Amapulazi amathiphu ukukhulisa imifino enempilo: nini ukutshala iklabishi kwi izithombo?

Iklabishi ingenye yezitshalo ezivame ukuvuna imifino, kodwa abalimi abanomdlavuza bangase babe nezinkinga zokukhula. Izitshalo zezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala zeklabishi ezitshalweni zenziwa engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Mashi, ephakathi - kusukela ngo-Mashi 15 ukuya ku-Ephreli 15, ngasekupheleni kwesigamu sokuqala sika-Ephreli.

Ukukhula kwekhabishi izithombo ekhaya ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezinyathelweni ezimbili. Okokuqala, kuhlwanyelwa imbewu yeklabishi, izithombo zihlwanyelwe, bese kulesi sigaba se-cotyledons zihamba zingene endlini yokushisa, ebhokisini, futhi zingcono kuzimbiza ezinomsoco, ezibekwe ebusini obuncithakalo futhi zilele ubuthongo obunomsoco.

Esihlokweni sethu sizokutshela indlela yokutshala kahle izithombo ekhaya, ensimini, emakhasethi nasendlini yokushisa engenamanzi, kanye nama-nuances okuhlwanyela imbewu nokukhula kwesikhathi.

Indlela yokutshala imifino?

Abalimi abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kungcono yini ukutshala iklabishi ngembewu noma izithombo? Ukukhetha ukuthi uzohlwanyela nini iklabishi, nini usebenzisa noma nini, noma ukuhlwanyela ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile, kufanele ugxile ezimweni zezulu. Azikho izithombo ezingavuna endaweni yaseCentral Black Earth naseMpumalanga Ekude. Kwezinye izindawo, ukuhlwanyela enhlabathini kufaneleka ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zokugcina, uma kuhlwanyelwe endaweni enomlilo futhi enomsoco. Ngakho-ke, iklabishi sekwephuzile iba namandla futhi ikhuni, isheshe ikhule.

Yiqiniso, ezindaweni ezimozulu, kunengozi ukuthembela kuphela endleleni engenambewu kanti ezinye imbewu kufanele zitshalwe ngezithombo, ikakhulukazi iklabishi yokuqala, ehlwanyelwe izithombo kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMashi.

Amabanga aphezulu

Manje kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zeklabishi futhi, okokuqala, udinga ukunquma ukuthi yini ozoyikhulisa. Iklabishi yokuqala iphelele ngama-saladi, kodwa ayikwazi ukugcinwa isikhathi eside.. Amakhanda akhe amancane, kanti isivuno esikhulu sincane.

Phakathi nonyaka-ukuvunwa kangcono, ama-cabbages we-average mass. Ingagcinwa iphinde ibe mnandi. Late kvasyat kuze kube ebusika futhi imelana nesithwathwa. Ukunambitha, kubhekwa njengento engcono kakhulu, futhi isivuno saso siphezulu kakhulu. Inhloko yezinhlobo ezidlulile kunomdlandla kunasekuqaleni naphakathi.

Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala zathandwa kakhulu:

• I-Malachite.
• Thola
• Ihektare legolide.
• Tauras.
• Rosava.
• Zora

Phakathi kwabaholi bezinkathi zonyaka phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo:

1. Udumo.
2. Volunteer.
3. Isipho.
4. Stolichnaya.

Ukubuyekezwa okuhle phakathi kokuvuthwa kokuphela kwesikhathi eMoscow Late, Kolobok, Sugar Loaf, Kamenka, Turquoise plus, uCaliph.

Izinsuku zokutshala

Lapho ukhetha ezihlukahlukene zokutshala, kubalulekile ukunikeza izintandokazi ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene, njengoba zitholakala endaweni yokulima. Ngokuvamile izinsuku zokuhlwanyela imbewu zikhonjiswa emasakeni. Ngokwesilinganiso Izinsuku ezingama-60-65 kufanele zidlule ekuhlwanyeleni ekutshalweni okufunayo kwezithombo emhlabathini.

Izinhlobo zakuqala zihlwanyelwa ngoMashi, kanti imbewu yenkathi ephakathi nendawo nezinhlobo eziphuzile - ngo-Ephreli. Kunezindlela eziningana zokutshala imifino, kubandakanya izithombo ekhaya, nendlela yokutshala kahle. Ngezansi ukubuka kabanzi ngalezi zindlela.

Indlela ye-cassette

I-nuances yokukhula kwamakhasethi afana nalokhu:

1. Kule ndlela yezithombo ezikhulayo, i-cassette ekhethekile enezicucu eziyi-15-30 cm isetshenzisiwe. Imbewu eyodwa itshalwe esitokisini ngalinye kuya ekujuleni kwe-1-2 cm. Faka isicelo kanye nengxube ye-peat kanye ne-sawdust, ethanda ukushayela imithi kanye nezinqubo zokulwa nezidakamizwa nezifo.
2. Inhlabathi noma ingxube ichithelwa kumaseli kusengaphambili, ishisa futhi ithambisa. Isikhathi esichitha iklabishi emakhasethi 30-50 izinsuku.

Zitholakala ezindaweni zokugcina zokushisa ezinokushisa kwama-21-22 degrees nomswakama ka-85%. Ukuhluma kwembewu emakhasethi kuphakeme kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlwanyela izithombo zokugcina emhlabathini, futhi imbewu yokusetshenziswa ingaphansi. Ngalokhu izitshalo azidingi ukuqoqa, okusho ukuthi uhlelo lwempande ngeke lulimale.

Lapho kuvela amahlumela ukushisa ekamelweni kumele kubekwe phansi ku-15-20 degrees. Kubalulekile ukugwema ukugwedla ngokweqile ngenxa yengozi yabantu abamnyama. Amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala, izitshalo ziqala ukukhuni, zihambisa igumbi. Uma utshala iklabishi kumele ube nama-4-6 kulawa maqabunga.

Emhlabathini ovulekile

I-Kohlrabi, i-broccoli ne-Peking iklabishi inhle ensimini evulekile. Ukutshala nokulima emkhakheni ovulekile kunenani lezimpawu nemithetho:

• Khetha izindawo lapho izitshalo, izaqathe, anyanisi, u-garlic noma ukhukhamba zisetshenziselwa ukukhula.
• Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile eduze kwe-dill noma i-marigolds wamukelekile.
• Ezindaweni lapho ama-radishes, ama-radishes noma ama-cabbages akhula, kungcono ukugwema ukutshala. Emhlabathini ompofu yenza i-humus ne-peat.

I-acid nenhlabathi i-lime dolomite ufulawa. Iklabishi ehlwanyelwe ngoMeyi, iKohlrab nePeking kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJulayi.

1. Imibhede ibhalwa nge-rake, bese imigodi ilungiswa, egcwele umlotha.
2. Amanzi athululelwa emthonjeni ngamunye ukuze inhlabathi ifakwe emanzini angama-20 cm.
3. Ulale phansi bese ubeka 3-4 imbewu kuya ekujuleni kwe 3-4 cm.
4. Ihlanganiswe ngejubane lesilazi noma indebe yepulasitiki.

Sinikeza ukubuka ividiyo mayelana nokutshala iklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile:

Ku-greenhouse polycarbonate

Ukukhula endaweni yokushisa kunjengokulandelayo:

• Esikhathini sokushisa ukulungisa inhlabathi, ukugcwalisa nge-peat kanye nobubi. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu yeklabishi isomile futhi ihlwanyelwe ekujuleni kwe-3-5 cm. Ukushisa okushisa kusetshenziswe ngokulindela ukuthi kuzoba ngama-16-20 degrees emini futhi kungabi ngaphansi kwezingu-10 ebusuku.

  Uma kukhona amahlumela amnyama kakhulu, izithombo zincipha, zishiya kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi inhlabathi ku-greenhouse ayimile.

• Uma kubonakala amaqabunga 3-4 eqiniso, 3-5 cm inhlabathi noma peat zihlwanyelwa. Lokhu kunomthelela ekubukeni kwesitshalo.
• Uma isinqumo senziwa ukushiya izithombo endaweni yokushisa, itshalwe ngamasentimitha angama-60 kuya ku-30. Ukunakekelwa ku-greenhouse kuyinto ejwayelekile: ukuchelela okunamandla nokungavamile, ukondla nge-nitrogen ne-potash umquba, uthuthuza ngomlotha, uguqa nxazonke futhi uhlanza ukhula.
• Esikhathini sokushisa okungasetshenzisiwe, ukushisa okungeziwe kusetshenziselwa ukugcina izinga lokushisa elihle njalo.

Sinikeza ukubuka ividiyo ukuthi iklabishi ikhule kanjani ku-abamba ukushisa:

Indlela yokukhula ekhaya?

Iklabishi ekhulayo ekhaya, noma kunalokho izithombo zeklabishi azikho umehluko omkhulu. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa emabhokisini noma kwenye isitsha esifanele. Emhlabathini onomswakama, ama-grooves akwenziwa nge-toothpick, imbewu ihlelwe eceleni, kanti inhlabathi iyabhalwa futhi ihlanganiswe nefilimu. Amahlumela okuqala wezithombo avela esikhathini sezinsuku ezingu 4-5 emva kokutshala, ama-18-20 degrees. Izithombo zigcinwa ezindaweni ezikhazimulayo Izimo ezikhanyayo zamahora angu-14 kuya ku-16 kuyafuneka ukuze zithole amahlumela enempilo.

Ukwelashwa kwembewu

Imbewu ikhethwe ngokucophelela futhi ithululelwe imizuzu engu-5 ngesisombululo se-3% se-tableti usawoti. Imbewu echithekile iphonswa kude, kanti okusele kudingeka kugezwe futhi kumiswe.

Uma kubhaliwe emasakeni ezimbewu asetshenzisiwe kakade, kwanele ukwenza kuphela ukushisa okulodwa. Ukwelashwa okushisayo kudalwa ngamanzi ashisayo emazingeni angu-48-50.

Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okushisa, imbewu isetshenziselwa imizuzu engu-20 emanzini ama-48-50 degrees. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungadluli ukushisa, njengoba ukuhluma kungase kulahleke ngenxa yalokhu..

Lapho uthenga imbewu eluhlaza bayasetshenziswa nge-disinfected nge-potassium permanganate futhi bahlanza ngamanzi.

Ukunakekela

Lapho kuvela amahlumela, bahlushwa ngaphandle, bashiya izitshalo eziqine kakhulu. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo kufanele libe yi-1.5 cm okungenani. Uma kamuva kunqunywe ukudonsa izithombo, khona-ke ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwezitshalo izitshalo zijuliswe amaqabunga e-cotyledon.

Ukuze izitshalo ezikhulile zime ukushisa kwama-17-13 degrees emini kanye no-7-10 degrees ebusuku. Cishe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokufika emhlabathini, izithombo ziqala ukuqina. Okokuqala, vula ama-vents, bese izithombo ziphuma amahora angu-2-3 ebhaleni, kancane kancane zandisa isikhathi.

Inqubo yokuguqulwa

Ngemuva kokusongelwa kweqhwa, izithombo zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile. Kulokhu:

1. Balungiselela inhlabathi ngokususa yonke ukhula kuwo.
2. Izithombo zitshalwe kude ku-50 cm, ukujula komgodi ku-15-18 cm.
3. Engeza ama-humus emthonjeni, futhi uthule phezulu.
4. Ipaki inisela kakhulu ngamanzi futhi ngemva kokuba amanzi eshunyiwe, qala ukutshala izitshalo.
5. Izimpande zezitshalo zinephunga kancane nempande, bese zibeka isitshalo emgodini, zifafazwe umhlaba emaqabunga e-cotyledon.
6. Ngemva kwalokho, umhlabathi ozungeze lesi sitshalo uphonswa phansi futhi uphuziswa.
7. Izithombo ezivuthiwe noma ezingenakunqatshiwe zinqatshiwe.

Sinikeza ukubukela ividiyo ukuthi singakhula kanjani izithombo zeklabishi ezinamandla futhi ezinempilo:

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

Ukuhlala

Isizathu - sidlula izinga lokutshala. Izithombo zikhula ngokungalingani futhi eziphakemeyo ziqala ukugoba ekukhanyeni. Indlela yokusindisa ekungeneni ukufaka amahlumela abuthakathaka.. Emva kwalolu hlelo, ukugeleza okukhulu komoya kunikezwa, ukukhanya nokudla komuthi ngamunye kuthuthukiswa.

Ukudonsa izithombo

Le nkinga ingenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanyisa, kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama womhlabathi.

Siza izitshalo ezinwetshiwe zisiza ukukhanya okungaphezulu futhi kunciphise ukulandelana kokuchelela.

Ukukhula okuvamile, izitshalo zidinga amahora angu-12-14. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa i-phytolamps.

Ukuze uthuthukise ukukhanya kokukhanyisa kusuka efasiteleni, ungafaka isikrini se-foil esicacisayo. Ukuze unciphise umswakama wenhlabathi, inhlabathi yomile ngesihlabathi esomileyo, futhi kamuva umshini wokushisa usetshenziselwa ukunisela.

Ukutshala izitshalo

Izimbangela - inhlabathi eyomile noma umoya wangaphakathi omile kakhulu. Futhi imbangela yokuphoqa ingasebenza njengomanyolo wokuphefumula. Esinye isizathu yi-aphid noma izinambuzane, kanye nezifo ze-bacterial and fungal.

Kubalulekile ukuqapha njalo izithombo, ukuqapha izinga lokushisa, umswakama womoya nomhlabathi.

Uma kubonakala ama-aphid enza izinyathelo zokuzivikela. Lapho izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-wilting zivela, umhlabathi oseduze ne-stem ukhululiwe ngokucophelela futhi uphuziswa ngamanzi afudumele.

Kulesi sihloko sibheke indlela yokutshala kahle iklabishi ngembewu kanye nezithombo ngenkathi sigcina izidingo ezidingekayo endaweni ethile. Le mizamo encane kakhulu kufanele ikhule imifino enhle nenempilo.