Amazambane kaMbusi "Tuleevsky": incazelo ehlukahlukene, isithombe, izici, izici

Izinhlobonhlobo zadalwa ngabalimi baseKemerovo Region futhi zabizwa ngokuthi umbusi wazo u-Aman Gumirovich Tuleyev.

Ipulasitiki engokwemvelo, ukungahloniphi izimo zezuluEminyakeni engaphansi kwengu-10, amazambane amahle athola ukunakwa kwama-mbatata abalimi, ahlukaniswe phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo eziyishumi ezidumile kakhulu ezweni.

Ngokuqinisekile imifino ye-Tuley ilawula emasimini okulima, emapulazini nasezimbonini ezizimele.

Tuleyevsky amazambane izici kanye nencazelo ezihlukahlukene

U-Tuleyevsky otholwe ukuhlanganiswa kwe-intraspecific kweminyaka eyi-10 yamahlobo aseCanada naseRashiya (eChernsky, Tolkan). Ikhodi kuRejista Yombuso yeRussia Federation ngu-9610178. Unyaka wokufakwa kubhalisa ngu-2006.

Izinhlobo ze-Patent: I-GNU Institute of Potatoes kubo. A. G. Lorkha GNU Kemerovo NIISH.

Izindawo eziphakanyisiwe zezinhlobo ezikhulayo:

IRiphabhlikhi yaseMari El, i-Udmurtia ne-Chuvashia, i-Perm Territory, i-Kirov, i-Nizhny Novgorod ne-Sverdlovsk.
I-Republic of Altai, iKemerovo, iNovosibirsk, i-Omsk, iTomsk, izifunda zeTyumen.
I-Republic of Buryatia, iSakha (Yakutia), iTyva, iKhakassia, iTrans-Baikal neKrasnoyarsk Territory, esifundeni sase-Irkutsk.
I-Khabarovsk ne-Primorsky Krai, i-Amur, iKamchatka, iMagadan, izifunda zaseSakhalin.

Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nomdlavuza, isikhala, ukubola, Alternaria, izinambuzane ezinambuzane, ama-parasites. Uhlukana nokungaqondakali kwi-nematode yegolide yamazambane.

Funda futhi ngalezi zifo ezivamile njenge-fusarium, ukulimala kwelanga, verticillis.

I-Morphology

Isihlahla esinamandla sokuphakama okuphakathi (30-35 cm). Izitshalo ezinomlomo oqondile, ophakathi. Amahlamvu amancane. Ukuma kanye nohlobo lwehlathi kulungele ukugcinwa nokuhlanza. Ukuhlanganiswa kwehlathi kukuvumela ukuba utshale amazambane ahlukahlukene Tuleyevsky phakathi kweberry ezihlabayo, izihlahla zezithelo ukugcina isikhala.

Shiya uhlaza obumnyama obumnyama. Usayizi wekhasi luhlobo oluphakathi, oluvulekile noma oluphakathi. Ukukhanya okuncane komkhawulo. Izimbali ezimhlophe ezineziphuzi eziphuzi kanye ne-corolla enkulu emhlophe. Ukuqina kwezimbali kuyamaphakathi. Ukwakhiwa kwamaberry ambalwa.

Izinhlobo zezambane ze-Tuleevsky zinomumo olingene oval oval, ngisho. Isakhiwo se-peel sichazwe kahle, sishaya kancane. I-rind iphuzi. I-pulp ilukhuni, iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amehlo ayingavamile, aphuzi, angenasisekelo, amancane. Ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu kuqinisekiswa ngokuba khona okungenani amahlumela ayisithupha.

Isisindo somzimba we-tuber singama-120-270 g. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezihle kakhulu, izithelo zomuntu ngamunye zikhula zibe ngu-500-600 g. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezilinganiselwa ku-20-30 ezinesisindo esiphezulu se-7 kg ziguqulwe ezihlahleni. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezincane zingavamile kakhulu.

Isithombe

Isithombe sikhombisa amazambane ezihlukahlukene Tuleyevsky:

Izimpawu zezomnotho

KuRejista Yombuso, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezambatho uTuleyevsky zichazwa njengezilimi zakuqala. Ukusuka ekutshalweni kuya ekwakheni isivuno esithengiswayo izinsuku ezingu-50-60, iziqongo ziqala ukuphela ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-60-90.

Ukuvunwa okuphezulu, ezinzile, ephakeme kuneNevsky ejwayelekile. Ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla ezijwayelekile kuyinhlangano engamaphesenti angama-180-300 ngehektha ngalinye. Ukuphumelela okuphezulu kwamaphesenti angama-424 ngehektha ngalinye.

Ungaqhathanisa isivuno sezinto ezihlukahlukene zeTuleevsky nezinye izinhlobo zamazambane usebenzisa itafula elingezansi:

Izilimo eziyizigaxa zitholakala eduze nendawo, isidleke sineqhamuka. Iqukethe isitashi se-14-17%. Imakethe kuze kube ngu-99%. Ukugcina izinga eliphezulu kuze kufike kuma-85-90%. Ngenxa yokwanda kwe-pulp nezithelo ezihlukahlukene ukumelana nomonakalo okwenziwa mechanical, ukubekezelela ngokuphelele ukuhamba.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nesikhathi nokushisa kwezinkinga zesitoreji. Kanti futhi nokuthi ungagcina kanjani izimpande ebusika, emgodini, emgodini, esiqandisini, uhlanzwa.

Ikhuluma eqenjini lokudlela lokuya khona. Uma upheka izilimo eziyizigaxa ungabiliseki, yenza umumo wazo, ube nesiphuzo sezambane. Kuhloswe ukulungiselela izifundo zesibili, kuhle kakhulu kumazambane ahlambulukile. Izinhlobonhlobo zokudla zilinganiswa kakhulu. Ngokwezibuyekezo nemiphumela yocwaningo, akusilo phansi, futhi lidlula, izinhlobo zokubhekisela ze-Adretta, i-Rocco, ne-Jelly.

Etafuleni elingezansi ungathola izici eziyinhloko zezinye izinhlobo zamazambane:

Ukufaneleka kwezihlukahlukene

Ukulwa nesomiso. Tuleevskaya amazambane cishe akudingi ukuchelela. Ayidingi ama-phosphorus nama-fertilizer ammonia. Ngokuntuleka kwe-boron emhlabathini ku-tuber kwakhiwe ama-voids angeke agcinwe isikhathi eside.

Funda ulwazi oluningiliziwe lokuthi ungadla kanjani amazambane, nini futhi kanjani ukusebenzisa umanyolo, ukuthi ungayenza kanjani uma utshala.

Izinhlobo ze-Agrotechnika

Izinhlobo ze-Agrotechnology Tuleyevskogo ezijwayelekile. Izinto zokutshala inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala zibeka ungqimba lwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezingu-2-3 zokugcizelela, ukugwema ukukhanya kwelanga. Ukuze kuvikelwe umonakalo emahlathini nezilimo eziyizigaxa nge-wireworm, i-Colorado amazambane i-beetle, amazambane ama-mbatata, kanye nama-Medvedka, i-agronomists icebisa ukuthi indaba ehlwanyelwe yokutshala kufanele ifakwe ngamalungiselelo e-Prestige and Taboo.

Siphinde sikuqaphele uchungechunge lwezihloko mayelana nokulwa ne-Colorado amazambane beetle ebaleni lakho.

Funda konke mayelana namakhambi odumile namakhemikhali.

Ukuze kusebenze ukuhluma kwamehlo, ngcono ukuzivikela, yakha isihlahla esinamandla, ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala, uphathe nganoma yisiphi isisusa esinjenge "Epin-Extra", "Emistim".

Indlela engcono kakhulu ibhekwa njengokufika emigodini. Izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu yamazambane uTuleyevsky, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu, zihlukaniswa zibe yizicucu ezingu-2-3 ezinesisindo esingama-50 g, zishiya ama-2-3 ama-peepholes ngamunye. Spread elangeni, shiya kuze kube ukuthi i-peel ayitholi i-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ekude kwamasentimitha angu-65-70 ukusuka komunye nomunye ukulungisa imithombo ngokujula kwe-10-15 cm.

Bamba inhlabathi kabili - ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Hlanza ngokucophelela izimpande kanye neziqu zokhula. Ukufika kuqala kuphela ngemva kokuba umhlaba ulingane kuze kube ngu-8-10 ° С. Ukunisela okuhlukahlukene akudingi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyaphikisana naye. Esikhathini esinomsola esinzima ukuvula izisindo. Ukuxubanisa kungasetshenziswa ukulawula ukhula.

Hilling. Yenza okungenani kathathu ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ngemuva kokuhluma, amahlumela alala ngokuphelele, ahlume ngokushesha ngemva kokuvela kwezimbali zokuqala, ngesikhathi sokugcina lapho "bebeka" iziqongonga eziqongweni eziphezulu.

Esikhathini sezulu esingavamile ngaphambi kokuba i-ending ehamba phambili ekhoneni yenza isisombululo esinomsoco wezinkukhu noma umquba wokusekela izitshalo. Ukuvuna qala lapho iziqongo ziphenduka ophuzi bese ziphela.

Kunezindlela eziningana zokukhulisa amazambane. Funda kusayithi lethu konke mayelana nobuchwepheshe be-Dutch, mayelana nokuthola isitshalo ngaphandle kokusilahla nokukhuphuka, ngokukhula kwezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, izindlela ezingaphansi kwendwangu, emiphongolweni, emabhokisini, emasakeni.

Isitoreji. Ukutshala ukusetshenziswa okuqondile noma ukudayiswa kugcinwa ngokwehlukana kwizinto zembewu. Lapho ugcina imbewu yamazambane ungavumeli umakhelwane wezilimo eziyizigaxa zezinye izinhlobo. Ukusekelwa kwesitolo t + 3 ° C, umswakama 90-95%.

Uma kungenakwenzeka ukugcina i-microclimate esitebeleni endaweni yokugcina, amabhokisi ahlanganiswe ngotshani noma impahla yokumboza. Ngaphambi kokubeka izilimo eziyizigaxa zezitshalo zageza, zimile kahle ekukhanyeni. Izinhlobo zamazambane ezihlukahlukene ze-Tuley zibhekwa njengenye yezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zasekhaya. Ukungahambisani nokubunjwa kwenhlabathi, ukuvumelanisa nezimo ezimbi, isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu sikwenza ukuba sikwazi ukukhulisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-gubernatorial cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia kokubili emapulazini angasese nangaphakathi kwebhizinisi.

Siphakamisa ukuthi ujwayelane nezinye izinhlobo ezinemibala ehlukahlukene yokuvuthwa: