I-Lupine - amakhambi aqhakazayo avela emndenini we-legume. Indawo le ithinta izindawo eziwugwadule zombili amaMelika, enyakatho ye-Afrika kanye nogu lweMedithera. Izimbali zizizwa zizinhle emibandeni yamatshe noma esihlabathini. Isimo sabalimi be-lupins siyamangaza. Ikhula kakhulu futhi kwesinye isikhathi ibukeka njengokhula oludinga ukubhekwa njalo. Ngaso leso sikhathi, lesi sitshalo siyisitshalo esihle kakhulu, isitshalo sokudla futhi siwumuthi. Okuhle ngokumangazayo, ama-inflorescence amakhulu, afana namakhandlela ama-fluffy, ayohlobisa i-flowerbed futhi imaski imibhede.
Incazelo yeBotanical
I-lupine isitshalo sonyaka esijwayelekile noma esingapheli. Igama layo lisuka esiLatini lingahunyushwa ngokuthi "wolf". Ukuphakama kwamahlumela ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1-1,5. I-rhizome yezimpande ingakhula ifike kumamitha ayi-2 ekujuleni kwenhlabathi. Imbozwe ngama-thickenings kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezingenakubumba. Zinama-bacterius alungisa ama-nitrogen. Amahlumela aqondile, aqhekekile avela emhlabathini ahlala akha ihlumela elincanyana.
Eduze komhlaba, amaqabunga alandelayo agxanyisiwe wesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sesundu akhula ngeziqu. Ehlangothini lwe-petiole enesiqu kukhona izinhlu ezinde ezakha umcamelo omncane. Ipuleti leshidi licacile, lipendiwe ngombala oluhlaza okhanyayo.
Ingaphezulu lesiqu lihlotshiswe ngebhulashi ende, embozwe izimbali zezimbali zomundu kuma-pedicels amafushane. I-corolla ngesimo sekhumbi inemibala emhlophe, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nsomi, nepinki. Futhi, ama-inflorescence anomthunzi ohlukile wezipuni atholakala kwisitshalo esisodwa. Esikebheni esivela ezingxenyeni eziphansi zezitobhu ezi-10 zifihliwe, imicu yazo ezansi isetshenzisiwe. Eduze kukhona i-ovary eyindilinga enesihluku.
Ukungcola kukhiqizwa izinambuzane. Ngemuva kwalokho, ubhontshisi wesikhumba omncane uvuthwe, uthambile ezinhlangothini. Anombala ukhilimu noma onsundu okhanyayo ngombala, futhi imbewu eyindilinga eyindilinga noma efihliwe ifihlwe ngaphakathi. Umbala wabo nosayizi kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-lupine
Uhlobo lwe-lupine luhluke kakhulu. Kuhlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-600. Iningi lazo zitholakala endle kuphela, kepha phakathi kwezinhlobo ezitshaliwe ukukhetha kukhulu.
I-Lupine i-multi-leaved. Le nhlobo yemvelo ehlala eNyakatho Melika. Iyamelana neqhwa futhi ikhula kahle esimweni sezulu esipholile. Ukuphakama kweziqu eziqondile, cishe ezingenamahlamvu kungamamitha angama-0.8-1.2. Amacembe amakhulu wesundu ezinhlangeni ezinde aphakama emhlabathini. Ngezansi, ipuleti elikhanyayo eliluhlaza okotshani limbozwe inqwaba. Ukuqhakaza kwama-inflorescence angama-30-35 cm ubude ngoJuni futhi kuqukethe izimbali ezincane ezinephunga eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
I-Lupine nyembamba-leaved. Isitshalo se-herbaceous 0,8-1,5 m ukuphakama sineziziqu eziqonde, ezinesiqu esincane, ezingambozwa ngamahlamvu esundu. Amaqabunga ahlukaniswe phezulu kune-petiole. Kukhona nenqwaba emfushane emhlane wabo. Phezulu kukhona i-inflorescence ende ye-genemose enemibala emhlophe, nsomi, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, efihlekile. Imithambo emnyama eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyabonakala ebusweni bezithako, ngakho-ke inhlobo ihlala ibizwa ngokuthi yi- “lupine eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka”.
ILupine imhlophe. Lesi sitshalo sakha isihlahlana esikhulu esifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,5. Amagatsha awo aqhekeka kusuka phansi ambozwe ngamahlamvu esundu emerald. Isiliva cilia likhula ngokuqinile emaceleni alo. Izigaba zigobekile eceleni komthambo ophakathi nendawo. Izimbali ezimhlophe ezinombala opinki okhanyayo noma ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka zikhula kuma-inflorescence amade, ahlelwe ngokuvunguza.
Lupine Russell. Iqembu lezinhlobonhlobo lazala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XX. umfuyi George George ngqo umhlobiso engadini. Ama-inflorescence ezitshalweni makhulu ikakhulukazi (afinyelela ku-45 cm ubude). Bakhipha iphunga elimnandi elimnandi. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu ukuhlukanisa:
- ilangabi eliphuzi
- ilangabi elimhlophe
- i-minaret (emile ngezinyawo ezixineneyo);
- iziqhumane (izihluthu ezinemibala emibili kumahlumela afinyelela ku-120 cm ukuphakama).
I-Lupine i-perennial. Izitshalo eziminyene, eziluhlaza ezinzile ezifika ku-120 cm izimpilo eziphakeme eNyakatho Melika, kuze kufike olwandle i-Arctic. Isisekelo sehlumela simbozwe ngamahlamvu we-petiole anezingxenye ezi-oval. Ngaphezulu phezulu ibhulashi elifushane kodwa elixineneyo ngezimbali ezinamakha aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Sebenzisa endlini
Ngezikhathi ezithile, izitshalo ezithuthukisa ikhwalithi yenhlabathi (umquba oluhlaza) kufanele zitshalwe endaweni yengadi. Enye yazo i-lupine. Uhlelo olwezimpande oluthuthukisiwe luthuthukisa ngokushesha umhlabathi ngempumelelo. Wenza kube lula, kuvunyelwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, izimpande zibopha inhlabathi enesihlabathi elula kakhulu, zakha ungqimba oluvundile futhi luvikele ekuguguleni.
Kuhle ukukhulisa i-lupine yonyaka njenge-siderat. Ezinyangeni ezimbili nje kuphela, bebelokhu bekha inqwaba enkulu eluhlaza, evumela ukuthi lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswe ngemuva kokuvunwa. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhula, amagciwane alungisa i-nitrogen agcwala inhlabathi ngezakhi zomzimba, okuthi lapho zibolile, zisebenze izinsimbi namagciwane. Ukutshala okukodwa kufana nokusetshenziswa kwama-200 kg / ha ye-nitrogen. Futhi ukutholakala kwe-humus kufaka isandla ukufana komhlaba. Ukucebisa inhlabathi, usike ama-lupins bese ugaya isiza leso ngisho esiteji sokuqunjelwa. Inqubo yokubola enomswakama owanele yenzeka ngokushesha.
Futhi, isitshalo isivuno esihle kakhulu sokuphakelayo. Izithelo zayo ziqukethe amafutha amaningi. I-Lupine ikhombisa ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kakhulu emhlabathini we-acidic. Ukulungiselela ukudla kwezilwane, kuwumkhuba ukusebenzisa ukubukeka okumhlophe nokuphuzi. Izinhlobonhlobo zezimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ziqukethe ama-alkaloids amaningi kakhulu. Azigcini nje ngokungcolisa ukunambitheka, kodwa futhi zinobuthi. Kepha yila ma-alkaloid axosha izinambuzane eziyingozi. Ama-parasites adla amaqabunga bese efa, ngakho-ke i-lupine eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kufanele itshalwe eduze kwemibhede.
Ukukhula kwe-lupine
Propagate lupine imbewu. Imvamisa, uma isitshalo sesivele sivele esakhiweni, khona-ke akudingeki ukuthi usitshale ngokukhethekile. Noma ukusika njalo kwama-inflorescence, okungenani imbewu embalwa isawela emhlabathini. Kodwa-ke, izinhlamvu ze-varietal zihlukaniswa nesizukulwane ngasinye esilandelayo. Umbala wamacembe uzobuswa yimibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuyimfusa, ngakho-ke izinhlobo ezihlobisayo zikhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni zokuzalela.
Ukuze kukhule izithombo ngoMashi-Ephreli, amabhokisi enhlabathi enezakhi ayalungiswa:
- i-peat (40%);
- umhlaba we-turf (40%);
- isihlabathi (20%).
Imbewu kufanele ihlulwe kuqala bese ixutshwa ngamaqhubu wangaphansi. Ngakho-ke bazothuthukiswa ngamagciwane alungisa i-nitrogen futhi azothuthuka ngokushesha. Ngemuva kwalokho into yokutshala isatshalaliswa ngokulingene ku-cm cm angama-2-3. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-14, kuvela izithombo. Lapho izithombo zikhula amaqabunga eqiniso ayi-2-3, sekuyisikhathi sokuyitshala endaweni ehlala njalo. Kamuva, impande yezimpande izoqala ukugoba, okuzothinta kabi ukukhula.
Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yenhlabathi, ama-lupins angatshalwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Kwenze ekwindla sekwephuzile noma ngo-Ephreli. Ama-grooves alungiselelwe kwangaphambili kude ne-15-30 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Imbewu isatshalaliswa kuyo ngebanga elingamasentimitha angama-5- 15. Ukutshala kufanele futhi kuphathwe ngamaqhubu amadala agayiwe.
Ukunakekelwa Kwangaphandle
Isakhiwo sengadi yezimbali kufanele sivuleke futhi sibe nelanga. Inhlabathi ngokukhethekile inesihlabathi noma i-loamy, ngokusabela okuncane okune-acidic noma ukungathathi hlangothi. Phambilini, umhlaba kufanele ubiwe. I-lime noma i-dolomite kafulawa inezelwa enhlabathini ene-acidic kakhulu, futhi ithambisa emhlabathini we-alkaline kakhulu. Izithombo zisatshalaliswa emigodini engajulile ngebanga elingama-30-50 cm.
Ekuqaleni, izitshalo ezisencane zizodinga ukhula olujwayelekile kanye nokukhululwa kwenhlabathi. Zivame ukuhlushwa ukubuswa ukhula. Kamuva, isihlahla siyaqina bese inkinga inyamalala.
ILupine isitshalo esibekezelela isomiso. Uma entwasahlobo izithombo ezisencane zisadinga ukuthambisa ejwayelekile, bese kuthi kamuva ziqina. Ukunisela kubo kuyadingeka kuphela ngokungabikho isikhathi eside kwezulu, lapho umhlabathi uqhekeka.
Kusukela ngonyaka wesibili, izitshalo zivundiswa kanye ngonyaka, maphakathi nentwasahlobo. Kulokhu, i-superphosphate ne-calcium chloride zihlakazekile eduze kwezimpande. Ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo ze-nitrogen akudingekile.
Kunconywa izitshalo ezinde ukuba zilungiselele ukusekelwa ukuze isihlahla singawa sihlukane lapho sikhula noma kusuka emimoyeni enamandla yomoya. Lapho ama-inflorescence ebuna, kufanele asikwe ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke awukwazi ukuvimba kuphela ukuzilawula okungalawulwa, kodwa futhi uvuselele ukuqhakaza kabusha ngasehlobo.
Izinhlobo ze-perennial zidinga ukutholwa minyaka yonke, ngoba i-Rhizome ikhuphuka iveze intambo yempande. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-5-6, ukuhlobisa isihlahla kuyancipha futhi umbhede wezimbali uvuselelwa ngokuphelele.
Ama-lupins atheleka ezifweni zokukhunta (ukubola, i-fusarium, i-mosaic, ukubala kwamabala, ukugqwala). Ukuvimbela ukunamathela ngokuqinile kubuchwepheshe bezolimo. Futhi, awukwazi ukukhula ama-lupines namagamu isikhathi eside kusayithi. Kungcono ukutshala izitshalo ngemuva kokukhula okusanhlamvu.
Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ama-aphid, ihlumela izimpukane nama-nodule weevils. Ama-insecticides asiza ukuziqothula. Izisombululo zifafazwa emacembe bese zithululelwa enhlabathini. Lapho zimunwa, lezi zinto zingena kwisithako sesitshalo. Ama-parasites ayafa, adla amahlamvu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwengadi nokuningi
Ama-inflorescence aminyene, afana namakhandlela, enza ama-lupins abe ngumhlobiso omuhle wesiza. Itshalwe enkabeni noma phakathi kwesihlahla sengadi yezimbali, emadwaleni amatshe, eceleni kwendlela noma odongeni lwezakhiwo. I-Delphinium, i-phloxes, i-host, irises neminduze ingaba ngomakhelwane e-flowerbed.
Izithelo ze-lupine zingagcwala hhayi izilwane kuphela. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo emazweni ahlukahlukene, kwenziwa ufulawa kubo, owenezelwa ekubhakeni, e-ayisikhilimu, e-confectionery nasezitsheni ezishisayo. Okuqukethwe ngamaphrotheni ephezulu namafutha kukhulisa inani lokudla okunempilo kokudla okunjalo.
Emithini yendabuko, ukukhishwa okuvela esitshalweni sekuyisisekelo somuthi "Iksim Lupine" - umuthi obulala amagciwane. Abelaphi bendabuko basebenzisa i-decoction yeziqu namaqabunga ukwelapha i-gangrene, izilonda kanye namaqhubu.
