke.
Isikhathi sembewu yokutshala singafika kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. 
Isikhathi sokuvuna sokutshala sihilela ukuhamba kwesigaba esithile sokuphumula ngaphambi kokuhluma kwezimbewu. Isikhathi sasebusika sinomthelela kulesi sigaba futhi sizosiza lukhuni imbewu. Kodwa isimo sezulu asihlali ngaso sonke isikhathi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho.
Indlela enhle kunazo zonke futhi enokwethenjelwa imbewu yokutshala entwasahlobo. Ukuhluma okuhle kwentwasahlobo kuzosiza ekuhlumeni imbewu enhle (ukuguga kwembewu ukusheshisa ukuhluma).
Isiteji se-stratification sithatha izinsuku ezingu-150-180 futhi sinezigaba ezilandelayo:
- esiteji sokuqala, imbewu ichithelwa i-disinfected okungenani imizuzu eyi-10 kwisisombululo esincane (pink) se-potassium permanganate;
- khona-ke imbewu ifakwa ukuhluma enhlanganisela ye-sawdust, yahlanza umfula wesihlabathi noma i-sphagnum moss. Zinezinto zokutshala ezinjalo ekushiseni kwe-15 ° C kuya ku-20 ° C;
- ekuboniseni kokuqala kokuhluma (imbumbulu yembewu), isitsha sigcinwe egumbini elibandayo (noma esiqandisini) ngomoya wokushisa ovela ku-2 ° C kuya ku-6 ° C;
- lapho ingxenye yesithathu yenzalo ihluma, ziphoqelekile ukuba zikhuni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isitsha esinezinto zokutshala singathathwa ngaphandle (njengomthetho, lesi sigaba sokukhishwa kwamatshe siwela ekupheleni kwebusika), uma isimo sezulu sinzinzile ngaphandle kokushintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa. Ungakwazi futhi ukulukhuniza imbewu emakamelweni (amasimu) ngokubeka imbewu eqhweni noma eqhweni.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kwesigaba ngasinye se-stratification, inhlanganisela yembewu idinga ukugcoba futhi hlanganisa ukuze uthole ukufinyelela okungaphezulu kwemoya.
Imbewu ehlwanyelwe futhi enzima ihlwanyelwe enhlabathini evulekile futhi elungiselelwe entwasahlobo, lapho izimo zezulu sezivele zisungulwe futhi ukubuyiswa okubandayo akulindelekile. Endaweni ekhethiwe, imigodi yenziwe ngokujula kwe-5 cm. Ibanga eliphakathi kwe-groove okungenani li-30 cm. Imbewu ikhishwa okokuqala kusuka engxenyeni ye-substrate iphinde ibekwe emigodini ebangeni elingama-5 cm komunye nomunye. Imbewu ehlanjululwayo efafazwe umhlaba, ehambelanwe futhi igcwele ungqimba we-sawdust, utshani noma ufulawa (i-mulch). 
Ukukhula i-cherry esetsheni kuyinkinga enzima kakhulu edinga ukunakekelwa nezindleko zomzimba. Kukhona indlela elula kakhulu futhi elula yokutshala i-cherry tree - ukusika uhlelo lwempande noma ukutshala izithombo zakho.
Kornosobstvenny ukutshala impahla (amahlumela, izimpande cuttings).
Ngokuvamile isihlahla sikhipha igatsha endaweni yomqhele Ukukhula okunjalo kuhlanganiswe nengxenye yesimiso sezimpande, kuphuma esitokisini okungenani 20 cm, futhi kufakwe endaweni ehlala njalo.
Isikhathi sokufakelwa ukuvuthwa ekuqaleni kwekwindla noma entwasahlobo (ngaphambi kokuvela kwefihlekile).
Uma ukuthuthukiswa kwalokhu kunqwabelana kubuthakathaka, kungcono ukukhulela ekhaya ngesikhathi sonyaka wobusika. Umhlabathi we "ukukhulisa" okunje kufanele ukhiqizwe, ukhululeke ngokuswakama okuqhubekayo.
Inqubo yokusika yenza ngokusika izimpande. Ngenxa yalokhu, izimpande ezingenhla zivuliwe futhi iziqu zide ubude obuyi-15 cm no-0.5-1.5 cm ububanzi.
Isikhathi sokuvuna izimpande ze-cuttings kufanele futhi siwe ekwindla sekwephuzile noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (ngaphambi kokuvela kwefihlekile). Ngenkathi yasebusika, izinto ezinjalo zokutshala zifakwa esitsheni nge-sand washed river sand futhi zigcinwe ku-0 ° C.
I-cuttings itshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo emithonjeni elungiselelwe ebangeni lokungenani elingu-10 cm komunye nomunye. Beka ama-cuttings emgodini ngokucophelela, njalo unciphise. Ingxenye engenhla yalesi sifo kufanele ihlanganiswe nenhlabathi okungenani i-1 cm, ukujula kwengxenye ephansi kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-3-5 cm. 
Lapho izithombo zakha izimpande eziyi-3-4 ezinhlangothini, futhi zibukeka zibukeka ziphilile futhi zinamandla, zifakwa endaweni engapheli, elungiselelwe ngaphambili. Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwesitshalo, uhlelo lwempande luthwetshiwe futhi luyancipha (uma izimpande zomile) ngokufaka emanzini amahora angu-6-10.
Ukutshala ekwindla kuvumela insimu ukuba ikhule, kodwa ingozi yokuqhwaza ngesikhathi seqhwa ebusika ihlala. Imiphumela emihle etholakala ekutshalweni kwentwasahlobo. Lapho nje inhlabathi iphuma eqhweni bese idla kancane - ungaqala ukutshala.
Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala izithombo kuhilela okulandelayo:
- umgodi wokutshala ugciniwe ngokuhambisana nemigqa yenhlabathi: izendlalelo ezingenhla nezingezansi zomhlabathi zihlukaniswe ngamapulangwe ahlukene;
- ubukhulu bomgodi buyabonakala: kuze kufike ku-80 cm ububanzi, ububanzi kuya ku-60 cm;
- isikhonkwane sisetjenziswa emgodini wegodini (ukusekela ngokuzenzekelayo), okuthunjiswe ngendwangu ephezulu yomhlabathi ovuliwe ohlanganiswe nama-humus;
- i-sapling ifakwa emgodini wokufika, izimpande ziqondiswe emgodini owakhiwe futhi zifafazwe umhlaba osele;
Kubalulekile! Intamo yentambo kufanele ibe nenhlabathi.
- isayithi lokufika lihlehliswa ngamanzi futhi lihlanganiswe phezulu kwe-humus noma i-sawdust;
- umsila uhlanganiswe "nesibalo sesishiyagalombili" (ukuze isikhumba singakhiwa esihlahleni) kuya emgodini.
I-fruiting yokuqala egcwele yezimbewu ezinjalo kwenzeka iminyaka engu-3-4. 
Ukunakekela
Kuzo zonke izinto zokuphila, isihlahla se-cherry sihamba ngezigaba ezilandelayo eziyinhloko: ukuthuthukiswa (ukukhula), ukuhluma kanye nokomisa.
Ukunakekela kunoma yiliphi lezi zinyathelo liqukethe izenzo ezilula - ukuchelela okufika ngesikhathi, ukusika izihlahla ezifanele nokuvikela / ukuvimbela izifo. Ukunakekelwa okunjalo kukhulisa kakhulu isikhathi se-fruiting esebenzayo.
Uyazi? Ukunakekelwa ngokufanele ebangeni kuqinisekisa impilo ende yehlathi kuze kube yiminyaka engama-35 ngesikhwama seminyaka engama-25-30.
Ukunisela
Ukuphuza njalo kuzosiza ekuthuthukiseni okuhle (ikakhulukazi izithombo ezincane). Ehlobo, ikakhulukazi ezinsukwini ezishisayo, leli phepha lenziwa ngenani lamabhakethi angaphansi kwama-5. 
Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama emva kokunisela ngamunye kunokwenzeka ukuba uthungele umhlaba eduze kwesiqu.
Kubalulekile! Phakathi ne-fruiting kufanele kube ukuchelela okuningi.
Izihlahla ezivuthiwe nezikhulayo ngesikhathi sehlobo epholile zanele izikhathi ezintathu zokuchelela ngonyaka.
Ukuphuza kokuqala kwenziwa ngokushesha emva kwesikhathi sezimbali. Ukuphuza okulandelayo-ekuvuneni amajikijolo. Ukunisela kokugcina kwenziwa ekwindla, kusengaphambili kwemvula ebandayo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
I-cherries eningi ye-fruiting incike ekutheni inani lezakhi ezisetshenziswe umuthi ngesikhathi sithuthukiswa. Umanyolo usetshenziswa njalo ngonyaka ukusekela.
Ekuseni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kwenkathi yokukhula, umquba we-nitrogen (ammonium nitrate) usetshenziswa ngesilinganiso sepuni elilodwa ibhakede lamanzi. Ukuze uthole umuthi omncane, ibhakede elilodwa lesisombululo esinjalo lanele, futhi kumuntu omdala kuyadingeka ukuba ubeke amabhakede amabili yesisombululo. 
I-organic isetshenziswa njengama-fertilizer (umkhombe wezinkomo noma wezingulube). Ama-fertilizer anjalo asetshenziswa njengama-compost alungiselelwe isilinganiso somquba namanzi 1:10. Umquba wezinkukhu ufanelekile ngale njongo maqondana namanzi 1:20.
Ekwindla, kungcono ukondla nge-potassium sulfate ngenani lika-50 mg noma i-superphosphate engenani lika-100 g ngalinye ngemitha yesikwele.
Uma ukondla futhi uhlakulela inhlabathi, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi uhlelo lwempande luhlanganiswa futhi lukhula ngokujula kwe-20-40 cm. Kubalulekile ukwenza noma yiziphi izenzo ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi izimpande. Uhlelo lwempande lukhula luzungeza umjikelezo womqhele.
Ukudubula
E-cherry ebusika, i-fruiting ixhomeke ekukhuleni kwamagatsha omnyaka odlule. Ukungabi nalutho noma i-agrotechnology engalungile kuyimbangela yokukhula okuncane kwamagatsha. 
Ngenkathi ehlukile yokuthuthukiswa kwe-cherry, izinhlobo ezintathu zokudubula zicatshangwa:
- Ukwakhiwa - okhiqizwa emithini emincane ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle umqhele. Ukwenza lokhu, wonke amahlumela angaphansi ayanqunywa. Izitshalo ezincane ezihlangene zesikhumba ziyakhuphuka ngokuphakama kwama-cm 60 ukusuka ezingeni lomhlabathi, ngenkathi zisuka ezingeni lika-10-12;
- I-Sanitary - ikhiqizwa njalo ngonyaka ekwindla noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuphumula kwephunga. Lapho izihlahla zikhishwa zonke amagatsha aphukile, abagulayo noma abuthakathaka. Ngomqhele obukhulu, ukusika izihlahla kubuye kusetshenziselwe ukunciphisa;
- ukuvuselela - kukhishwa njalo eminyakeni engu-5-8, lapho amahlumela abasizayo anqunywa khona emagatsheni, ngaleyo ndlela ashintshe ukugxila kwegatsha elikhulu.
Uyazi? Izithelo zakhiwa emaphethelweni amagatsha. Ukukhula nokuqoqa kweqembu akubekwa emagatsheni amancane kakhulu okuthela izithelo, okuholela ekuvuneni obuthakathaka amajikijolo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ama-Cherries aphikisana nezifo nezinambuzane, kodwa izimo zezulu ezimanzi ezingahle zibangele izifo nezinambuzane.
Izifo ezifana ne-coccomycosis, i-monilioz ne-klyasterosporiosis (indawo ephikisiwe) yingozi kakhulu emthini we-cherry.
I-Kokkomikoz - isifo esibangelwa u-mushupial fungus. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokubonakala engxenyeni engenhla yamahlamvu ezindawo ezibomvu ezincane, okuzobe zihlangene zibe ezinkulu. Ngaphezu kwamaqabunga, amajikijolo nawo athintekile.
I-Moniliasis - isifo sofuba esivuswe futhi yi-mushupial fungus, senziwa ngomonakalo ku-cortex. Ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo - amaqabunga aphendulela obunundu, aphelile futhi aphelile. Izithelo nazo ziyathinteka yi-fungus. Izimpawu ziba mnyama futhi zishaya izithelo ngophuzo oludakayo.
I-Klesterosporiosis iyisifo se-fungal, ehambisana nokutholakala kwamabala amnyama emaqabunga, endaweni lapho izimbobo ezakhiwe khona ngenxa yokufa kwezinhlamvu zamagqabi. 
Ukulwa nalezi zifo kusezinzeni ezinjalo:
- ekususweni nasekushiseni amajikijolo awonakele, amaqabunga namagatsha;
- ukuhlwanyela kahle umhlabathi eduze kwesihlahla;
- ekusetshenzisweni kokuxhumana kwamahlathi kanye nama-fungicides ohlelweni ("Strobe", "Topaz", "Horus").
I-fly cherry - inambuzane ebeka amaqanda esithelweni. Lapho izibungu zidla, inyama idliwa, ngenxa yokuthi ukubonakaliswa okunjalo ezitshalweni kubonakala: izibindi kanye nezinhlanzi ezimnyama.
I-Cherry aphid - izibungu zayo ziyasiphuza isiphuzo emagqabeni, ngenxa yalokho abenza ukubola, aphendule abamnyama futhi abomile.
I-sawfly e-Cherry enhle kakhulu iyinambuzane edla inyama yamaqabunga, isusa ama-tissue amaqabunga aphezulu, okwenza amaqabunga aphe. 
Ukulawula izinambuzane kuhlanganisa ukucubungula izinkuni ngamalungiselelo akhethekile - izinambuzane ("Karbofos", "Fufanon", "Iskra M"). Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe emiyalweni yokusetshenziswa.
Uyazi? I-Cherry aphid - umthombo wamandla wezimpukane zama cherry. Ukuqeda i-cherry aphid, i-fly cherry nayo ibhujiswe ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Ukuvimbela izifo nokuvikelwa okwesikhashana ngokumelene nezinambuzane kubandakanya izenzo ezilandelayo:
- Amaqabunga awile noma ama-resich residu awumhlabathi omuhle kakhulu wokuzalanisa amabhaktheriya nezinsizakalo ezincane. Ngakho-ke, amahlamvu okuvuna ngesikhathi esifanele kanye nezinsalela ze-mulch kuzovimbela ukutholakala kwezifo;
- ukugcoba njalo futhi ngesikhathi esifanele nge-lime noma isixazululo se-chalky se-trunk namagatsha aphansi kuzovimbela ukutholakala kwezifo futhi kuvimbele ukuthi i-moss ingaphezu kwamagxolo;
- ukusika ngezinkuni kufanele kuphathwe nge-antiseptics (iron 10% noma ithusi 5% i-vitriol, upende wamafutha) noma i-pitch pitch;
- ebusika, isihlahla somuthi kufanele sihlukaniswe namagundane ngamagatsha e-coniferous, iphepha noma ukuphahlazeka.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry Ezikhiqiza abalimi abaluleka kakhulu. Kuyinto ezihlukahlukene jikelele ezingafuni izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-agrotechnical ekunakekeleni kwayo. Iphikisana kakhulu namazinga okushisa aphansi nesomiso, kuyilapho ukuhluma okuqinile nokukhiqiza kugcinwa ngezinga elivamile eliphakathi nendawo. 
Ukutshala okulula kwama cherries, okungawadingi amakhono akhethekile, ukunakekelwa okungazithobeki kudonsela ngisho nabalimi abanomusa ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlobonhlobo azitholakali ikakhulukazi ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni, ezithinta kakhulu i-plozhonoshenii yayo.
