Isibindi Amazambane ama Dutch: incazelo ehlukahlukene, izici nezithombe

Abalimi besiDashi ziphakathi kwezinto ezisebenza kakhulu eYurophu, zivame ukusihlanganisa nazo zonke izinhlobo ezintsha zezambane zamazambane.

Ngalesi sikhathi abazange badumale, sebezilungiselele ezihlukahlukene zamazambane "isibindi", esinomusa omuhle nokubukeka.

Esizindeni sethu uzothola ulwazi olufanele kakhulu mayelana nezinhlobo zamazambane "Isibindi": isici esinesithombe nencazelo yempande.

Imfanelo

Izinhlobonhlobo zamazambane "Isibindi" senziwa eHolland, futhi kwiRejista Yombuso yezinhlobonhlobo zaseRussia ezibhalwe kusukela ngo-2007 Izindawo zaseCentral naseCentnozem. It has isivuno esihle, kuyokujabulisa wena ngamathani 16 - 27 amazambane per hectare. Futhi ngokunakekelwa okufanele, lesi sibalo singakhuphuka sibe ngamathani angu-40.

Ngokuqondene nomkhiqizo, bese uqhathanisa lesi sibalo nezinye izinhlobo zingaba etafuleni elingezansi:

Ubude obukhulu abukwazanga futhi, bugcinwe ku-91%. Futhi ukuthengiswa kwezithelo zomkhiqizo ezivela emkhatsini we-83 no-99%. Isibindi sibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo eziphakathi kwezinhlobo zamazambane, isivuno singavuna emva kwezinsuku ezingu-80 kuya kwezingu-90 emva kokusuka kokuqala. Amazambane anesitoreji esihle sokugcina.

Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nemigomo, izinga lokushisa kanye nezinqolobane ezihlokweni zesayithi lethu.

Funda indlela yokugcina amazambane ebusika, efulethini nasemiphongolweni, emabhokisini nasemabhokisini, esiqandisini nasefomini elihlutshiwe. Futhi futhi yini ngale nqubo kule esitolo semifino.

Amazambane "Isibindi": incazelo yezinto ezihlukahlukene, isithombe

Izithelo zikhula ezinkulu, isisindo esilinganisweni asikho ngaphansi kuka-100 g, futhi sivame ukukhula sibe ngu-140 g. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zibe nomumo ovalwe oval, isikhumba singama-pink-red futhi aphakathi nendawo ngobubanzi obuncane. Umquba womthunzi ophuzi nokunambitheka kakhulu.

I-starch content in the fruit - 20%. Amazambane alezi zinhlobonhlobo azibekezelela ukuhamba futhi angenalo ikhono lokumnyama ngokulimala ngokomzimba, ngakho-ke kuhle kakhulu ukudayiswa nokuhamba ngezindawo ezide.

Qhathanisa okuqukethwe kwe-starch nesisindo sezilimo eziyizigaxa ze-Kurazh nezinye izinhlobo ongazenza etafuleni elingezansi:

Izihlahla zingaba ziqondile noma ziqondile futhi zikhule zide. Amaqabunga amnyama afana nobukhulu obuphakathi. Phakathi nezimbali zivela izimbali ezinkulu ezinhle nge-corollas eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isihlahla esisodwa ngokuvamile udala 10 - 12 izimpande izitshalo.

Veza ngokuzenzekelayo ngamazambane "Amaqhawe" esithombeni ngezansi:

Izici zokukhula

"Isibindi" yi-tablets-type, kodwa izici zezitshalo zempande zibonisa ukuthi zingasetshenziselwa izinhloso zezimboni zokucubungula isitashi. Amazambane anezinambitheka ezinhle kakhulu, okuye kwaphawula okungaphezu kwesisodwa ngabalimi ezweni lonke.

Izithelo azikwazi ukubumnyama uma zipheka noma zifisa., ube nokuchuma okuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zifanelekile ukwenza amaphuphu. Mayelana nokufika, kubalulekile ukufanisa ngokunembile isikhathi sokufika emhlabathini. Iqiniso liwukuthi ezifundeni ezibekelwe lezi zihlukahlukene yiRejista YeRF State, amaqhwa angaqhubeka kuze kube ngoMeyi. Izitshalo ezincane azibekezeli ukupholisaNgakho-ke, bangafa noma bathuthuke kabi.

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlwanyela izinto zakho zokutshala kusengaphambili (ubude obuhle behlumela ezilimo eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa okungenani u-2 cm) bese uyitshala enhlabathini ishubile ku-10 ° C (cishe eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi).

Uma ufuna ukuvikela isivuno sakho ngisho nangaphezulu, ungakwazi ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala inqubo yezilimo eziyizigaxa ngokulawula ukukhula, isibonelo, ngu-Appin. Lesi sidakamizwa sizogqugquzela ukwakheka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, ukuqinisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela kanye nokusheshisa ukuvela kwezithombo.

Emhlabathini, amazambane "Amaqhawe" athuthuka kangcono kunhlabathi enomsoco, okungukuthi, nge-pH value value. Kungcono ukutshala izinto ngokwemigomo ye-70 x 35 (ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa lingama-70 cm, kanti phakathi kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinemizila yi-35 cm). Ukujula kokutshala kuncike enhlobo yomhlabathi: emhlabathini onesihlabathi osolwandle, u-10 cm, futhi ngokukhanya, loamy, kufika ku-8 cm.

Uma uhlela ukutshala umhlaba ngaphambi kokutshala, kungcono ukusebenzisa lawo ezingenalo i-chlorine futhi ichithe kahle emanzini (urea, potassium sulfate nezinye).

Lapho ukhula amazambane, ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle kokwelashwa okwengeziwe ngamakhemikhali.

Funda esiteshini sethu ukuthi ungasebenzisa kahle kanjani ama-fungicides, ama-herbicide nezinambuzane.

Futhi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungadla kanjani amazambane, yikuphi okuphakelayo okungcono kakhulu, nini futhi kanjani ukusebenzisa umanyolo, ukuthi ungayenza kanjani uma utshala.

KUBALULEKILE! Lesi sitshalo sikhula ngokushesha kulezo zindawo lapho utshani obungapheli, izithelo, i-flax kanye ne-lupins zikhule.

Esikhathini esizayo, amazambane akho awadingi noma yiziphi izindlela ezithile zokulima, kubalulekile ukukhumbula kuphela into ebaluleke kakhulu:

• gcina inhlabathi ihlanzekile futhi ikhululekile. Uma inhlabathi endaweni yakho ilula emvelweni, khona-ke ungakunqanda futhi ungaguquki;
• ukuze ugcwalise kabusha imigqa yokutshala impahla, kungcono ukusebenzisa inhlabathi emibhedeni engomakhelwane, kulokhu uzogwema ukutholakala koqweqwe olomile nolunamandla lomhlaba;
• Inani lezintaba kufanele libe okungenani 3 ngonyaka wonyaka, isidingo sokuqala okumele senziwe ngemuva kokuthi isitshalo sakho sifinyelele ukuphakama kwe-12-15 cm;
• uma iziqongo zezihlahla zikhula kabi, khona-ke ungasebenzisa ukufaka umanyolo omncane ngamaminerali ngezikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-10.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nalezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe njenge-mulching phakathi kwemigqa, ukuchelela amazambane usebenzisa indlela yokudonsa, ukukhahlela ngesandla bese usebenzisa umlimi.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Ukuphazamisa okwesikhashana

Noma kunjalo uhlangabezana ubuthakathaka obunzima bokuzilimazalokho kungathinta kakhulu isivuno sakho.

I-Phytophthora ingaphazamisa ngaphezu kwengxenye yazo zonke izilimo zezitshalo, ngakho-ke, ngokumelene nayo Kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela:

• ukuhluma izilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nokusetshenziswa kokugqugquzela ukukhula, okusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo futhi unganiki isikhathi sesitshalo semfundo, kusiza kahle;
• kungenzeka ukucubungula amasimu ngamafungicide ngaphambi kokuqala kwesifo njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela. I-Yunomil, i-Ridomil MC no-Aviksil bazibonele kahle;
• Ama-phytophtora spores agcinwa emaqabeni afile kanye nokhula, ngakho-ke ulahlwe ngendlela efike ngesikhathi.

Funda futhi mayelana nezifo ezivamile eziphathelene nezifo ezifana ne-Alternaria, Fusarium, Verticillium wilt.

Uma sikhuluma ngezinambuzane ezinambuzane, isongo esikhulu yi-Colorado amazambane ama-via-beetle, ama-honey beetles, ama-wireworms, ama-mbatata amabhu, ama-aphid.

Esizeni sethu ungakwazi ukufunda ulwazi oluningi oluwusizo mayelana nendlela yokulwa nalezi zinambuzane:

1. Indlela yokukhipha u-wireworm ensimini.
2. I-Medvedka iyinkimbinkimbi eyingozi: siyithola ngosizo lwezakhemikhali nezindlela zomuntu.
3. I-Potato moth: ubuthi - ingxenye 1 nengxenye 2.
4. I-Colorado ye-potato beetle kanye nezibungu zayo: ukulwa nemikhakha yabantu namalungiselelo ezimboni:
   • I-Regent
   • Aktara.
   • Ubukhosi.
   • Corado.

"Isibindi" yizohlukahlukene zamazambane ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke, ezifanele kokubili ukulima, nokuthengisa nokusebenza embonini. Kungenzeka ukuthi ayinayo izimfanelo ezithile ezihlukile, kodwa kuyinhlobonhlobo enhle kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa yamazambane, okuyinto ayidingi ukunakekelwa njalo kanye nezindleko ezinkulu zezimali.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokutshala amazambane namuhla. Sikunikeza ukuba uhlangabezane nezinye zazo. Funda konke ngobuchwepheshe besimanje beDutch, ukutshalwa kwezinhlobo zakuqala, isivuno ngaphandle kwe-weeding ne-hilling. Thola ukuthi umehluko wokulima amazambane eRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Hlanganisa lezi zindlela zokulima: ngaphansi komshini, ezikhwameni, emabhaleni, emabhokisini, kusuka kumbewu.

Siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayele nezinye izinhlobo zamazambane ngezimiso zokuvuthwa ezahlukene: