I-Basil ibaluleka ngendlavane yayo ekhethiwe yensimbi futhi izakhi ezinempilo. Ukutshala izithombo ze-basil emhlabathini ovulekile - ukudluliselwa kwezithombo ezikhulile endaweni enomphela.
Lesi sigaba sibalulekile ukuthi izinongo zingaphansi kokuhlwanyela imbewu: isivuno se-spice, ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwayo ngokuqondile kuxhomeke endaweni ekhethiwe kahle nokufakelwa kahle kahle kokufakelwa.
Kubalulekile ukwazi imithetho yokutshala lesi sitshalo, ukumhlinzekela kahle. Kuzo zonke izingqinamba zokutshala izithombo ze-basil emibhedeni futhi sizoxoxwa kulokhu kulesi sihloko.
Ngingahluma nini?
Isikhathi sezitshalo ezikhulayo kusuka ezinhlathini eziyi-45 kuya kwezingu-60, kusukela ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuvuthwa (ukukhula kwezinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala (izinsuku ezingu-35 - 45), ukuvuthwa phakathi (izinsuku ezingu-55 kuya kwezingu-70) kanye nokuphumula (izinsuku ezingu-75 kuya kwezingu-90) kusukela ekubukeni amahlumela okuqala.
Ngokuphelele ukulungele ukutshala kubhekwa njengezithombo ezibukeka zikhona futhi zinempilo., nge-root system esebenze kahle kanye ne-stalk eqinile, eqinile, ezinamaqabunga amaningana (5 kuya ku-6) anamandla wombala ogcwele ogcwele, ojwayelekile wezihlobo ezithile.
Ukushisa
Isikhathi sokutshala izithombo ze-basil emhlabathini ovulekile kuncike ezintweni eziningana, ikakhulukazi izimo zezulu: njengoba basil iyisitshalo esinamandla kakhulu, izinga lokushisa lomoya akufanele liwele ngaphansi kwe-15C, futhi usongo lokubuya kweqhwa kufanele linyamalale ngokuphelele.
Uma izithombo zihlwanyelwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, khona-ke ngisho nokuncipha kwesikhashana esifushane ekushiseni kungalimaza izitshalo ezincane.
Inyanga yonyaka
Ezindaweni ezehlukene zaseRussia, ukusungulwa kwezimo zezulu ezinjalo kuhlukile ezikhathini ezahlukene.
- E-Central Russia, esifundeni saseMoscow. Lesi sizinda sibonakala ngoMsombuluko oshisa futhi oshisayo, kodwa akufanele ukuphuthuma ngokufika kwe-spice "yaseningizimu" ngoba amaqhwa ngisho nemvula enqamula indawo yeqhwa ithatha ilanga elikhanyayo. Isikhathi sokufika esiphezulu ukuphela kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ngesikhathi sokuqala ungakwazi ukuqinisekisa izitshalo ezithekile, uzihlele indawo yokuhlala yansuku zonke ye-agrofibre noma ifilimu.
- ESiberia nase-Urals. I-Siberia ne-Urals yizifunda ezinesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu: kuyoba nzima ngesitshalo esishisa futhi sithande ukuvumelanisa nezimo zezulu ezinjalo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunikeza isivuno esigcwele. Ngakho-ke, abalimi balesi sifunda kungcono bangabungozi futhi batshale izithombo zabo endaweni yokushisa noma yokushisa. Lokhu kungenziwa ngoMeyi noJuni, kugxile esimweni sezithombo.
Indawo
Ngokuba ukutshalwa kwe-basil kuyisakhiwo esihle, esilungile (umkhakha oseningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga) futhi uvikelekile emoyeni nasezingxenyeni (eduze kwezicingo noma eduze nokuvuselelwa, ungakwazi, kanye nezitshalo eziphakeme). I-spice ayibekezelelanga indawo ehlala njalo, njalo ngonyaka indawo yayo kufanele ishintshwe. I-spice ikhula kahle emva kwezitshalo ezifana no-anyanisi, iklabishi yokuqala kanye nephakathi, ukhukhamba, beet, utamatisi, amazambane, akuyona indlela engcono kakhulu - izaqathe, iklabishi ephuzile.
I-Basil ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-antibiotic" yensimu ngenxa yokukwazi kwakhe ukuzuza eminye imifino kanye nekhono lokuphulukisa imvelo. Iphunga elimnandi lesitshalo liyisikhumba sotamatisi, anyanisi, pepper, ukhukhamba kanye neklabishi, i-whitefly ne-aphid ephumelelayo. Futhi, isipayisi esitshalwe ndawonye no-utamatisi, ngeke sivumele isikhunta kanye ne-powdery isikhutha kwizithombo.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba nokubunjwa
I-Basil ikhula kahle enhlabathini evulekile, egcwele kahle futhi enomsoco. Uma inhlabathi esakhiweni ingenazo izakhiwo ezingenhla, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kwenziwe imisebenzi eminingi yokulungiselela.
- Ekwindla, isayithi libhekwe kuze kube yi-25 cm ejulile.
- Uma ukumba, imifino ephilayo (humus, umquba, umquba) isetshenziswa ngesilinganiso se-2 - 2.5 kg ngomzuzu 2, futhi futhi amaminerali: superphosphate (40 - 50 amagremu ngomzuzu ngamunye2) nosawoti we-potassium (ama-10 - 15 amagremu ngalunye2).
- Entwasahlobo, indawo ikhululiwe kumamitha ayisentimitha angu-10 ukuya kwangu-12, ungakwazi ukwengeza isihlabathi esilungisiwe noma i-peat (izikhwama ezingu-1 -2 ze-25 kilogram ngombhede) ukunikeza ukukhanya kwenhlabathi nokuphefumula.
Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo i-algorithm yesenzo
Okulandelayo, sinikeza imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ekuphumenifuthi sizophendula umbuzo ojabulisa abaningi balimi: isitshalo singcwatshwa ngesikhathi sokutshala?
- Amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni evulekile, kubalulekile ukuthi uqale ukuqhuba "izinqubo zokuthungatha": thatha iziqukathi ezinezitshalo ezincane emoyeni ovuthayo (izinga lokushisa - hhayi ngaphansi kuka + 10ะก), ukwandisa isikhathi sokuhlala nsuku zonke.
- Lungiselela izimbobo ngokubamba ngomugqa owodwa noma iphethini lokuhlola. Ibanga eliphakathi kwabo lingama-20 - 25 amasentimitha, phakathi kwemigqa kuyadingeka ukuba ubuyeke ama-25 - 30 amasentimitha. Ukujula kokufika kwe-fossa - amasentimitha angu-10.
- Ngosuku lokutshala (kungcono uma lifufusa noma kusihlwa), imithombo kumele ichithe kahle (1 litre lamanzi afudumele afudled ngomthombo owodwa).
- Iziqukathi ezinezithombo kufanele zihanjiswe ngobuningi ukuze kugweme ukulimala ohlelweni lwempande lapho selususa esitsheni.
- Lesi sitshalo sisuswa ngokucophelela esitokisini, umhlabathi nezimpande akudingeki ukuzamazama.
- Ngaphandle kwendwangu yomhlaba, ihlumela le-basil libekwe phakathi kwendawo, futhi, ukujulisa isitshalo kuze kuqhume kuqala (indawo yamaqabunga e-cotyledon), ihlanganiswa nenhlabathi.
- Umhlaba ozungeze isiqu kufanele ucindezelwe ngobumnene ukuze ulungise kangcono isihlahla esizayo.
- Lesi sitshalo kumele siphuze futhi.
Ungayinakekela kanjani emva kokufika?
Uhlelo lokunakekela izithombo zezitshalo ze-basil lijwayelekile futhi kuhlanganisa ukuchelela okuvamile, ukukhulula, ukugqoka, ukugqoka.
Emva kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, i-basil kufanele iphuze nsuku zonke (0.5 - 1 litre ngesihlahla) kuze kube yilapho igcwaliswa ngokuphelele. Khona-ke ukuchelela kufanele kube njalo, njengoba isisindo soma.Akufanele uchithe lesi sitshalo kusuka kwipipi ngamanzi kampompi, kungcono - kuhlelwe kahle futhi kufudumale elangeni (kuze kufike ku + 25C). Basil uphendula ngokucophelela ekutheni, okwenziwa yindlela yokwehla. Ngemuva kokunisela, umhlabathi ozungeze isihlahla kufanele ukhululeke ukuze ugweme ukwakheka kwekhasi elomile kanye nokubonakala kokhula (kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-7 phakathi nonyaka okhulayo).
- Ngokubukeka kwamahlamvu aphuzi futhi ngemva kokunqunywa ngamunye, i-basil kufanele idliwe. Kule njongo, kufanelekile kokubili umanyolo owenziwe ngamanzi nobunamaminerali: mullein (1:10), umquba wezinkukhu (1:20), izixazululo ze nitrophoska (2 wezipuni ngamalitha angu-12 amanzi) noma i-ammonium nitrate (1.5 wezipuni 1 ilitha lamanzi).
- Uma ibhasili likhula lifika ku-20 cm, kuyadingeka ukuthi uphonse phezulu, uma lokhu kungakenziwa ngaphambili. Ama-inflorescences avela ehlobo kufanele asuswe. Lezi zenzo zizokwenza ukuba i-branching iphinde ibukeke kahle.
Emva kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, i-basil kufanele iphuze nsuku zonke (0.5 - 1 litre ngesihlahla) kuze kube yilapho igcwaliswa ngokuphelele. Khona-ke ukuchelela kufanele kube njalo, njengoba isisindo soma.Ngokuhambisana nokuhambisana nazo zonke izidingo esitshalo se-thermophilic ezenza ukunakekelwa nokulima, ungajabulela iphunga elimnandi futhi imifino enomsoco yonke ihlobo. Futhi, uma usomile amaqabunga, ngisho nasebusika izinsuku ezishisayo zasehlobo ziyokhunjulwa.
