Iyiphi inhlanyelo isanqante esitshala emhlabathini ovulekile entwasahlobo kanye nendlela yokufeza inqubo?

Izaqathi ezikhulayo kuyisenzo sokudla isikhathi esiningi, ngoba sisho ukunamathela ngokucophelela emisebenzini yezolimo. Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, kubalulekile ukulungisa inhlabathi kusengaphambili, ukucubungula nokuqinisa imbewu, ukhethe isikhathi esifanele kakhulu sokutshala, ungaphutheli ngokukhetha okuhlukahlukene, unikeze ukunakekelwa okunamandla amahlumela amancane.

Iziphambeko esigabeni ngasinye zingaholela ekunciphiseni ukukhiqiza noma ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yayo. Kulesi sihloko ungafunda izincomo zokutshala nokukhula izaqathe, kanye nangemva kwalesi siko kungcono ukutshala.

Izinzuzo nokuqeda

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zokutshala izaqathe entwasahlobo yindlela yokuhlwanyela izinhlobo zakuqala.lokho kuzobe sekulungele ukudla phakathi ehlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intwasahlobo kuphela ongatshala izinhlobo eziphuzile.

Izinkinga zihlanganisa isidingo sokulandela ngokucacile izincomo zezimo zezulu ezifanele zokufika. Uma kungazelelwe, ngenxa ye-vagaries yesimo sezulu, amaqhwa angalindelekile noma ukupholisa okubukhali kuzofika, imbewu inganciphisa ukukhula kwayo noma ife. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kungagwenywa ngokusebenzisa ifilimu noma impahla yokumboza.

I-Sorta

Ezifundeni ezahlukene kunezinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, ezithandwa kakhulu kule ndawo yezulu nezimo zezulu ezikhethekile. Ezinye izinhlobo zisezingeni eliphezulu futhi zifanele ukukhula ezindaweni eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa:

Ngesikhathi sokutshala?

Emgwaqeni ophakathi, isikhathi sokuqala sokuqala ukutshala izaqathe siwela ngo-Ephreli 20-30. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukutshala izinhlobo zokukhula eziqala ukuqala, okungenani phakathi kuka-Julayi zingadliwa kabusha, kanye nokwenza ukuvuna kwasebusika.

Ngiyakwazi yini ukutshala izaqathe ekupheleni kukaMeyi? Uma utshala izaqathe ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni, okumele kwenziwe kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi seminyaka kanye nezinhlobo eziphuzile - isitshalo esizoholela ekugcineni kwesitoreji sokusetshenziswa ebusika.

Kwezinye izifunda, izitshalo zokuqala zentwasahlobo ziqala ukwedlula kancane - ema-Urals, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kwezinsuku zokuqala zikaMeyi, naseSiberia - kusukela ngo-Meyi 10.

Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo: kanjani ukutshala?

Ukulungiselela ukulungiselela

Ukutshala izaqathe zisebenzisa amadivaysi okwenza izinto, nezinyunithi zezimboni. Amadivaysi elula kakhulu isirringe ekhethekile, i-seeder ne-roller. Isimiso sokusebenza kwabo siyafana - imbewu iphoqelelwe ngaphakathi, okuyinto, ngosizo lokucindezela, ukuphoqa imbewu ibe yindawo ekhethiwe. Amadivayisi anjalo afaneleka ama-acreage amancane.

Kanti futhi ngesikhathi sokulingana okusemandleni akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwe-rake noma i-hoe ukuze wenze izimpande. Uma sikhuluma ngendawo enkulu yokutshala, sebenzisa izinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi namadivayisi aklanyelwe uhlelo olunjalo.

Imbewu

1. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kufanele siqale ukukhula ukhula ngaphandle kwembewu engafanelekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uthele ngamanzi afudumele bese ushiya amahora angu-10. Imbewu enhle izohlala phansi, futhi ezimbi zizovela.
2. Khona-ke, ukuze kuhlume kangcono imbewu, ngokulungiselela, kubalulekile ukugeza imbewu yamafutha abalulekile. Kuze kube sekugcineni, imbewu ihlanganiswe esikhwameni se-gauze futhi ifakwe emanzini ashisayo (ama-45-50 degrees) imizuzu engu-20-30. Isikhwama sigxiliwe ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze imbewu ihlanzwe kangcono. Ngemuva kwalokho, imbewu iphinda ihlanzwe emanzini abandayo bese igqokelwe indwangu ehlanzekile, eyomile.
3. Amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukuthi ugcwale imbewu amahora amabili ngamanzi, bese uwubeka embhedeni omuncu bese uwumboza ngenye indwangu yendwangu emanzini phezulu. Imbewu enobuthi ishiywe ekamelweni lokushisa, igxiliwe ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi umswakama uyengezwa uma indwangu isomile.
4. Lapho nje imbewu ivuvukala futhi iqala ukuhluma, ifakwa izinsuku ezingu-10 esiqandisini sokuqina. Emva kwalokho, imbewu ikulungele ukutshala.

Umbhede waseJalimane

Amaviki amabili ngaphambi kokutshala enhlabathini, ungenza umquba wamaminerali. Masinyane ngaphambi kokutshala, umbhede wensimu wesikhathi esizayo kufanele uphuze, ukhululiwe, uqiniseke ukuthi awekho amatshe nezinsimbi ezisele emhlabathini, zifafazwe ngomlotha.

I-Microclimate yokukhula

Ama-karoti angatshala lapho inhlabathi ishayela ku-8-9 ° C, futhi izinga lokushisa lokushisa emini liphakathi kuka-14-16 ° C. Ukushisa okufana nalezi zinsimbi eziphakathi kubonakala kuyingxenye yesibili ka-Ephreli. Ama-karoti athande indawo ekhanyisiwe, ngakho isakhiwo kufanele sikhethe lapho ilanga likhanya njalo.

Abadluli phambili

Emva kwalokho kungcono ukutshala isanqante? Okuhle kunazo zonke isanqante uzizwa emibhedeni eyakhula:

• utamatisi;
• ukhukhamba;
• anyanisi;
• amazambane;
• iklabishi;
• i-garlic.

Ukuhluma kahle

Indlela yokuhlwanyela imbewu nokuthi ingabe utshala kanjani?

1. Kungcono ukulungisa inhlabathi ukulungiselela inhlabathi ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ekwindla - indawo iyacubungulwa, ngemuva kokusungula i-humus ne-ash ash. Akunconywa ukusebenzisa umquba omusha, umanyolo we-nitrogen kufanele usetshenziswe ngokuqapha, ngoba i-nitrojeni eyengeziwe ngesikhathi sehlobo izoba nomthelela ekunciphiseni izinga lokugcina isivuno.
2. I-Grooves for imbewu yokutshala yenza ukujula okungaphezulu kuka-3 cm ebangeni elingama-20-30 cm komunye nomunye.
3. Imifudlana ichitheka ngamanzi, icindezela kancane emhlabathini ukuze yande inhlabathi, futhi itshale imbewu.
4. Khona-ke ama-grooves ahlanganiswa nomhlaba futhi agcwele ifilimu ukuze amahlumela okuqala avele ngokushesha.
5. Ngokushesha lapho amahlumela okuqala ekhuphuka, ifilimu isusiwe.

Indlela yokutshala

Indlela yokutshala i-izaqathe yenziwa ngabalimi, kodwa ayithandwa kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokutshala imbewu. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi ukutshala izithombo kunomsebenzi omningi kakhulu, izaqathe ezivela ezitshalweni zihlushwa kakhulu kusuka emahlumela okusabalalisa futhi zivame ukukhula kancane kwesisindo nobukhulu, okubi kakhulu kugcinwe.

Noma kunjalo, le ndlela nayo inezinzuzo:

• Imigomo yokwamukela isivuno sokuqala yanciphisa kakhulu;
• Asikho isidingo sokuqothula imibhede;
• isanqante fly inqoba ukutshala okunjalo;
• kulula ukulwa nokhula.

Ngaphakathi Kuye ngohlobo lwesanqante, amahlumela okuqala avela ngosuku lwe-7-20 ngemuva kokufika. Amaviki angu-2-3 adinga ukunikeza ukukhula, bese-ke angatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile.

Ngakho-ke, qala ukuhlwanyela imbewu ezitshalweni:

1. izinhlobo zakuqala kungenzeka amasonto 3-4 ngaphambi kokufika emhlabathini;
2. izinkathi zonyaka phakathi nonyaka - amaviki 4-5;
3. sekwephuzile - amasonto ama-5-6.

Umhlabathi wezithombo ungathengwa noma ulungiselelwe ngokuwa ekwindla (isibonelo, ingxube ye-peat, isihlabathi nomlotha ku-10: 5: 0.1). Ubuningi bomhlabathi ebhakheni lokutshala kufanele kube okungenani ngu-15 cm.

1. Imbewu itshalwe ukujula kwe-2 cm ebangeni lika-3 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
2. Njengoba izaqathe zithanda umswakama, okokuqala udinga ukuchelela okuningi. Ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela amahlumela okuqala, imvamisa yokuphuza iyancipha ibe izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto, futhi iqala ukukhiqiza izithombo ebhaleni noma engadini kuya endaweni enelanga yokuqina nokushayela.
3. Ngemuva kokuvuselelwa kwepheshana lesithathu, izithombo zingadliwa nge-ingxube elungiselelwe noma ungalungisa umanyolo ngokwakho (dilute 12 g we-ammonium nitrate, 15 g we-superphosphate kanye no-15 g we-potassium sulfate ku-5 l amanzi).
4. Lapho nje iqabunga lesine livele, izithombo zilungele ukufakwa emhlabathini. Izithombo zangaphambili zidinga ukuphuziswa kahle ukutshala imbewu ngayinye kanye ne-clod yomhlaba.

Indlela engenambewu

Uma utshala imbewu kunezindlela eziningana. Indlela elula futhi esheshayo ukuphawula imifula bese ufaka imbewu kuzo ngokulinganayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngalendlela yokufika ngokungahambi kahle.

Ngakho-ke, abanye abalimi baqhuba izindlela zokutshala isikhathi esiningi, okunye okugwema ukunciphisa:

• Indlela yokuqala ihilela ukusetshenziswa kokunamathisela okuzenzela okusekelwe isitashi sezambane (3 tbsp. L. / 1 ​​litre lamanzi). I-4-6 g yezinhlamvu kanye no-4-5 g we-umquba wanezikhukhula (Agricola, Sudarushka noma eminye imifuno yemifino izokwenza). Isixazululo esiholela kuthululwa kwisitsha esineziphazamiso futhi kancane kancane sithelwa emibhedeni, ehlanganiswa nenhlabathi futhi ihlanganiswe.
• Ngendlela yesibili, ingxenye eyodwa yenzalo ihlanganiswe nezingxenye eziyishumi zesihlabathi esinomhlabathi kanye nengxenye eyodwa yomanyolo. Ingxube eyabangela isatshalaliswa emagqumeni.
• Abanye abalimi basebenzisa abathengi noma amabhande asetshenziswe ekhaya, lapho imbewu ihlanganiswa khona ibanga elingama 4-5 cm komunye nomunye.
• Ungasebenzisa futhi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi umaka (kungaba yinduku ende amazinyo aqanjiwe noma axhunyiwe emgqeni) - ucindezela emhlabathini, kuyoba nemigodla engadini lapho imbewu ifakwa khona.

Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo

Okuyisisekelo, ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlwanyelwa

• Ngaphambi kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala amaqathe, ukuchelela okuningi kuyadingeka - kabili ngeviki, amalitha amane ngomitha wombhede.
• Ngokushesha lapho kuvela amahlumela okuqala (ngokuyisisekelo kwenzeka amasonto amabili emva kokutshala), ukucwiliswa kokuqala kufanele kwenziwe (uma imbewu yatshalwe ngendlela evamile kakhulu). Ungalibali futhi ulinde izimpande zokuqala ezidliwayo zizovela - ngalesi sikhathi ukucwiliswa kuzokwenziwa sekwephuzile, ikhwalithi yesitshalo izokwehla. Ibanga eliphakathi kwamahlumela lingu-4 cm.
• Ngokufanayo, baqala ukulwa nokhula.
• Ngemuva kokunciphisa kubalulekile ukuphuza imibhede ngokukopisha.

Okulandelayo

• Esikhathini esithile emva kokuqothula kokuqala, kungukuqala kokuncipha kwesibili. Ngalesi sikhathi kufanelekile ukuhamba ibanga elingenani lika-8 cm. Uma kuhlwanyelwe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene nezithelo ezinkulu, ibanga lingakhuphuka libe ngu-15 cm.
• Ukunisela kuyancipha kancane kancane ngesonto. Ukusetshenziswa okungenani kuyoba ibhakede elilodwa ngemibhede yemitha yesikwele.
• I-weeding ihlala iyisici esifanayo sokunakekela izitshalo ezikhathalelayo.
• Futhi, kanye kanye ngesonto kunconywa ukuthi ukhulule inhlabathi emkhatsini wemigqa futhi ujikeleze amahlumela - lokhu kuzovumela ukugcwalisa inhlabathi nge-oxygen, futhi ukwandise ikhono layo lokudlula umswakama. Ngenxa yalokhu, izaqathe ziyokhula ngokushesha futhi kuzoba lula ukuvuna esikhathini esizayo.
• Cishe inyanga ngemva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala, ungangeza ukugqoka - 1 tbsp. l I-Nitrofoski noma i-nitroammofoski igxobhoza ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi, futhi ukuphuza amahlumela ngesilinganiso sama-5 amalitha ngesigca ngasinye se-1. Emva kwamasonto amathathu ungaphinda ukugqoka okuphezulu - ikhambi kufanele lilungiswe ngokuvumelana ne-recipe efanayo, kodwa ukwandise izinga lokugeleza ukuya ku-8 amalitha ngomitha ngamunye we-square. m
• Akufanele sikhohlwe mayelana nokulwa nenambuzane eyinhloko yezaqathe - isanqante iyahamba, eqala ukubeka amaqanda emhlabathini entwasahlobo. Njengenye yezindlela zomzabalazo ezisetshenziselwa ukutshala eduze ne-anyanisi e-karoti, iphunga elivimbela le fly.

  Ngemuva kokunciphisa okukodwa, susa izintambo ezisezingeni eliphansi ngokushesha, uma kungenjalo ukuphakama kwesokunxele kuzoheha inhlanzi. Uma kunjalo, ukungcoliswa akukwazi ukugwema, ungakwazi ukulungisa ingxube yomlotha nogwayi, bese ufafaza leli poda phakathi kwemigqa.

  Angithandi i-carrot epholile futhi iphunga le-pepper elibomvu. Ungasebenzisa ukuthengwa kwezinambuzane - kulo Mthetho u-Actellik noma i-Intavir.

Izinkinga nezixazululo

1. Uma ungacabangi ngezinsuku ezinhle kakhulu zokutshala izaqathe (amaqhwa angalindelekile, i-snap ebandayo), kukhona usongo kuwo wonke ukuvunwa esizayo. Noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwefilimu noma impahla yokumboza kungasiza ekuxazululeni le nkinga.
2. Futhi, ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo, bonke abalimi babhekene nokukhula okusebenzayo kokhula, okwesigaba sokuqala kungavimba amahlumela amasha.
3. Ukwenza isanqante sikwazi ukubona, ungafaka ama-radishes, ulethisi noma isipinashi emgqeni ngamunye kanye ne-izaqathe. Zihluma ngokushesha futhi zenze kube lula ukucacisa ukuthi isitshalo sikhula kuphi, nalapho ukhula khona.
4. Futhi, ekugcineni, ikhanda labalimi kungaba ukuhlasela kwezimpukane ze-carrot, empini lapho izilwane ezibulala izimboni zifanelekile, impova nomgwaqo ugwayi nomlotha, futhi utshalwe emibhedeni eyakhelwe u-anyanisi.

Naphezu kokuthi ukutshala ekwindla kwezinqotjhana kuyathandwa phakathi kwabalimi, nokho iningi labo likhetha ukutshala kwentwasahlobo ukuze sikwazi ukukhuphula izinhlobo zakuqala zokusetshenziswa phakathi kwehlobo, futhi kamuva kuzolondolozwa ebusika.

Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isiko ukutshala nokuqothula izaqathe kunezici zayo, ubuqili, ubunzima. Umazi, ungathola imiphumela emihle kakhulu ekutshalweni kwalesi sizinda kusayithi lakho.