Ngabe nini futhi nini ukutshala izithombo ze-basil emhlabathini ovulekile? Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo namathiphu okunakekela

I-Basil ibaluleka ngendlavane yayo ekhethiwe yensimbi futhi izakhi ezinempilo. Ukutshala izithombo ze-basil emhlabathini ovulekile - ukudluliselwa kwezithombo ezikhulile endaweni enomphela.

Lesi sigaba sibalulekile ukuthi izinongo zingaphansi kokuhlwanyela imbewu: isivuno se-spice, ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwayo ngokuqondile kuxhomeke endaweni ekhethiwe kahle nokufakelwa kahle kahle kokufakelwa.

Kubalulekile ukwazi imithetho yokutshala lesi sitshalo, ukumhlinzekela kahle. Kuzo zonke izingqinamba zokutshala izithombo ze-basil emibhedeni futhi sizoxoxwa kulokhu kulesi sihloko.

Ngingahluma nini?

Isikhathi sezitshalo ezikhulayo kusuka ezinhlathini eziyi-45 kuya kwezingu-60, kusukela ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuvuthwa (ukukhula kwezinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala (izinsuku ezingu-35 - 45), ukuvuthwa phakathi (izinsuku ezingu-55 kuya kwezingu-70) kanye nokuphumula (izinsuku ezingu-75 kuya kwezingu-90) kusukela ekubukeni amahlumela okuqala.

Ngokuphelele ukulungele ukutshala kubhekwa njengezithombo ezibukeka zikhona futhi zinempilo., nge-root system esebenze kahle kanye ne-stalk eqinile, eqinile, ezinamaqabunga amaningana (5 kuya ku-6) anamandla wombala ogcwele ogcwele, ojwayelekile wezihlobo ezithile.

Ukushisa

Isikhathi sokutshala izithombo ze-basil emhlabathini ovulekile kuncike ezintweni eziningana, ikakhulukazi izimo zezulu: njengoba basil iyisitshalo esinamandla kakhulu, izinga lokushisa lomoya akufanele liwele ngaphansi kwe-15C, futhi usongo lokubuya kweqhwa kufanele linyamalale ngokuphelele.

Uma izithombo zihlwanyelwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, khona-ke ngisho nokuncipha kwesikhashana esifushane ekushiseni kungalimaza izitshalo ezincane.

Inyanga yonyaka

Ezindaweni ezehlukene zaseRussia, ukusungulwa kwezimo zezulu ezinjalo kuhlukile ezikhathini ezahlukene.

• E-Central Russia, esifundeni saseMoscow. Lesi sizinda sibonakala ngoMsombuluko oshisa futhi oshisayo, kodwa akufanele ukuphuthuma ngokufika kwe-spice "yaseningizimu" ngoba amaqhwa ngisho nemvula enqamula indawo yeqhwa ithatha ilanga elikhanyayo. Isikhathi sokufika esiphezulu ukuphela kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ngesikhathi sokuqala ungakwazi ukuqinisekisa izitshalo ezithekile, uzihlele indawo yokuhlala yansuku zonke ye-agrofibre noma ifilimu.
• ESiberia nase-Urals. I-Siberia ne-Urals yizifunda ezinesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu: kuyoba nzima ngesitshalo esishisa futhi sithande ukuvumelanisa nezimo zezulu ezinjalo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunikeza isivuno esigcwele. Ngakho-ke, abalimi balesi sifunda kungcono bangabungozi futhi batshale izithombo zabo endaweni yokushisa noma yokushisa. Lokhu kungenziwa ngoMeyi noJuni, kugxile esimweni sezithombo.

Indawo

Ngokuba ukutshalwa kwe-basil kuyisakhiwo esihle, esilungile (umkhakha oseningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga) futhi uvikelekile emoyeni nasezingxenyeni (eduze kwezicingo noma eduze nokuvuselelwa, ungakwazi, kanye nezitshalo eziphakeme). I-spice ayibekezelelanga indawo ehlala njalo, njalo ngonyaka indawo yayo kufanele ishintshwe. I-spice ikhula kahle emva kwezitshalo ezifana no-anyanisi, iklabishi yokuqala kanye nephakathi, ukhukhamba, beet, utamatisi, amazambane, akuyona indlela engcono kakhulu - izaqathe, iklabishi ephuzile.

I-Basil ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-antibiotic" yensimu ngenxa yokukwazi kwakhe ukuzuza eminye imifino kanye nekhono lokuphulukisa imvelo. Iphunga elimnandi lesitshalo liyisikhumba sotamatisi, anyanisi, pepper, ukhukhamba kanye neklabishi, i-whitefly ne-aphid ephumelelayo. Futhi, isipayisi esitshalwe ndawonye no-utamatisi, ngeke sivumele isikhunta kanye ne-powdery isikhutha kwizithombo.

Ukulungiswa komhlaba nokubunjwa

I-Basil ikhula kahle enhlabathini evulekile, egcwele kahle futhi enomsoco. Uma inhlabathi esakhiweni ingenazo izakhiwo ezingenhla, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kwenziwe imisebenzi eminingi yokulungiselela.

1. Ekwindla, isayithi libhekwe kuze kube yi-25 cm ejulile.
2. Uma ukumba, imifino ephilayo (humus, umquba, umquba) isetshenziswa ngesilinganiso se-2 - 2.5 kg ngomzuzu ², futhi futhi amaminerali: superphosphate (40 - 50 amagremu ngomzuzu ngamunye²) nosawoti we-potassium (ama-10 - 15 amagremu ngalunye²).
3. Entwasahlobo, indawo ikhululiwe kumamitha ayisentimitha angu-10 ukuya kwangu-12, ungakwazi ukwengeza isihlabathi esilungisiwe noma i-peat (izikhwama ezingu-1 -2 ze-25 kilogram ngombhede) ukunikeza ukukhanya kwenhlabathi nokuphefumula.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo i-algorithm yesenzo

Okulandelayo, sinikeza imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ekuphumenifuthi sizophendula umbuzo ojabulisa abaningi balimi: isitshalo singcwatshwa ngesikhathi sokutshala?

1. Amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni evulekile, kubalulekile ukuthi uqale ukuqhuba "izinqubo zokuthungatha": thatha iziqukathi ezinezitshalo ezincane emoyeni ovuthayo (izinga lokushisa - hhayi ngaphansi kuka + 10С), ukwandisa isikhathi sokuhlala nsuku zonke.
2. Lungiselela izimbobo ngokubamba ngomugqa owodwa noma iphethini lokuhlola. Ibanga eliphakathi kwabo lingama-20 - 25 amasentimitha, phakathi kwemigqa kuyadingeka ukuba ubuyeke ama-25 - 30 amasentimitha. Ukujula kokufika kwe-fossa - amasentimitha angu-10.
3. Ngosuku lokutshala (kungcono uma lifufusa noma kusihlwa), imithombo kumele ichithe kahle (1 litre lamanzi afudumele afudled ngomthombo owodwa).
4. Iziqukathi ezinezithombo kufanele zihanjiswe ngobuningi ukuze kugweme ukulimala ohlelweni lwempande lapho selususa esitsheni.
5. Lesi sitshalo sisuswa ngokucophelela esitokisini, umhlabathi nezimpande akudingeki ukuzamazama.
6. Ngaphandle kwendwangu yomhlaba, ihlumela le-basil libekwe phakathi kwendawo, futhi, ukujulisa isitshalo kuze kuqhume kuqala (indawo yamaqabunga e-cotyledon), ihlanganiswa nenhlabathi.
7. Umhlaba ozungeze isiqu kufanele ucindezelwe ngobumnene ukuze ulungise kangcono isihlahla esizayo.
8. Lesi sitshalo kumele siphuze futhi.

Ungayinakekela kanjani emva kokufika?

Uhlelo lokunakekela izithombo zezitshalo ze-basil lijwayelekile futhi kuhlanganisa ukuchelela okuvamile, ukukhulula, ukugqoka, ukugqoka.

• Emva kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, i-basil kufanele iphuze nsuku zonke (0.5 - 1 litre ngesihlahla) kuze kube yilapho igcwaliswa ngokuphelele. Khona-ke ukuchelela kufanele kube njalo, njengoba isisindo soma.

  Akufanele uchithe lesi sitshalo kusuka kwipipi ngamanzi kampompi, kungcono - kuhlelwe kahle futhi kufudumale elangeni (kuze kufike ku + 25C). Basil uphendula ngokucophelela ekutheni, okwenziwa yindlela yokwehla. Ngemuva kokunisela, umhlabathi ozungeze isihlahla kufanele ukhululeke ukuze ugweme ukwakheka kwekhasi elomile kanye nokubonakala kokhula (kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-7 phakathi nonyaka okhulayo).

• Ngokubukeka kwamahlamvu aphuzi futhi ngemva kokunqunywa ngamunye, i-basil kufanele idliwe. Kule njongo, kufanelekile kokubili umanyolo owenziwe ngamanzi nobunamaminerali: mullein (1:10), umquba wezinkukhu (1:20), izixazululo ze nitrophoska (2 wezipuni ngamalitha angu-12 amanzi) noma i-ammonium nitrate (1.5 wezipuni 1 ilitha lamanzi).
• Uma ibhasili likhula lifika ku-20 cm, kuyadingeka ukuthi uphonse phezulu, uma lokhu kungakenziwa ngaphambili. Ama-inflorescences avela ehlobo kufanele asuswe. Lezi zenzo zizokwenza ukuba i-branching iphinde ibukeke kahle.

Ngokuhambisana nokuhambisana nazo zonke izidingo esitshalo se-thermophilic ezenza ukunakekelwa nokulima, ungajabulela iphunga elimnandi futhi imifino enomsoco yonke ihlobo. Futhi, uma usomile amaqabunga, ngisho nasebusika izinsuku ezishisayo zasehlobo ziyokhunjulwa.