I-Epiphyllum isitshalo esimnandi semvelo somndeni weCactus. Izwe lakubo yiMelika Ephakathi kanye nezifunda eziseningizimu kuze kufike ezindaweni ezishisayo. Ngenxa yezinqubo ezinhle ze-wavy, i-epiphyllum yayizithanda izikhulumi zezimbali ezifuywayo. Iminyaka eminingi, ikhona njenge -planethi yendlu. Kusuka olimini lwesiGrikhi igama elihunyushwa ngokuthi "amahlamvu angenhla." Ingachazwa ngeziqu eziyizicaba, ezifana ne-cactus yangempela, kodwa amaqabunga wangempela. Isitshalo esifanayo singatholakala ngaphansi kwamagama "ihlathi le-cactus" noma "phylloctactus".
Incazelo yeBotanical
I-Epiphyllum iyi-perennial emnandi enamahlumela amade, aguquguqukayo anemibala egqamile eluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi. Iziqu zingaba ziyicaba noma zibe nxantathu. Imvamisa ifisa, ngakho-ke imbali isikhule njengesitshalo se-ampel. Amahlumela aqine ngokuqinile bese akha isihlahla esiminyene kunalokho. Isisekelo sazo kancane kancane silinganiswa futhi simbozwe ngegxolo le-brownish cracking.
Imiphetho yeziqu imbozwe amagagasi obukhulu obuhlukahlukene; ama-areoles angavamile anama-spikes amafushane atholakala kuwo. Imiphunga kunalokho ifana namabritish amafushane aqine futhi angabangeli buhlungu. Akukho ameva emahlumela amadala. Futhi kuma-areoles, izimpande zasemoyeni zingakheka. Ngomswakama okhulayo, inani labo liyanda.
Izimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe, ezibomvu noma ezipinki ziyavela ngoJuni. Kunezinhlobo eziqhakaza ekwindla. I-buds inesimo se-tubular futhi iqukethe izihlahla eziningana ze-lanceolate, amacembe akhomba. Ubude be-corolla eyodwa bungafinyelela ku-40 cm ububanzi no-8-16 cm. Izimbali ezinkulu ezinhle zikhipha iphunga elicashile noma elimnandi kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezinezimbali ezivula phakathi nosuku, kepha eziningi zivuthwa ebusuku bese zibavala lapho kusa.
Ngenxa yokuvunda, izithelo zezithelo ezinamanzi ezivuthiwe. Zimbozwe ngesikhumba esimbala onsundu. Ngaphakathi epulpiti elimnandi elidliwayo kukhona imbewu emnyama eminingana efinyelela ku-2 mm ubude. Ngokwakheka nosayizi, izithelo zifana neplamu enkulu. Inyama yayo inambitha njengama-sitrobheni nophayinaphu ngasikhathi sinye.
Izinhlobo ze-Epiphyllum
Uhlobo lwe-epiphyllum luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbalwa eziyishumi. Ezinye zazo zehluke kakhulu komunye nomunye.
I-Epiphyllum angular (anguliger). Isithombo esinamahlahla esinamabala aluhlaza esifakiwe. Imvamisa kakhulu inesakhiwo esithambile nezi notches ezijulile ezinhlangothini. Ubude bendlela bufika ku-1 m ngobubanzi obungafika ku-8 cm. Cishe akunameva kulesi sitshalo; kwezinye i-areoles, ama-villi bristly akhiwe. Ehlobo, izimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe qhwa ezimhlophe eziqhakaza iphunga elimnandi. Ububanzi babo buyi-10-15 cm.
I-Epiphyllum acid-tolerant (hydroxyepetalum). Iziqu zomumo obunjwe umdwebo, nezimo eziguqukayo zesitshalo zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-3 ubude. Ububanzi bamaqabunga amaqabunga e-wavy anombala oluhlaza okhanyayo angama-10 cm. Emaphethelweni amahlumela ehlobo, kuqhakaza izimbali ezimhlophe zesikhathi sobusuku. Ubude bethanga le-tubular buyi-20 cm futhi ububanzi buyi-18 cm.
I-Epiphyllum acute-flaky. Isihlahla esimnandi esinezindebe eziqondile sakhiwe amahlumela aluhlaza atholakala engxenyeni engezansi. Iziqu ezisencane ezithambile zinobumba obukhulu obungenamikhawulo. Ubude bawo bufika ku-30 cm nobubanzi obuyi-10-16 cm. Izimbali ezimhlophe qhwa noma ezokhilimu zikhipha iphunga elimnandi kakhulu. Zivula ebusuku.
I-Epiphyllum ifakiwe I-Epiphytic cactus iqukethe iziqu ezinamanzi ezinemibala yombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ubude bawo abudluli ku-70 cm nobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-10. Izimbotshana ezifakiwe ziba khona emaqabungeni. Ehlobo, izimbali ezinkulu ze-tubular eziqhakaza zinobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-15. Zidwetshwe ngombala opinki, ophuzi noma omhlophe.
Epiphyllum phyllanthus. Ezingxenyeni ezithambile ezinamanzi zibalelwa ku-1 m ukuphakama, amahlumela akamuva anjengamaqabunga ayakhiwa. Ubude bawo ngamasentimitha angama-25-50. Izimbali ziqukethe amacembe amade amfishane wombala opinki. Ububanzi behlumela elivulekile lingu-15-18 cm.
Epiphyllum Lau. Isitshalo se-lithophytic sikhula ngokushesha amahlumela akamuva. Ububanzi bamaqabunga anamafutha ayinyama bungamasentimitha angama-5-7. Amabhulashi ambalwa anombala ophuzi ansundu abonakala ezinhlangothini kuma-areoles angavamile. NgoMeyi, izimbali eziqhakaza amhlophe qwa ebusuku.
Izindlela zokuzala
I-Epiphyllum isatshalaliswa ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- ukuhlwanyela imbewu;
- ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla;
- ukusika.
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa esihlabathini esimanzi noma engxenyeni ekhethekile yenhlabathi yokuthambisa. Bangcwatshwa ngo-5 mm, bembozwe ngengilazi futhi bagcinwe ku + 20 ... + 23 ° C. Kuyadingeka ukukhipha okutshalekile nsuku zonke futhi kufafaze kubo ngesibhamu sokufafaza. Kungakapheli amasonto ayi-2-3, iziqu zokuqala zizovela ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi. Lapho kufika amahlumela, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa. Kuphela lapho izitshalo zifinyelela ukuphakama okungu-3-5 cm, zidluliselwa ngokucophelela eceleni. Izithombo ziyaqhakaza kusuka ngonyaka wesihlanu wokuphila.
Amabhishi akhula ngokuqinile e-epiphyllum angahlukaniswa izingxenye eziningi. Isikhathi esihle sokuhlukanisa ukuphela kwehlobo, lapho ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuqedile. Lesi sitshalo siyasuswa ebhodweni, sikhishwe emithanjeni yobumba obuningi, sihlole i-rhizome futhi sisuse izindawo ezomile noma ezibolile. Ngemuva kwalokho izihlahla zihlukaniswa ngendlela yokuthi ukwahlukana ngakunye kube nezimpande zazo. Izindawo zezilayi zifakwa emalahle ochotshoziwe. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokucutshungulwa, kutshalwa izihlahla ezintsha ezimbizeni.
Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokusikwa kwe-rooting engxenyeni yesibili yentwasahlobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukusika phezulu kwehlumela kusuka kusitshalo esidala esingu-10-12 cm. Ukusikwa kwenziwa nge-engela, khona-ke isiqu sokomiswa izinsuku ezingama-1-2 emoyeni futhi sitshalwe emhlabathini wegadi ngokufakwa kwe-perlite. Akudingekile ukujula kakhulu i-seedling kakhulu; vele uyisunduzele enhlabathini enomswakama uqonde ku-1 cm. Kunconywa ukufafaza ingaphezulu kwesihlabathi ngesihlabathi. Ukusika kumbozwe nge-cap ngeviki 1-1.5. Ukuwavimbela ukuthi angaweli ngaphezulu, kunconywa ukudala ukwesekwa.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
Ama-Epiphyllums awathobeki ekushiyeni, noma kunjalo, ukulandela eminye imithetho kuyadingeka, ngaphandle kwalokho imbali ngeke nje iqhume, kodwa futhi izokufa.
Isibani I-Epiphyllum idinga amahora amade wemini nokukhanya okukhanyayo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukuthemba izimbali akukufanele. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nobusuku besikhathi santwasahlobo, kunconywa ukuthi kuthungelwe amahlumela esihlahla kusuka elangeni eliqondile noma kufakwe egumbini egumbini eliningi. UCactus uzizwa ekahle ngaphandle. Ngasikhathi sinye, kumele ivikeleke kokungakapheli.
Ukushisa Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Novemba, izinga lokushisa lomoya elilungile le-epiphyllum liyi + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Ebusika, kuba isikhathi sokuphumula lapho kudingeka okuqukethwe okupholile (+ 10 ... + 15 ° C). Kungalesi sikhathi lapho ukwakheka kwezimbali eziqhakazayo kwenzeka.
Umswakama. I-Epiphyllum idinga ukufafazwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka ungageza uthuli ngaphansi kweseshini elifudumele. Ebusika, ungafafazi. Okuhlukile izitshalo ezigcinwa ebusika egumbini elifudumele noma eduze kwe-radiator yokushisa.
Ukunisela. Njengoba i-epiphyllum ithathwa njenge-cactus yehlathi, idinga ukuniselwa kaningi kunamanye ama-suppulents. Phakathi kokunisela, inhlabathi kufanele yomiswe ngo-2 cm cm. Ngokuntuleka komswakama enhlabathini, amaqabunga alahlekelwa yi-turgor. Ebusika, imvamisa yokunisela iyancishiswa, kepha inhlabathi ayikwazi ukoma ngokuphelele. Ukushiswa kwamanzi emhlabathini nakho kuyaphinyiswa.
Umanyolo. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, i-epiphyllum ivundiswa ngezingoma ezikhethekile ze-cacti. Kabili ngenyanga, umanyolo omningi ohlanganisiwe ufakwa enhlabathini, kodwa futhi kuyanconywa ukufafaza amahlamvu ngenhlanganisela yamaminerali yomanyolo. Njengoba izinhlobo eziningi ziyi-epiphytic noma i-lithophytic, ingxenye yazo yasemhlabeni ibamba iqhaza ngokuqinile ezondlweni.
Izimbali. Ukufezekisa izimbali ze-epiphyllum ngokuqinisekile, kubalulekile ukunikeza ukukhanya okukhanyayo ngesikhathi sasehlobo kanye nobusika obupholile ngokunisela okulinganiselwe. Ebusika, amahora amfushane wemini evame ukubekezelelwa yisitshalo. Isidingo sokukhanyisa okwengeziwe sinqabile. Entwasahlobo, abanye abalimi bahlela ukuvuswa kwe-cactus ngosizo lokugeza. Ngokushesha ungabona emaqabungeni wokuqina okuvela kuwo izimbali.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ama-epiphyllums adinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Ngokuqala kwamahlamvu okuqala, imbali ayikwazi ukushintshwa futhi ihanjiswe, ngaphandle kwalokho izimbali zizowa ngaphandle kokuqhakaza. Ama-buds avuleka ngokulandelana futhi aphile izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuthambisa kaningi nokufafaza okuningi kuyadingeka.
Izihlahla. Ama-Epiphyllum amahlumela akhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Bangakwazi ngokungahleliwe noma ukugxila ngakolunye uhlangothi, banikeze isihlahla ukubukeka okungathandeki. Noma kunjalo, izihlahla akujwayelekile. Iziqu zabantu abadala zihlinzeka ngezakhamzimba kuso sonke isitshalo seminyaka engama-3-4 ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Lapho kuvela amahlumela amasha, ihlumela lingasikwa kube ubude obudingekayo.
Ukufakelwa Ama-epiphyllums amasha atshalwa minyaka yonke, kancane kancane andisa ubukhulu bebhodwe. Akunconyelwe ukuthatha isitsha esikhulu ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba amanzi azogxila kuwo futhi nenhlabathi ibe yi-asidi kakhulu. Isikhathi esihle sokufuduka ukuqala kwentwasahlobo. Imbiza ayidingeki kakhulu, kepha ibanzi. Ubumba olwandisiwe, amatshe amatshe noma izingcezu zegwebu zibekwa ngaphansi kwesitsha.
Inhlabathi. Umhlabathi wokutshala wenziwa yilezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- umhlaba wamashidi (izingxenye 4);
- umhlaba we-turf (izingxenye ezi-4);
- amalahle (ingxenye eyi-1);
- i-fibrous peat (ingxenye eyi-1);
- isihlabathi somfula (1 ingxenye).
Inhlabathi kufanele ibe nokuphendula okungathathi hlangothi noma okune-asidi. Ukuba khona kukalamende akwemukeleki.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
Uma igcinwe ngokungafanele, i-epiphyllum inezifo zokukhunta (ukubola okumnyama, i-anthracnose, i-fusarium, ukugqwala kwamaqabunga). Zonke lezi zifo zibonakaliswa ukubuyiselwa emuva kokukhula, ukubonakala kwamabala amanzi emaqabungeni kanye nesiqu semibala ehlukahlukene, kanye nephunga elingajabulisi. Kuyadingeka ukuthi udlulise isitshalo esinezifo, usike izindawo ezilimele futhi uziphathe ngamalahle achotshoziwe. Kufafazwe futhi ngesikhunta.
Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ze-epiphyllum izibungu zesicabucabu, ama-aphid, izinambuzane ezikalwa kanye nama-mealybugs. Balwa ngosizo lokugeza nokuphathwa ngama-insecticides ("Confidor", "Mospilan", "Aktara", "Biotlin").
