Amazambane adumile "Sante": incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, ukunambitha, izithombe, izici

Izinhlobo zokuqala zama-mbatata zikhombisa ukulinganisela okuphelele kokunambitheka nokukhiqiza.

Lezi zimfanelo zihlukanisa ibanga elidumile le-Santaefanelekayo ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia. Amazambane angenakuzithoba, kulula ukuhlanza, okuncane kakhulu okubhekene nezifo.

Incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlobonhlobo ingatholakala kamuva kusihloko. Futhi ukujwayele izici zayo eziyinhloko, ukufunda konke mayelana nezici zokulima kanye nokuthambekela kokulimala yizinambuzane. Okunye okushiwo yizithombe zemifino yezimpande.

Incazelo ye-Potato Santa ehlukahlukene

• Izilimo eziyizigaxa zinkulu, zilinganisa kusuka ku-100 kuya ku-150 g;



• isimo se-oval noma se-round-oval;
• Izilimo eziyizigaxa zibushelelezi, zihlanzekile;
• i-peel iphuzi, imbala enemibala, iminyene ngokweqile, ibushelelezi;
• amehlo angenasisekelo, angajulile, angabonakali, kodwa amaningi;
• i-pulp ekunqunyeni iphuzi elilula;
• Umthamo we-starch uphansi, kusuka ku-10 ukuya ku-14.2%;
• okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwendaba eyomile, amavithamini weqembu B kanye ne-carotene.

Izici nokunambitha

Santa - ephakathi kwethebula elihlukahlukene. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala ekuvuneni, kudlule izinsuku ezingu-80-90. Umkhiqizo uhle, izimpande ezivunyiwe zigcinwe kahle.

Amazambane anesimo esihle, esilungele ukuthengisa noma ukucubungula ezimbonini. I-rind yincani kodwa isinyene, inhle ivikela izimpande kumonakalo womshini.

Ukukhiqiza kuncike esimweni nasesimweni esikhulayo. Kuncike ekutheni kunomsoco wenhlabathi, kuphakathi kwama-270 kuya ku-570 abaphakathi kwehektha ngalinye.

Ithebula elingezansi lokuqhathanisa linikeza imininingwane emvunweni yezinye izinhlobo zamazambane:

Misa izihlahla, ukuphakama okuphakathi, uhlobo oluphakathi. Amagatsha ahamba ngokulinganayo, ukwakheka kobukhulu obuhlaza kunesilinganiso. Amaqabunga amancane, alula, aluhlaza.

Izimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe ziqoqiwe kubashayeli be-compact. Uhlelo lwempande lwakhiwe kahle, ngaphansi kwesitshalo ngasinye 15-20 nezilimo eziyizigaxa zenziwa.

Amazambane angama-thermophilic, Ukufika kuqale ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobolapho usongo lweqhwa seludlulile. Izimila zikhula kakhulu kunabo bonke emazingeni aphezulu okushisa emoyeni (kufika ku-degrees 29) nomswakama olinganiselayo.

Ukushisa ngokweqile nesomiso kumisa ukukhula kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ukuze kunikezwe isivuno esihle, kunconywa nokunisela kanye nokudla okunye okufakelwa ngamaminerali kanye namanyolo eziphilayo.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi, kungabangela i-lesion nge-rhizo-toniosis noma umlenze omnyama.

Amazambane ama-Santa ayathandayo. Ama-potato ka-Sante ane-flavour ecebile enhlengaphandle ukoma ngokweqile noma amanzi. Ngenxa yobuncane besitashi, izilimo eziyizigaxa azibiliseki, zigcina isimo esihle.

Uma ukucubungula nokupheka amazambane ungabi mnyama. Okufanele ukucheba okujulile, ukupheka izinkukhu, ukuxuba imifino, isobho, ukugxila, ukugosa. Mhlawumbe ukulungiswa kwemikhiqizo engapheli ekugcineni kwezezimboni.

Izinhlobonhlobo kuhle ukudlela cuisine, imifino izimpande zilungiselelwe ngokushesha, zibukeka ezikhangayo kakhulu. Ukuze mashing ayifanele. Igcinwe kahle.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokushisa nokugcina isitoreji samazambane, ngezinkinga ezingenzeka. Futhi mayelana nokuthi ungagcina kanjani ebusika, emabhokisini nasesikhalini, esiqandisini, uhlanzwa.

Isithombe

Isithombe sibonisa izinhlobo zamazambane zikaSanta

Amandla nobuthakathaka

Kuya izinzuzo eziyinhloko izinhlobo zihlanganisa:

• ukunambitheka kakhulu kwemikhiqizo yezimpande zezitshalo;
• ukuvuthwa okusheshayo;
• isivuno esihle kakhulu;
• izilimo eziyizigaxa ezivuthiwe zigcinwe kahle;
• indawo yonke yezitshalo;
• amazambane afanele ukudayiswa;
• ukumelana nomonakalo okwenziwa ngomshini;
• ukunakekelwa okungazenzisi;
• ukubekezelelana kwesomiso;
• Imbewu yezinto eziphilayo ayihlali phansi;
• ukumelana nezifo ezinkulu.

Izici ezihlukahlukene zihlanganisa uthando lokushisa nokubekezelelana ku-frost. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, isivuno siyanciphisa kakhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo zizwela ekunciphiseni komsoco wenhlabathi.

Ukuqhathanisa izici zeSanta nezinye izinhlobo zamazambane, bheka ithebula elingezansi:

Umsuka

Amazambane ahlukahlukene we-Sante aphethwe ngabalimi besiDashi. Kufakwe kwiRejista Yombuso yeRussia Federation ngo-1993. Zoned for Central, Volga-Vyatka, Enyakatho, eNyakatho-Western, Lower Volga, Ural, Western Siberia, ezindaweni zaseMpumalanga Ekude.

Ukulima okungenzeka ngokulimala ezimbonini, kanye nasezimbonini ezizimele nezizimele. Ukuvuna kahle okugcinwe, ukuhamba kungenzeka. Ikhwalithi yezohwebo ayishintshi izinyanga ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuhlanza.

Izici zokukhula

Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo kulezi zihlukahlukene kuyinto evamile. Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekisela ekuthandeni ukushisa, ukutshala kuqala lapho inhlabathi ishisa ngokugcwele. Inhlabathi ikhululiwe ngokucophelela, ukutshala izinsalela nezinye izinto ezingenasidingo ezikhethiwe. I-humus endala noma umuthi okhuni ukhonjelwa emigodini. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zitshalwe kude ku-35-40 cm, kuya ekujuleni kuka-10 cm. Ngemuva kokugwedla, amasheji aphezulu asele. Ukunciphisa umzimba kuzosiza ekulawuleni ukhula.

Izakhiwo zamaminerali ezikhethwe nge-potassium, i-magnesium ne-phosphorus, kanye nezindaba eziphilayo (i-diluted mullein noma i-droppings yezinyoni). Ukwanda ngokweqile kwama-fertilizer nitrogenous (urea noma i-ammonium nitrate) kuholela ekukhuleni okuchichimayo kwezinto ezibhebhethekisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungadla kanjani amazambane, nini futhi kanjani ukusebenzisa umanyolo, ukuthi ungayenza kanjani uma utshala.

Imbewu yembewu eqoqwe ezihlahleni ezinhle kunawo wonke, ezikhiqiza kakhulu. Akufanele kuthinteke yizinambuzane noma amagciwane.

Izitshalo ezifanelekile zimakwe kusengaphambili, emva kokumba amazambane zihlungwa, zomile futhi zigcinwe ngokwehlukana. I-Potato ye-cultivar Santa ayilungele ukubola, kodwa imbewu inconywa ukuthi ibuyekezwe njalo eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyisithupha.

Amazambane aphelile ukudlulisa ukuhlanzwa okwenziwa ngemishini, izilimo eziyizigaxa ziphikisana nomonakalo owenziwe ngomshini. Ngemuva kokuvuna, kuyomiswa kahle, kulandelwe ukuhlunga.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene ekutshalweni kwamazambane kubangelwa ukuphikisana nokuphikisana.

Siyakunikisela ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nokuthi kungani ama-herbicide nezinambuzane ezisebenzisayo zisetshenziswa kanjani ekulimeni amazambane.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zePatato Sante ukumelana nezifo ezinobungozi kakhulu: umdlavuza wezambane, i-scab ejwayelekile, i-cyst nematode, ama-virus kagwayi e-fake, i-twisting noma i-leaf wrinkling.

Ukumelana ngokulingana nokulimala okuphelile. Ukuze uthole i-prophylaxis, kunconywa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-plantings ngamalungiselelo ethusi. Ukuguqulwa kwesikhashana kwezindawo zokutshala kuzosiza ukugwema ukutheleleka.

Abaqhamuka phambili abafanele: imifino yamadlelo, iklabishi, ubhontshisi. Izinsimu ezihlala eholidini zingahlwanyelwa isithombo se-oilseed noma phacelia.

Funda futhi ngalezi zifo ezivamile zezambane njenge-Alternaria, i-Fusarium ne-Verticilliasis.

Imifino yamazambane ingathinteka yi-Colorado beetle noma ama-aphid. Ama-parasites abhujiswe ngokupuniza ngezinambuzane zezimboni. Futhi, izitshalo zivame ukusongelwa nge-wireworm, ibhere kanye nenundu yamazambane.

Ukunciphisa ingozi yezinambuzane kuzosiza weeding ngesikhathi futhi hilling. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kusindisa kusuka ku-wireworm. Ngokumelene ne Colorado amazambane beetle kanye nezibungu zalo zizosiza amakhemikhali noma amakhambi abantu.

Amazambane afaneleka emapulazini angaphansi komuntu noma abalimi abakhulu. Ukugcina izinga elihle kakhulu futhi izinga eliphezulu lomkhiqizo liqinisekisa inzuzo ezinzile.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokutshala amazambane. Funda kabanzi mayelana nobuchwepheshe beDutch, ukutshalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, ukuthola isivuno ngaphandle kokuqothula kanye nezintaba, izindlela zokukhula ngaphansi komshini, emiphongolweni, emasakeni, emabhokisini.

Siphinde sinikeze ukuzijwayeza nezinye izinhlobo zamazambane ezinemibandela ehlukene yokuvuthwa: