Enye yezitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu zasendlini, ezisekelwe isikhathi eside emafasiteleni ethu ezindlini nasezindlini zethu, ibhalsamu (kulokhu, okuhlukile kwegumbi). Ukunakekela le mbali akulula, kodwa usadinga ukwazi ukuthi ungayitshala kanjani, usakaze, uphinde ugeze ibhalsamu ekamelweni ekhaya.
Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zamakamelo okulala
Esikhathini sethu, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-400 zalesi sitshalo, emazweni athile okuthiwa "ukukhanya" (ukufaneleka kwezimbali ezikhanyayo). Ibhalsamu ingaba njengesitshalo saminyaka yonke, futhi singapheli, kodwa ibhalsamu ka-Waller noma i-Waller (eyaziwa kakhulu), ama-ambal balsams, ne-New Guinean balsams, eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-hybrid weqembu elisha lase-New Guinea, zivame kakhulu emakhaya ethu.
Ngokunakekelwa okuhle, bangakwazi ukuqhakaza unyaka wonke, bekujabulela ngokubomvu okukhanyayo noma izimbali ezibomvu. Noma kunjalo, kunezinhlobonhlobo ngezimbali zezimbali eziphuzi, ezi-orange, ezimhlophe nezi-lilac, kodwa izitshalo ezimbili ezinemibala enendawo ehlukile ("iso") ziyisisekelo sangempela. Amaqabunga ebhalsamu nawo anama-shades ahlukahlukene, kusukela kuluhlaza obumnyama kuya obomvu noma obomvu.
Kunoma yikuphi, noma yikuphi okukhethwa kukho, ukwandisa ibhalsamu kusuka imbewu ekhaya kuyoba yinqubo ethakazelisayo kakhulu futhi ethakazelisayo kuwe.
Uyazi?Abantu bhalsamu bathi "ukuthinta." Iqiniso liwukuthi ngemva kokuvundiswa kwezimbali, kwakhiwa amabhokisi anezimbewu, okuyinto ethinta kancane kancane, yaqhuma ngokushesha. Okwesibili, inguqulo engavamile kakhulu "yegama" lakhe "i-Roly Wet".
Imithetho esemqoka yokubeka ibhalsamu
Uma unquma ukuthola ibhalsamu ekhaya, kodwa ungakwazi ukutshala kahle lesi sitshalo, khona-ke into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuthenga imbewu yekhwalithi. Uma ukhetha, kubalulekile ukunaka impilo yeshalofu, ukuhluka, uhlobo (lonyaka noma lokuphela) nokuthembeka komenzi. Uma uzimisele ukuthatha ithuba futhi uzame, ungalungisa imbewu (lokhu, kuzodingeka uziqoqe ngokwazo ezitshalweni ezivele zikhona epulazini).
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ngokuqondile imbewu ezimbizeni, zibeke esimweni esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate imizuzu engu-10 bese uthola olunye usuku emanzini afudumele.
Isigaba esilandelayo ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi efanele. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi izitshalo zalesi sitshalo zizwela kakhulu kulohlobo lwalo nokubunjwa, inhlabathi yebhalsamu kufanele ibe yilapho ilula futhi ikhululekile. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ingxube ye-peat kanye neqabunga lomhlaba, i-vermiculite kanye nesihlabathi esinomfula (ngokulinganisela okulinganako). Kodwa uma ungafuni ukuchitha isikhathi, khona-ke ungathenga umhlaba olungiselelwe izithombo, wanezela kuwo owodwa wesihlanu we-vermiculite noma isanti, okuzokwenza inhlabathi ingavali futhi iphefumule.
Kubalulekile! Abalimi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi okungcono kakhulu kubhalsamu yihlabathi elibuthakathaka, elinamasheya alinganayo e-sod, perlite, humus kanye nomquba.Ukuphakama komthamo wezithombo kumele kube ngu-7 cm (noma ngaphezulu). Ngale njongo, ungasebenzisa isitsha sepulasitiki, ibhodlela noma isitsha esikhulu. Ngaphansi kwesitsha esikhethiwe, kufanele wenze izimbobo eziningana futhi usebenzise ungqimba lobumba obunwebukhulu obuyi-2 cm. Lokhu ngeke kuvumele amanzi ukuba ahlale enhlabathini futhi avimbele izimpande ekuboleni.
Ngaphambi nje kokuhlwanyela imbewu, kubalulekile ukugcwalisa ibhodlela lomhlaba bese uphelela isixazululo se-Fitosporin kuwo, esizosiza ukuthuthukisa i-microflora yenhlabathi nokuyivikela ezinambuzane eziningi.
Isikhathi esihle sokuhlwanyela imbewu kuphakathi kuka-Mashi. Kulesi simo kuzokwenzeka ukuba zijabulele izimbali zokuqala zomabhalsamu omncane ngoJuni.
Iphuzu elibalulekile lapho uhlwanyela - ukubekwa okubanzi kwembewu ebhodweni, ebangeni elilinganayo kusuka komunye nomunye. Kudingeka zihlwanyelwe kalula, ngokucindezela ngokucophelela i-toothpick emanzi emhlabathini, kodwa ngaphandle kokucwiliswa kuyo.
Kubalulekile! Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu kokuhluma kwezinambuzane zamabhalsamu kungu-22-25 ° C.Ngemuva kokuthi zonke izidingo zifinyelelwe, futhi imbewu izobamba indawo yayo ebhodweni, konke okusalayo ukupenda izitshalo ngamanzi bese ubeka isitsha esikhwameni seplastiki, emva kokugcwalisa ngomoya.
Izincomo zokunakekelwa kwe-balm yangaphakathi
Manje ake sibone indlela yokunakekela kahle ibhalsamu. Kumele kubhekwe izidingo ezimbalwa kuphela: ukuhambisana nombuso wokushisa, ukugcinwa kwezinga elidingekayo lomswakama, ulwazi lwezimpawu zokunisela, ukutshala izitshalo, kanye nokugcoba nokusika kwazo.
Ukukhethwa nokukhanyisa
Ibhalsamu idinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo, kodwa ukuxhumana nesitshalo elangeni eliqondile kungaba nomphumela omubi kakhulu embali. Ngakho-ke, ukukhulisa isitshalo ekhaya, kubalulekile ukuthungela iwindi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesikhathi sasebusika, igumbi lebhasamu lizodinga isibalo esanele sokukhanya, okubangela ukuba kube nezimbali zomnyaka wonkana (ngesikhathi sasebusika ilanga alikho elikhanyayo).
Ukuze umqhele wesihlahla ube mnandi ngendlela ehle kakhulu, ngisho nokumbiza okumele kube nesitshalo kufanele kujikelezwe ngezikhathi ezithile, ngokushintshana ngokushintshe ohlangothini ngalunye lwelanga. Ukuntuleka kokukhanya kuvame ukuholela ekutheni lesi sitshalo siyeka ukukhiqiza amahlumela futhi silahlekelwe ukuheha kwayo.
Uyazi? I-balsam yegumbi ifaneleke kakhulu kubantu abazalwa ngaphansi kwesibonakaliso sikaLeo.
Ukushisa nomswakama
Ukuhambisana nokushisa okufanelekile nomswakama ofanele ekamelweni kungenye umsebenzi obalulekile ohambisana nombhali lapho ekhula ibhalsamu. Entwasahlobo nehlobo, imbali ibekezelela ukushisa kwama-25 ° C nangaphezulu, kodwa kuphela ngokufinyelela okuhle emoyeni omusha nomswakama we-substrate. Ebusika, amazinga okushisa akufanele awe ngaphansi + 10-15 ° C.
Ama-britam asetshenziswe ngamanzi angamafutha abuye afune ukuba nomswakama womoya. Yiqiniso, nakuba bengathandi ukushisa, kodwa umswakama owengeziwe akudingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Isibonelo, uma izinga lokushisa emoyeni ekamelweni lingadluli inani lika-20-22 ° C, kuzokwanele nje ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi emiphakathini ayomile.
Ukwandisa izinga lokushisa ngaphezu kwalesi silinganiso kuzoholela ekukhuphukeni okusheshayo kokuswakama kanye nokwehla kwesitshalo. Uma ubona ukuthi i-thermometer iye yawela uphawu lwama-25 ° C, sekuyisikhathi sokuthatha isibhamu se-spray, esingasetshenziselwa ukufuthola amaqabunga izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.
Kubalulekile! Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, kungenzeka ukuthi amaqabunga awela ngenxa yokuvela "komphumela wokushisa okushisa" (izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nomswakama). Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuthola indawo epholile ehlathini, kodwa ikamelo elikhanyayo.
Ukunisela nokutshala izitshalo
Ibhalsamu idinga amanzi, futhi ukuchelela kungenye yezimfuneko ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-agrotechnical zokunakekela. Ezinyangeni zasehlobo, lapho isisindo sezulu sivame ukukha amanzi, isitshalo sidinga ukuchelela okuningi. Kodwa-ke, lapho ufaka amanzi emhlabathini, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uketshezi aluwa entanyeni yentambo yesitshalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukuchelela kwenziwa ngasemaphethelweni ebhodweni, futhi ngemuva kokuba inqubo igcwaliswe, amanzi amaningi ngokweqile akhishwa epanini.
Njengomshini wokunisela, kungcono ukulungisa amanzi alula futhi ahlukanisiwe, kungenjalo uzothola ingubo emhlophe emhlabathini, okukhombisa ukuphakama kwawo okuphezulu. Kulesi simo, abalimi abanolwazi bayelulekwa ukuba bathathe indawo engqimba yenhlabathi.
Ukuze unikeze izimpande ngokufinyelela emoyeni omusha, umhlabathi ebhodweni kufanele ukhululeke ngezikhathi ezithile. Kuphela akufanele wenze le nqubo ngokujulile (hhayi ngaphansi kwe-1 cm), ngaphandle kwalokho kungenzeka ukuthi umonakalo ohlelweni lwesitshalo sesitshalo.
Ukuze uphuthuke ngokugcwele ibhalsamu yakho futhi udinga ukufaka umquba. Ngokuvamile kufakwa emhlabathini ngesikhathi sehlobo sasehlobo, lapho isitshalo siqala ukuqhakaza.
Namuhla kulula ukuthola ukuthi ungondla kanjani ibhalsamu ukuze uthole izimbali, ngoba imifino eminingi ehlukahlukene imelwe emakethe yanamuhla. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwakho konke lokhu okungafani, kungcono ukunaka umquba omuncu wezitshalo zezimbali zokuhlobisa (ngokulinganisa isigamu kanye njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili), yize umlimi ngamunye enquma ukuthi angondla kanjani iVanka emanzi ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezithile zokugcinwa kwayo.
Kubalulekile! Emva kokufakelwa kwesibhalsamu, umquba awusetshenzisiwe ngaphambi kwamasonto amathathu.
Ukunamathisela nokunciphisa
Inqubo yokufakelwa kwebhasamu (ngokuvamile entwasahlobo), umqhele wesitshalo "ulungiswa". Ngakho-ke, uma ebusika isihlahla sikhule kakhulu, ke ukusika izihlahla zebhasamu (ekamelweni) kuhlinzekela ukunciphisa iziqu ngesigamu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho amahlumela efinyelela ubude obufunayo, i-pinch yabo ephezulu, ngaleyo ndlela ivuselela ukukhula nokukhula kwezihlumela ezintsha ze-lateral nezimbali ezinzima.
Ukuncibilikisa ukukhishwa kwe-mechanical top of the shoot, eyenziwa kokubili ngezikhali noma nje ngezandla zakho. Siyabonga ngalesi senzo, amafihlethi ahlale evulekile, kodwa uma endaweni ethile engathandeki, emva kokubuyiselwa emuva, baphukile kahle.
Ukudubula kusiza ukuvuselela isitshalo, futhi ukusika amahlumela ama-apical asetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa okulandelayo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zokuhlobisa ibhalsamu, kuyadingeka nokususa amagatsha asele andala, kanye namaqabunga abulalayo nezimbali.
Indlela yokutshala ibhalsamu yangaphakathi
Phakathi kwabaflorisi, umuntu angavame ukuzwa umbuzo olandelayo: indlela yokufakelwa kahle "i-Roly emanzi". Okokuqala, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ibhalsamu ekamelweni lifakwa kabusha entwasahlobo, kanti kuphela lapho kunesidingo benza ukufakelwa ehlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izitshalo ezincane zidinga ushintsho wonyaka endaweni yazo. Isitshalo esidala sitshalwe kabusha, noma ngemva kweminyaka engu-2-3 nje sivuselelwa ngokuqothulwa kwezidakamizwa eziphezulu (lokhu kuyisenzakalo esibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ngesikhatsi ibhalsamu ikhula futhi iba mnandi kakhulu).
Isikhathi esifanele kakhulu sokufakelwa kwe-balsam yasekhaya ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari noma ekupheleni kukaMashi, kanti ukulandelana kwazo zonke izenzo kanje:
- Thatha ibhodlela lesayizi elungile (mhlawumbe likhulu) bese uligcwalisa ngokukhipha kwekota;
- Thela emhlabathini wokubasa olungiselelwe ngokwale recipe engenhla;
- Nisela umhlabathi ngamanzi afudumele, azinzile;
- Ngaphambi kokufakelwa okuqondile, gcoba umhlabathi ebhodweni, ozokhipha kuwo isitshalo, ukuze umhlaba uhlukaniswe kalula nezimpande;
- Susa ngokucophelela isitshalo ebhodweni elidala, ngemuva kokuligubha nxazonke (ngakho kuyoba lula ukukhipha kanye ne-clock earthy);
- Hlola izimpande ngokucophelela bese ususa konke ukulimala, ukuwasika emathangeni enempilo.
Uyazi? E-England, ibhalsamu ibizwa ngokuthi "Ukuzikhandla Lisa".
Ukusabalalisa ibhalsamu ekamelweni
Ukusabalalisa ibhilikamu ekamelweni kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili: ukusika kanye nokuhlwanyela imbewu.
Cuttings
Ukusika kuyinto indlela ethandwa kakhulu izitshalo ezikhulayo. Isetshenziswe ngentshiseko entwasahlobo kahlobo noma ehlobo, ukusika ama-cuttings emanzini ebhalsamu. Ubude bezingxenye eziqunyiwe buvela kumamitha amahlanu kuya kwayisishiyagalombili, futhi ngamunye wabo kufanele abe okungenani ama-internodes amabili. Amahlamvu kanye namafihlekile asezansi kufanele asuswe.
Indlela yokusika kahle ibhalsamu? Eqinisweni, le nqubo ayiyinkimbinkimbi njengoba ingase ibonakale ekuqaleni. Iziqu ezilungiselelwe zingafakwa emgodini ngamanzi ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwezimpande, noma ngokushesha zifike emhlabathini. Njengenhlabathi ekahle, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-peat, i-vermiculite ne-perlite, ukuyixuba ngezilinganiso ezifanayo. Kulo mkhakha ukuthi ama-cuttings afakwa, emva kwalokho inhlabathi ihlanganiswe kancane. Khona-ke umhlabathi ebhodweni unomswakama, futhi isitsha ngokwawo sifakwa esikhwameni seplastiki.
Uma lezi zihlahla zikhula ekamelweni elifudumele futhi elikhanyayo, ziyogxila ngokujulile phakathi kwamabili, futhi emva kwezinyanga ezintathu zizokunikeza izimbali ezinhle.
Imbewu
Ukwandisa ibhalsamu ngembewu, kuzodingeka ulungise ingxube yomhlabathi we-perlite ne-peat (1: 2), futhi ngemva kokutshala imbewu, gcina izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi + 20-25 ° C. Asikho isidingo sokungcwaba imbewu emhlabathini; ukujula kwe-0.7-1 cm kuyokwanela. Ngemva kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi ifafazwe ngamanzi futhi ifakwe ngaphansi kwengilazi. Imbewu kufanele ikhuphuke ngezinsuku ezingu-8-10 emva kokutshala (imibandela eseduze).
Ngaphandle kwalokho akufanele kungaphezulu kwemvula, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukulimala kwezithombo "umlenze omnyama". Ngemuva kokuba izithombo zikhuphuke, kuzokwazi ukujwayela kancane umoya omusha. Lapho izithombo zifinyelela ku-1.5-2 cm ukuphakama, zithatha izitshalo.
Kubalulekile! Umbuzo wokuthi ungatshala kanjani ibhalsamu ekamelweni elihlukile kufanele uvele kuphela uma isithombo ngasinye sizoba namaqabunga amabili eqiniso.
Izinkinga, izifo nezinambuzane zebhasamu, zilwa nazo
Ukutshala ibhalsamu emabhodini nokudala izimo ezihle kakhulu zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa, umuntu akanakuqiniseka ukuthi lesi sitshalo siqinisekisiwe kuzo zonke izifo nezinkinga. Isibonelo, izinga eliphezulu lokushisa ekamelweni elinomoya ophansi lomswakama aliyona indlela engcono kakhulu ethinta isimo sembali: amaqabunga aphika, kanti ukuvuna kuyashesha kakhulu. Ukubuyisela lesi sitshalo esimweni saso sangaphambili, kubalulekile ukuvuselela izimo ezinhle zokukhula kwayo. Kodwa-ke, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi ukuchelela okunjalo okulimazayo kungalimaza i-balsamine, ngoba kubangele ukubonakala kwefungus nokuthuthukiswa kwesikhunta.
Uma kubonakala izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo sefungal, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezifanele: imbali isuswa masinyane ebhodweni, futhi ixubanise ngokucophelela izimpande zenhlabathi eqoqiwe, ifakwe emgodini onomhlabathi omusha, ongenalutho nakakhulu uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi.
Uma nje uthola ukubola ebusweni bomhlaba, buyisela isendlalelo esiphezulu ngomhlaba omusha. Ukugijima lesi sifo, ngezinye izikhathi uzolinciphisa amathuba okutshala isitshalo ukuze usindiswe.
Lapho izimbali ziwela, kubalulekile ukuvuselela izimo zebhasamu. Ngokuyinhloko, izimbangela ze "iqabunga lokuwa" zivame ukuba nomoya owomile, ukuchelela okwanele, ukunciphisa ekamelweni lokunciphisa, ukukhanya okuncane nokuphuza ngokweqile.
Ukukhanya okubi endaweni futhi ukungabi khona kwelanga nakho kungaba nomthelela omubi embala wamaqabunga ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene, okuthi, uma kunesifo sokukhanya, sibe sebala futhi singabonakali. Lesi sici futhi siyisizathu sokwelula okukhulu kwamahlumela, okuyinto echaphazela kabi izindawo zokuhlobisa ibhalsamu.
Ukufiphala kwesitshalo noma ukungabi khona kwayo ngokuphelele kungabangelwa ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba noma ukuhlambalaza kumanyolo we-nitrogen okuzokhuthaza ukukhula kwamagatsha. Ngokuvamile, imbiza enkulu engenabulungisa, ehlanganiswa nokuchelela okungavamile, ingaba yisisekelo sezinkinga ezinjalo.
Kuzo zonke ezinye izifo zikaBhalsamu, akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa ukunqotshwa kwe-spider mite, eyenziwe yi-humidity ephansi. Ungasusa imbali ngosizo lwezixazululo ezinambuzane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, usebenzisa amalungiselelo akhethekile, ungakwazi ukulwa ne-aphid (noma i-whitefly).
