Izici kanye nezici ze-izaqathe ezimhlophe: incazelo yezinhlobo ezithandwayo nemithetho yokulima. Amathiphu awusizo

Izaqathe ezimhlophe akuzona imifino ejwayelekile kunazo zonke etafuleni laseRussia, kodwa kunezimboni zayo eziningi eziqotho.

Futhi labo abaye banambitha lokhu okuhlukahlukene, ngeke banqabe. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini ekhethekile ngakho, ngaphandle kombala ongavamile, futhi kungani uhle kakhulu, udinga ukuhlolisisa izimfanelo nezici zayo.

Kulesi sihloko, uzothola ukuthi i-karoti emhlophe ikhula kanjani, indlela yokukhulisa lolu hlobo lwesanqante, futhi uthole olunye ulwazi oluningi oluwusizo ekunakekeleni imifino kanye nokukhethwa kwezicelo.

Kuyini?

Iqiniso liwukuthi umbala wezimpande ngokwawo owanikeza igama le isanqante elimhlophe. Ubaboleka ukungabikho kwe-beta-carotene, okwenza izaqathe ezivamile eziluhlaza. Ngaphandle, ngaphezu kombala wayo, izaqathe ezimhlophe azifani neze nesihlobo sabo. Omunye umehluko - iphunga elimnandi elimnandi ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamafutha abalulekile. Kukholelwa ukuthi izaqathe ezimhlophe zivela e-Afghanistan, e-Iran nase-Pakistan.

• Isihlahla ngokuvamile sidideka nama-parsnips. Zibukeka ngendlela efanayo - i-rhizome emhlophe, zombili zingezomndeni wesambulela. Kodwa uma kuhlolisiswa kuyoba nzima ukubaphazamisa. Umehluko wesici ukuthi ama-parsnips amakhulu futhi amnyama kuneziqathe ezimhlophe.
• Okunye ukuqhathaniswa okungaqondakali ne-turnips. Ngempela, kunezinhlobonhlobo ze-turnip ezimhlophe nge-rhizome ehlanganisiwe futhi encane, kodwa nge-izaqathe ezimhlophe nazo azifani ngokufanayo.

Umlando omfushane wokukhetha

I-progenitress yazo zonke izinhlobonhlobo izaqathe ibhekwa njengesanqante elimhlophe, elibabayo ukunambitheka, elifanele kuphela ukudla kwesilwane. Izaqathi ezimhlophe, ezibomvu neziphuzi zazihlonywe emakhulwini angu-14-15 eJalimane, eFrance, eNgilandi naseNetherlands. Ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi - ngekhulu leshumi le-17, abalimi baseDutch bakwazi ukuveza izinhlobo ezinjengokuqothulwa, izazi ezinomsoco, ezithandeka kakhulu.

Kubonakala kanjani?

Izaqathe ezimhlophe, njengazo zonke izihlobo zayo, zingezomndeni wesambulela. Lesi sitshalo sinamandla, cishe asifani nezinhlobo ze-orange zakudala, sifinyelela ukuphakama kwama-50 cm. Imifino iyinhlanhla, ilula kancane, efana nezinhlobo ezithile ze-parsley. Amaqabunga agqamile, akhuphuka, akhuphukela ku-20-30 cm, amelana nokubonakala kwamachashazi nezinye izifo. I-rantikome emhlophe ye-rhizome yesimo esithintekayo, ebushelelezi, enwebekayo, enamanzi, ikhula ngo-10-15 cm ubude.

Yini ehlukile kwezinye izinhlobo?

Ngaphandle, izinhlobo zezinqathe ezimhlophe, ngaphezu kombala we-rhizome, azifani nezihlobo zazo, kodwa kuyoba nzima ukuthola indawo yezimfanelo nezakhiwo zabo. Ukungafani okuyinhloko:

• umbala omhlophe (noma nge-ivory of ivory) ye-rhizome;
• Imifino yemifino enomsoco namnandi kakhulu;
• lathi iphunga elimnandi (ngenxa yamafutha abalulekile);
• isikhumba esincane esincane;
• ikhalori ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ze-orange;
• ezifanele izifo zomzimba (labo abangakwazi ukudla imifino enemibala).

Kuphi okukhulayo?

Esimweni, ngokuvamile izaqathe ezimhlophe ziyatholakala emazweni aseMedithera. Uma ikhulile ngokuzimela, ikhula kangcono esimweni sezulu esifudumele samazwe e-CIS. ERussia, ensimini elula kungcono ukukhula ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Kuzo zokugcina izithombo, izaqathe ezimhlophe zingakhula yonke indawo.

• Izaqathe ezimhlophe zihlwanyela kahle ekukhanyeni, okuxekethile, "ukuphefumula" kwenhlabathi, enhlabathini engathathi hlangothi noma encane.
• Kungcono ukutshala imbewu endaweni lapho bakhula ukhukhamba, iklabishi, utamatisi noma anyanisi. Kodwa ngemuva kwe-parsley noma i-dill, iyokhula kakhulu, inhlabathi emva kwayo idinga ukucutshungulwa.

Izinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zalezimpande?
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinqathe ezimhlophe ziyiziqondiso zabaholi abayiminyaka eminingi. Kulezi, izinhlobo ezintathu ze "Lunar wite", "Waite satin" ne "White Belgian" ziyavela.

I-Lunar wite

Izinhlobonhlobo zenziwa ngokukhethekile ekusetshenzisweni ukupheka. Ihlukana nokuvutha okunomsoco okunomsoco, okumnandi nokukhathele. Izitshalo zomsuka omncane, ezinesikhumba esincane nomnene, zikhula zingabi ngaphezu kuka-30 cm.

Ukuqala - ukuthatha izimpande kungaqaliswa ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili. Unamazinga okushisa okwanele angu-+16, +20 degrees nokuphuza okuhle ukunikeza isivuno esikhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i- "Moonlight White" idinga izimo nokunakekelwa - idinga inhlabathi emnyama, izinga lokushisa elizinzile, ukufika ngezikhathi eziqondile kanye nokuchelela okuvamile.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezidingekile, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zigcinwe kahle isikhathi esingaphezulu konyaka. Ngenxa yokuhluka kwayo okuvuthiwe efanelekayo ezindaweni ezibandayo (i-Ural, eSiberia), eningizimu ngenkathi ungayiphatha ukuthola izivuno eziningana. Izindleko ze-sachet eyodwa ye-Lunar ijubane lingama-ruble angu-40 entengo ngayinye.

I-Waite satin

Umholi phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezimhlophe ukunambitha. Futhi ngokujwayelekile enye yezinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu. Izimpande zawo ziqhwa ngeqhwa ngaphandle (inyama iyakha kamnandi kakhulu), i-smooth, yamanzi kanye ne-crispy, ifomu elilinganiselwe le-cylindrical ngomsila obukhali. Ubude be-fetus 25-30 cm, isisindo sika 100 amagremu.

Izinhlobonhlobo ukuvuthwa kokuqala, ukuze kuvuthwe, kuthatha izinyanga ezimbili, umjikelezo wonke kusukela ekutshalweni kuya ekutshaleni kuthatha isilinganiso sezinsuku eziyikhulu. Futhi efuna inhlabathi, ukuchelela okuvamile, ukushisa nokuthandana, Thenga izinto ezihlukahlukene ze-Waite satin ngenani elilinganiselwe lama-ruble angu-21 ngephakeji ngalinye.

I-White belgian

Emazweni aseYurophu, ubizwa nangokuthi "i-Blanche A Collet Vert". Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zaqhamuka eziqothanini ezimhlophe zefolda, eyaziwa eFrance ngekhulu le-19. Izitshalo zomsuka ziyi-spindly, ezinkulu (kufika ku-25 cm), isithelo ngokwawo simhlophe, kodwa inyama iluhlaza. Ingxenye engenhla ("ihlombe") iba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. "I-White Belgian" ikhula ngokushesha, amahlumela avela kungakapheli amasonto angu-1.5, emva kwezinyanga ezingu-2.5-3 isilungele ukuvuna.

Ukuhlukahluka kwenhlabathi akudingi, njengezidlule, ikhula kalula emhlabathini ovulekile futhi ayidingi umanyolo okhethekile. Ezimayini - ezinzima kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ngoba ukuvela kwamahlumela kudinga izinga lokushisa okungenani + ama-degrees angu-10, kodwa ama-frost avele angawabulala wonke amahlumela.

Ukunambitheka kwe "White Belgian" kuncane kakhulu, kwembula ukunambitheka kuphela emva kokwelashwa kokushisa - ukupheka noma ukucheka. Izindleko ze-hybrid "yeBelgium" zifika kuma-ruble angu-180.

Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali yemifino yezimpande

Ekubunjweni kwawo kwamakhemikhali, izaqathe ezimhlophe zihlukile kancane kubalingani bazo ezinemibala. Umehluko omkhulu ukungafiki kwe-beta-carotene. Uma sikhuluma ngamavithamini namaminerali aqukethe izaqathe ezimhlophe, zigcwele kuwo:

• i-ascorbic acid;
• isisindo samavithamini weqembu "B" (thiamine, riboflavin, retinol, geranol, folic acid, nabanye);
• amavithamini: E, K noH;
• amaminerali (potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfure kanye ne-chlorine);
• ukulandelela izici: (zinc, iron, copper, fluorine, iodine, manganese, selenium, boron, lithium, nezinye);
• bioflavonoids;
• amafutha abalulekile;
• amino acids;
• i-fiber eyamafutha;
• i-pectin.

Kuphawulwe nokuthi izaqathe ezimhlophe ziqukethe ukhalori oluncane kuno-orange.

Izakhiwo

Izinzuzo

Imifino enjalo yemifino egcwele imifino esebenzisa njalo ngendlela yayo eluhlaza futhi esetshenzisiwe (ngisho nangesikhathi ukwelashwa kokushisa iningi lamavithamini ezinqotweni ezimhlophe ligcinwa) linomphumela omuhle kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu:

• Okuqukethwe kwe-fibre kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamathumbu futhi kuvumela ukugaya, okuwusizo ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza.
• Kunciphisa ingozi yokushaywa komzimba futhi kusize ekuvimbeleni ukuqina kwesifo somzimba.
• Ivimbela ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso sezinzwa nobuchopho (kuhlanganise nesifo se-Alzheimer).
• Ugcwalisa ukungabi namavithamini namaminerali emzimbeni.
• Kuyafaneleka ekudleni kwemithi yokudla kanye nokudla kwezingane.
• Unomphumela wesifo sokudla nesifo se-choleretic.
• Njengoba i-antioxidant yemvelo ivuselela umzimba.
• Ukulwa nezinqubo zokuvuvukala, ukuphazamisa amabhaktheriya e-pathogenic.
• Ukuphumelela ekulwa nezimpungushe.
• Ibuyisela amandla, ikhulule ubuhlungu nokukhathala.
• Uqinisa amasosha omzimba.
• I-normalizes microflora yamathumbu, ekhonjiswe ngesikhathi sokuphulukiswa ngemva kokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic.
• Isetshenziswe njenge-agent ye-mucolytic.
• Ukunciphisa amazinga kashukela egazini, kunconywa ngesifo sikashukela.
• Okuqukethwe kwe-copper, zinc kanye nickel kusihlanza igazi.
• Umphumela oqinisekisiwe wokuvimbela umdlavuza.

Kulimaza

Izaqathe ezimhlophe azikwazi ukuletha umonakalo, kodwa kufanele futhi zidliwe ngokulingana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu lamavithamini kulo lingabangela i-hypervitaminosis. Iqiniso ngukuthi lokhu udinga ukudla inani elikhulu. Futhi imiphumela emibi ingavamile kangangokuthi ihlukile ekubuseni. Ngakho-ke izaqathe ezimhlophe zingalimaza:

• Noma kunjalo, kungabangela imithwalo yemvelo ngokusetshenziswa njalo (ngenxa yamakhemikhali namafutha abalulekile).
• Kungabangela ukuvuvukala kwe-mucosa emathunjini, ukuqotshwa noma isifo sohudo kanye nokukhushulwa kwezifo zamathumbu.
• Isizungu, ubuthakathaka kanye nokucabangela, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo ngesikhathi sokudla ngokweqile kwamavithamini B kanye ne-white ascorbic acid equkethe izaqathe ezimhlophe.
• Ukuze ube nomthelela omkhulu wokushisa.
• Ukukhushulwa kwezifo ze-thyroid (nezifo zesimiso se-endocrine kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokuqapha).

Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ezichazwe ngenhla ziyinto engavamile kakhulu futhi yiyona into ecasulayo kakhulu ekubuseni.

Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Ukukhula Iziqondiso

Ilungiselela ukufika

1. Uma utshala izaqathe ezimhlophe, uzodinga inqola yendabuko: ifosholo kanye ne-hoe, kokubili kumele kuhlanzeke, ngaphandle kwezinhlayiya zomanyolo nezinye izinto.
2. Izaqathe ezimhlophe zikhula kangcono ezindaweni ezingathathi hlangothi kanye ne-asidi, kanye nasemhlabathini omnyama nokukhanya okulula. Uma uhlela ukutshala izaqathe ezimhlophe ebusika, kungcono ukhethe umhlabathi we-peat noma unesihlabathi. Ekwindla, ungenza umanyolo we-potash ne-phosphate. Ngaphambi kokumba umhlabathi.
3. Imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela idinga ukulungiswa - cwilisa cishe usuku nosombululo lwamanzi noma umanyolo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imbewu isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo, kunconywa ukuthi ixutshwe nesihlabathi (cishe 1 ithisipuni lezinhlamvu ngekombe yesihlabathi). Isikhathi sokuhluma - emva kwezinsuku ezingu-18 kuya kwezingu-20.

Inqubo

Hlwanyela izaqathe ezimhlophe ziqale, ngokuvamile phakathi entwasahlobo. Izitshalo zasebusika zitshalwe kusukela ngo-Okthoba Uma isivuno sidingeka ekupheleni kwehlobo lokugcina, kungcono ukuhlwanyela ngoMeyi-Juni. Imibhede yenziwe ngesimo se-groove nge-hoe, khona-ke imbewu isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuzo.

Esikhathini sokutshala, kungcono ukugxila eziciweni ezihlukahlukene (kuboniswe kuphakheji). Kodwa kufanele njalo kukhunjulwe ukuthi impande izoyidinga indawo yokukhula, futhi kufanele inikezwe.

• ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa kumele okungenani li-30 cm;
• emva kokuqeda, gcina ibanga lika-5-15 cm;
• ukujula kokuhlwanyela okungaphansi kwama-5 cm ehlobo no-5 cm ebusika.

Ukunakekela

1. Isimiso esiyisisekelo ekunakekeleni izaqathe ezimhlophe ukuwuhlinzeka nge-microclimate edingekayo:
   • ukushisa kwenhlabathi kufanele kube okungenani ama-8-10 degrees;
   • kubalulekile ukumboza imibhede ngemuva kokuhlwanyela ngendwangu emanzini ukuqinisekisa umswakama nokufinyelela emoyeni.
2. Emva kokutshala, izaqathe ezimhlophe azidingi ukuchelela njalo, emva kokuvela kwamahlumela, kudinga ukuphuza kaningi, kepha ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuvuthwa, ukuchelela kufanele kulinganiselwe izikhathi ezimbili ngenyanga. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezimpande izitshalo kungcono ukunciphisa ukuchelela okungenani.
3. Zondla izaqathe kathathu ngesikhathi sokukhula. Owokuqala - emva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala, khona-ke ngezikhathi zenyanga eyodwa. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyenziwa kuphela ngamanyolo wamaminerali, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umquba emva kokunisela.
4. Ukukhululeka kuyisinyathelo esidingekayo ekunakekeleni izaqathe ezimhlophe. Uyakuthanda umoya. Kungcono ukukhulula inhlabathi ngokushesha emva kokuhluma. Esikhathini esilandelayo emva kokuqothula - phakathi kwemigqa, nokukhula kakade phakathi kwezitshalo. Ukukhulisa imifino yezimpande kumele kuhlungwe ukuze ukuhlelwa okuluhlaza kungabonakali engxenyeni ehlongozayo.
5. Ukuqeda izaqathi ezimhlophe kufanele zibe kabili kulo lonke isikhathi sokukhula.
6. Ukunambitheka kufanele kwenziwe lapho amahlumela efinyelela okungenani okungama-15 cm. Ngalokhu, sebenzisa utshani obusha noma obomile, izinaliti zamapayipi, umquba, izinambuzane, amaqabunga amancane. Ungasebenzisa futhi izinto zokumboza, i-burlap, noma i-cardboard. Amaphephandaba, utshani kanye ne-peat akufanelekile ukuhlanganiswa.

Ukuvuna nokugcina isivuno

• Isikhathi sokuvuna sizoxhomeka ezinhlobonhlobo.
• Usuku olufudumele nolomile lukhethiwe.
• Uma isanqante isusiwe kahle, ungasebenzisa i-spade noma amafoloko.
• Ukuqotela izaqathi zihlungwa, ezifanele ukugcinwa zigcinwe ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate futhi somiswe emoyeni evulekile ekushiseni kwama-degrees angu-15.
• Kungcono ukugcina izaqathe endaweni encane eyomile ekushiseni okungu-0 kuya ku -4 emabhokisini enhlabathi, i-sawdust noma ikhasi le-anyanisi.

Amaphutha avamile

Izaqathe ezimhlophe zikhula kalula. Kodwa Kubalulekile ukugwema ukungcola:

1. Ngaphambi kokuba i-carrot ihlume, kungcono ukungayinisi, ukuze ugweme ukwakheka kwe-crust emhlabathini.
2. Ngokushesha nje lapho amaqabunga amathathu enza, izaqathe kumele zibe mncane. Lokhu kwenziwa futhi ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezimpande. Kufanele kube khona ibanga lokungenani u-5 cm phakathi kwezimpande.
3. Spud izaqathe adingekayo.

Izifo, izinambuzane kanye nokuvimbela kwabo

Izinhlobonhlobo zezinqathe ezimhlophe kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye zingase zibe nezifo nezinambuzane. Ukulwa nabo kuhamba ngendlela efanayo nangezinhlobo ze-orange:

• Kusuka ukubola omnyama Ungayilahla, uma uphefa amahlumela nge "Rovral".
• I-Cercosporosis kunganqotshwa ngosizo lomxazululo we-Bordeaux ingxube.
• Amazolo kaMealy ne-bacteriosis zinyamalale uma isitshalo siphathwa nge-fungicides.
• Wazizwa iyanyamalala ngemuva kokwelashwa ikhambi le-chlorine yethusi.
• Izimpukane ze-carrot, amahlamvu ekhanda, isanqante izobhubhisa i-VDG, i-Decis Profi nabanye. Kusuka kumakhambi omuntu - isisombululo sesephu, i-ashy brew noma i-decoction yezinhlayiya zamatamatisi.
• Kusuka Izinyosi uzosindisa isisombululo seviniga, esithululelwa emgodini.

Ngokuba ukuvimbela ama-carrots amancane aphethwe ngoJuni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungacubungula izingxenye zomhlabathi ukukhipha inambuzane. I-Immunocytofit neminye imikhiqizo yokuzivikela ephethe ama-bioactive agents okuthuthukisa ukuzivikela komzimba izokusiza.

Izinketho zokusetshenziswa

• Okumnandi - ngendlela yama-saladi, ijusi, nje kuphela.
• Ngesikhathi ukwelashwa kokushisa: abilisiwe, okuthosiwe, okuphekwe.
• Ngenza itiye lokuphulukisa kusuka eziqongweni.
• Ngezinhloso zokwelapha, sebenzisa i-decoction yezimpande.

Izaqathe ezimhlophe akuzona nje izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezithandwa kakhulu. Lokhu kuyimifino enomsoco, enempilo futhi enempilo ehlukahlukene, okuyinto, ngokunakekelwa kahle, kulula ukukhula ezweni lethu sisodwa.