Namuhla, izinkomo zaseHereford - enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni wezinkomo zezinkomo (izinkomo). Lezi zilwane ezinkulu, eziqinile ziyabonakala ngokubukeka kwazo okuphawulekayo nokuthola isisindo esisheshayo, futhi futhi zinikeza inyama enhle kakhulu.
Umlando we-Inference
Ngesihlandlo sokuqala u-Hereford uhlanga lwezinkomo lwadalwa englandeni e-herefordshire (idolobha laseHereford) ngekhulu le-XVIII. Kwakuwumphumela wangempela wokuzalanisa, njengoba izilwane zalolu hlobo ziyinyama futhi zithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke.
Uhlobo lwalo lwaluqalwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, lapho isidingo senyama sanda kakhulu. Kwakukhona isidingo sokuzala izilwane ezingahlangabezana nezidingo zabantu. Umbuzo wobisi ngaleso sikhathi awuzange ube mkhulu kakhulu futhi ukugcizelela leli khono lezinkomo akukhulunywanga. 
Ngakho-ke, abafuyi baqala ukuwela phakathi kwabo ngokwanele ukukhula okuncane kwezinkomo ezibomvu ezivela eNyakatho Devon naseNts Sussex. Amathole wesizukulwane esisha anikezwa umsebenzi omningi wokuzivocavoca umzimba, ahlakulele isisindo somzimba futhi akhulise amandla entwasahlobo. Babeliswa ngokwehlukana kwezinye izinkomo futhi badliwe ngokudla okucebile okuqinile. Futhi ngemva kwezizukulwane ezimbili, kwaqaphela ukuthi abantu abasha bankulu kakhulu kunabo abazali babo.
Umsunguli wobuhlobo nguBenjamin Tomkins, owamemezela ukuqala komlando we-Herefords ngo-1742. Wayengumnikazi wezinkomo ezimbili nenkunzi eyodwa, eyaba yizifuyo ezisemthethweni zezinkomo zase-Hereford. Ekugcineni, ama-Herefords avela ngemuva kokungeza okhokho begazi lezinkomo ze-Shorthorn.
Inkomo yaseHereford uMnu. Jeffreys, owathola umklomelo wokuqala weRoyal Agricultural Exhibition ngo-1843 eDerby
Ngo-1846, i-Herefords yabhekwa njengezinhlobo zezinkomo zangempela, incwadi yabo yokuqala yokufunda yavela. Ngemva kwalokho, kusukela phakathi nekhulu le-XIX, waqala ukusabalalisa isizwe saseNhereford emhlabeni jikelele.
Uyazi? Umnikazi werekhodi lomhlaba phakathi kwezinkunzi, ezibalwe kuGuinness Book of Records - inkunzi okuthiwa iNsiza Marshal ye-English Breed Charolais. Ilinganiselwa ku-1,700 kg futhi iyingamamitha amabili ubude!
Izici zangaphandle
Inkampani yebhizinisi lezinkomo ze-henford - ikhanda elimhlophe. Lesi yisici esiqhakazile sesilwane. Ngaphezu kwekhanda, emgqeni omhlophe oqoshiwe, isisu nesigqoko emsila. Wonke umzimba unombala obomvu obomvu noma obomvu. 
Ukwakhiwa komzimba Izinkomo zikhona, zinesisindo esithuthukile, isisindo sikhulu. Ukukhula okuphansi, i-squat, imilenze emfushane futhi eqinile. Umzimba ububanzi, obunjengomgqomo, onemigqa ehamba phambili. Intamo isifushane, futhi i-dewlap iyaphuma.
Isikhumba e-Hereford elincane futhi elincanyeni, elimbozwe izinwele ezithambile nezingapheli, ezinokubonakala ikakhulu entanyeni nasekhanda. Ngaphansi kwesikhumba kunezingqimba zamafutha.
Uhlobo lwe-Classic Hereford ngumnikazi izimpondoeziqondiswa ezinhlangothini nangaphambili noma phansi. Izimpondo ngokwazo zimhlophe, kodwa amathiphu abo amnyama.
Familiar with meat (Kalmyk, Kazakh, Highland, Aberdeen-Angus) kanye nenyama kanye nezinhlobo zobisi zobisi (Simmental, Shorthorn).
Namuhla, okuvame kakhulu yi-Herefords yezinhlobo ze-kolom, ezingenaso izimpondo. Lona kuphela umehluko ovela kubamele beklasikhi. Ukungabi khona kwezimpondo kwenza izimpilo zezilwane ziphephe lapho zihlolisisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwemhlambi, ngakho-ke manje izinkomo nezinkunzi eziphambene ngqo ezikhishwa ngokuqondile.
Futhi, abameleli balezi zinyoni abanikeli izitshalo ezinkulu, ngakho-ke ukukhula kwezinkomo akuthuthukisiwe kakhulu, kuhle futhi kunesayizi encane. 
Abamele i-Hereford KRS banamagugu alandelayo:
- ukuphakama kumile kusuka ku-120 kuya ku-130 cm;
- i-chest girth kusuka ku-190 kuya ku-195 cm ezinkukhu futhi kusuka ku-210 kuya ku-215 cm ezinkomeni;
- Ukujula kwesifuba kungu-72 cm;
- ubude bomzimba kufika ku-153 cm;
- izinkomo zilinganisa kusuka ku-650 kuya kwezingu-850 kg, izinkunzi - kusukela ku-900 ukuya ku-1350 kg;
- isisindo samantombazane asanda kuzalwa kusukela ku-25 ukuya ku-30 kg, izinkunzi - kusuka ku-28 kuya ku-33 kg;
- Ukutholwa kokuqala kwezinkomo kwenzeka phakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-24 no-30.
Kubalulekile! Ama-Herefords asekhulile e-UK anezilinganiso ezinkulu kakhulu kunezinkomo ezikhulelweni zaseRussia ezizalisayo. Ngakho-ke, ezweni lakubo eNgilandi, izinkomo ngokuvamile zinesisindo esingenani 800 kg, nezinkunzi - kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-1.5 amathani. ERussia, izinkunzi zifinyelela kuphela ngo-850 kg, futhi izinkomo ziyancane.
Kungani ugcine: isiqondiso
Ama-Herefords inkomo yenkomookuyinto enika inyama yekhwalithi ephakeme - yenkomo ephasisiwe, eyaziwa kakhulu ekuphekeni. Ukuhlatshwa isivuno esilwaneni kunama-60%, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kufinyelela ku-70%. 
Ubisi obuvela emlonyeni bunamafutha (kuze kube ngu-4%), kodwa ukukhiqiza ubisi kuncane futhi kusetshenziselwa ukondla amathole. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwezinkomo alugcinwa ukuqoqa ubisi.
Ama-Herefords adalwa ngokudayiswa kwenyama. Amathole azalwa amancane (kufika ku-30 kg wesisindo). Izinga lokubeletha liphakeme, i-calving idlula kalula ngenxa yobuningi bomzimba obuthakathaka kanye nobukhulu obusana be-fetus, ngakho-ke ukufa kwamathole kuncane kakhulu (kungabi ngaphezu kuka-2%).
Amathole athola isisindo ngokushesha - Ngonyaka, izinkunzi kakade zilinganiselwa ku-320 kg, futhi zikhuphukela ku-270 kg. Ngonyaka owodwa nengxenye ubukhulu babo buphindwe kabili. Ukwanda kwe-muscle mass ngokwesilinganiso kungaba ngu-1100 ngosuku. Ekukhuleni, izinkomo zifinyelela eminyakeni engu-2-2.5. Isisindo esiphezulu se-hereford sifinyelela amathani ayingxenye nesigamu.
Izikhumba ezithintekayo, ezincanyana nezingapheli zalezi zilwane zithandwa kakhulu ekwakheni izikhwama, izikhwama nezicathulo. 
Uhlobo lwase-Hereford - Lokhu kuyinkomo enhle yenkomo, futhi ukukhiqiza inyama yabo kubhekwa njengenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu. Lezi zilwane zihle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni inyama kanye nokuqukethwe kwezimboni, kodwa ngoba indawo epulazi yangasese ayiyona inzuzo kakhulu, ngoba izindleko zokuthola i-specimen yokuzalanisa zikhulu ngokwanele.
Imfuyo yezimbuzi zobisi ibhekwa njengeYaroslavl, iKholmogory, Jersey, Holstein, isiLatvia esimnyama, i-red, i-Dutch, i-Ayrshire.
Spread emhlabeni
Namuhla, lolu hlobo lwezinkomo zenkomo yinye yezinto ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni. Ikhula kakhulu emazweni afana ne-UK, Australia, Canada, USA, eNew Zealand. 
Emazweni e-CIS, izinkomo zase-Hereford zithathwa ngobuningi kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia naseKazakhstan.
Uyazi? Izinkomo zizizwa kahle kakhulu. Uma usuphuzile futhi ugijima ngehora lesigamu sehora, ubisi lobisi luzokwehla ngo-5%, futhi okuqukethwe kwawo okunamafutha ngu-0.2-0.4%.
Ikhwalithi yenyama
Ikhwalithi yenyama yezinkomo zaseHereford iphezulu kakhulu. Inyama iyi-marble futhi ibhekwa njengeyiphunga elimnandi. Ubomvu ngombala futhi uqukethe ukungena kwamathambo angama-intramuscular, okwenza kube ukubukeka kwe-marble.
Inyama iyamanzi futhi ithambile, kutuswa ukuba ukuyisebenzise ukupheka ama-steaks - hhayi othosiwe futhi ophakathi. Ukuthandana kuphezulu futhi kuyaziswa kakhulu ngama-gourmets. 
Ubani ubisi obunikezayo
Akufanele uzame ukuthola ubisi obukhulu obuvela enkampanini yaseHereford, ngoba lesi silwane sasikhulelwe kuphela ukukhiqiza ubuningi bezinyama eziphezulu.
U-Udoy ngokuvamile akadluli amalitha angu-1000. Izinga lobisi liphakeme, okuqukethwe okunamafutha kuhle (4%).
Zonke izitshalo zobisi zivame ukondla amathole ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila kwazo - kukhona ubisi obanele kulezi zinhloso. Kodwa ngezinhloso zezimboni, ubisi oluvela kulezi zinkomo aluqoqiwe.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinzuzo nezinkinga zokusebenzisa imishini yokukhanda izinkomo.
Ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa
Amakhansela ama-Herefords enza ukuba avuke, lapho izilwane zingahlala khona ngokukhululekile. Phakathi nendawo kukhona abahlinzeki. Izimo eziyinhloko zegumbi elinjalo zome, ukungabi khona kwemidwebo nokuhlanzeka. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lo mhlobo uvumelanisa kalula nesimo sezulu esibandayo, awukubekezeli izikhwama kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilwane azijabuli kakhulu ukushisa okwedlulele, ngakho-ke ubusika esitokisini bube buhle kakhulu, kodwa hhayi bushushu kakhulu. 
Ngakho-ke izilwane zingafaki, zidingeke zihlanze njalo zihlanganise izinwele, ngoba zilukhuni, zide futhi zikhazimulayo, ngakho-ke zijwayele ukwakheka kwezimpawu. Uma uboya buqothulwa, ngeke bufudumeze inkomo, futhi ngeke kubonakale ejabulisayo.
Futhi, indawo ehlukile yokukholisa ifakwe esitokisini, lapho izinkomo zidluliselwa khona izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokubeletha futhi zigcinwe khona isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokukhipha. Kungenzeka ukuhlomisa ipeni elihlukile elihlukile lemathole, ukuze lihlukanise ngeminyaka. Noma kunjalo, emadlelweni ehlobo, zonke izilwane zihlangene emadlelweni mahhala.
Izinkomo zase-Hereford zinenkululeko-yothando, ngakho-ke azigcini kahle. Kufanele bahambe ngokukhululekile epenjini, bekwazi ukuthola izitsha zokuphuza ngamanzi, okumele kube njalo.
Kubalulekile! Lolu hlobo luyamahloni ngokwemvelo futhi lungethusa nganoma yikuphi ukunyakaza okungazelelwe noma umsindo omkhulu eduze kwawo. Ngakho-ke, uma unakekela izilwane, zigcine uthula, futhi ukunyakaza kwakho kufanele kube kancane futhi kube mnene.
Ama-Herefords aphilile futhi angaguli kaningi. Kodwa-ke, banomkhuba wokugula kwezinye izifo ezinzima. Ngokwesibonelo, bangase bathuthukise i-squamous cell carcinoma iso. Abantu abahlala emazweni ashisayo, lapho bathola khona ukukhanya okukhulu kwe-UV, baningi kakhulu. Ezingcupheni yilezizinkomo ezingenayo imibuthano emnyama ezungeze amehlo. 
Futhi, izinkomo ezihlala ezimweni zelanga ziningi zivame ukushisa emkhunjini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngaphansi koboya obomhlophe ngokuvamile kunesikhumba esimhlophe - akukho melanin pigment kuyo, okuyiyona eyabangela ukuvikelwa emisebeni ye-ultraviolet. Umkhuhlane unengubo ye-thinnest, ngakho-ke uvame ukushisa.
Funda futhi mayelana nezifo zezinkomo kanye nokwelashwa kwazo: ukuvuvukala kwesifo, isifo sofuba, i-leukemia, i-mastitis, i-pasteurellosis, i-ketosis.
Ngokuqondene nazo zonke, uhlobo lwe-Hereford kulula ukulondoloza, hhayi ukufuna izimo nokushisa, futhi ukwazi ukudla ukudla okuhlukahlukene.
Ubumnandi bukhuthazelela kanjani
Uhlobo lwezinkomo zase-Hereford luyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nanoma yisiphi isimo sezulu. Uhlala ebandayo, ngisho namaqhwa amaSiberia anzima, aguquke masinyane ekushintsheni izimo zezulu.
Izinkomo zalolu hlobo zikwazi ukubekezelela isimo sezulu esishisayo se-Afrika, isimo sezulu esishintshayo endaweni ephakathi, kanye namazinga aphansi asezingeni elisenyakatho. Umoya omuhle ukhetha kakhulu kubo kunelanga elishisayo njalo. 
Yini ongayidla
Lapho bezalisa isizwe saseHereford, ababelethi bazibekela umgomo wokudala inkomo ezoba nesisindo esitheni kuphela emadlelweni aswele. Ngakho-ke, ukudla kwabo kufanele kube kuhle utshani.
Amathiphu kubakhiqizi bezilwane: kanjani ukondla inkomo yobisi namathole.
Ehlobo, izilwane zivunyelwe ukuba zihlulwe mahhala emadlelweni, futhi ebusika zidla ikakhulukazi nge-hay. Ukuze uthole isisindo sokuzuza isisindo se-Forford ngokushesha kumele kufakwe ekudleni kwabo:
- utshani kusuka kwezitshalo zokudla kanye nezitshalo (umkhiqizo onjalo kubaluleke kakhulu ekugayeni izinkunzi zokugcina imisebenzi yezempilo kanye nokuzala);
- ibhali lomunyu;
- ukudla okunomsoco;
- i-beetroot (ijwayelekile ukuba i-microflora yamathumbu);
- ukufaka umquba nge-phosphorus, amaprotheni kanye ne-calcium (ukufaka isandla ekwakheni ama-skeleton kanye nokuzuza kancane kwesisindo).
Kunikelwa izinkomo ezifuywayo, isiliva kanye nokugaya amaminerali, okwenza izinkomo zidle amathole, ngoba inqubo yesondlo idlula isithole, futhi idinga ukondla okwengeziwe.Kubalulekile! Ebusika, izinkomo zase-Hereford zidla inani elikhulu lokudla. Ngakho-ke, amakhanda angafika ku-10 angathatha amathani angu-150 we-hay.
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Izinkomo zaseHereford zihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ezinjalo izimfanelo ezinhle:
- izinga eliphezulu lokusinda lamathole ngemva kokubeletha;
- ukukhishwa okuphezulu;
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala;
- ukukhula okusheshayo kwamathole;
- ukuzuza okusheshayo okusheshayo, okungafinyelela ku-1 kg ngosuku;
- ukuvumelanisa okuhle kwezimo zezulu, ngisho nokuhlukumezeka, okwenza kube lula ukuzala lezi zinkomo lapho izimo ezingafaneleki kwezinye izinhlobo;
- ukungathobeki kokudla lapho izinkomo zingadla nokhula;
- ukumelana nezifo eziningi;
- ukukhuthazela, yingakho izinkomo zibekezelela kalula ukudubula okude, zingahlala ezinyaweni isikhathi eside;
- high quality marble inyama.
Izinkinga zohlobo zihlanganisa:
- ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kokudla ngemfuyo, okunzima ukuhlinzeka ebusika;
- ukubekezelelana okuncane kokuhlelwa kwemithombo kanye nomswakama ophezulu;
- izimfuno ezengeziwe zokuhlanzeka nokuhle;
- ukukhiqiza ubisi oluphansi, okwanele ukondla amathole ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila.
Kubalulekile! Inyama yalezi zizwe ezikhulile ehlobo cishe izikhathi eziningana nengxenye eshibhile kunomuntu wabantu "busika". Futhi konke ngoba ngesikhathi sasehlobo, izinkomo zidla cishe utshani obunamaphesenti angu-100, okunciphisa izindleko zokudla nokugcinwa kwazo okungenani.
Ividiyo: I-Hereford yenkomo yenkomo
I-Hereford breeder ihlola mayelana nokuzalwa
I-Hereford ufuyo lwezinkomo lubhekwa njengenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi ukuthandwa kwalo kuvezwe ngokugcwele ngesivuno esibulalayo esiphezulu sekhwalithi ephezulu ye-marble, ukungazitholi ukudla nokuqukethwe okulula. Izinkomo zaseHereford zihle kakhulu ezifuywayo zezimboni. Futhi epulazini yangasese, isilwane esinjalo singadlala inkonzo enhle, iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni izinhlanga zendawo.
