Ukukhetha amazambane wokutshala, kufanele uqaphele uBorovichok - uhlobo oluvame ukuzalana kwabantu.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa azithwala leli gama - ziqinile, zihlangene, zibushelelezi, zikhumbuza ngempela amakhowe amancane.
Amazambane avuthwe ekuqaleni, unambitha omuhle, ugcinwa isikhathi eside futhi cishe awuguli.
Amazambane ahlukahlukene Incazelo yeBorovichok
| Igama leBanga | Borovichok |
| Izici ezijwayelekile | Ithebula elihlukahlukene lokuqoqwa kwabantu, alibekezeli ukuhlanzwa kwemishini |
| Isikhathi sokubeletha | Izinsuku ezingu-70-90 |
| Okuqukethwe kwesitashi | 13-17% |
| Izikhulu eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa | 120-200 g |
| Inombolo yezilimo eziyizigaxa ehlathini | 9-14 |
| Ukuthela | 200-250 abaphakathi / ha |
| Ikhwalithi yabathengi | ukunambitheka okukhulu, okufanelekile ukubhaka nokuthosa |
| I-Recumbency | 94% |
| Umbala wesikhumba | ophuzi |
| Umbala we-Pulp | mhlophe |
| Izifunda ezikhulayo ezikhethiwe | noma iyiphi inhlabathi nesimo sezulu |
| Izifo zokuphikisa | ukumelana nematodes, umdlavuza wamazambane kanye namagciwane |
| Izici zokukhula | ukuhluma kokutshala izinto kanye nokuchelela okunconywe ezindaweni eziseningizimu |
| Umsunguli | bred eRussia by breeders kazwelonke |
Izimpawu zamazambane
Borovichok amazambane - ibanga elivuthiwe. Ukusuka amahlumela okuqala ukuvuna kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-70 kuya kwezingu-90. Uhluke ekukhiqizeni okuhle kakhulu, kusuka ehektheleni eli-1 kunokwenzeka ukuqoqa abangaphezu kuka-200 abaphakathi, ngisho nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinhle.
Funda konke ngokugcina amazambane ebusika, emabhokisini nasefrijini, kanye nemigomo nemibandela, ukugcinwa kwezitshalo ezihlutshiwe ezihlutshiwe.
Ubusi obukhulu obuphakathi, obuthakathaka, obulungile noma obuhle-obuhle, namagatsha asakazeke kakhulu. Ukwakheka kwe-green mass kulinganisela.
Amaqabunga aphakathi nendawo, aluhlaza okomnyama, ohlobo oluphakathi, olunemiphetho elincane. I-corolla yakhiwe ngezimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe noma ezikhilimu. Izimbali ziwa ngokushesha, amajikijolo asuke angaboshwa.
Uhlelo lwempande lusungulwe kahle, okungenani amazambane ama-10 amakhulu akhiwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Inani lemali engenayo yokuncintisana linciphisa uma kufika ehlobo; ukuvunwa kwentwasahlobo kungalingani kakhulu.
Etafuleni elingezansi ungabona izinkomba ezifana nomkhiqizo kanye nenani lezilimo eziyizigaxa ezihlahleni kwezinye izinhlobo zamazambane:
| Igama leBanga | Ukukhiqiza (kg / ha) | Inombolo yezilimo eziyizigaxa ehlathini (ama-pcs) |
| Ilinsky | 180-350 | 8-13 |
| I-Cornflower | 200-480 | kuze kufinyelele ku-15 |
| Laura | 330-510 | kuze kube ngu-20 |
| Irbit | kufika ku-500 | 6-10 |
| Ama-blue eyed | kufika ku-500 | 8-12 |
| I-Adretta | kuze kube ngu-450 | 15-25 |
| Alvar | 290-440 | 8-14 |
| I-Breeze | kuze kube ngu-624 | 8-12 |
Izinhlobonhlobo azithokozi kakhulu izifo: umdlavuza wezambane, amagciwane ahlukahlukene, i-Alternaria, i-Verticillia, i-Fusarium, i-Golden cyst nematode. Ngokuvame ukuthinteka ukulimala okwesikhashana nokukhwehlela, kusesimweni sezulu esibanda, izimpande noma i-gray ziyovela.
Endaweni ephakathi yezilimo eziyizigaxa zitshalwe ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ngenkathi yonyaka, izitshalo zihluma izikhathi ezingu-2-3, ukuchelela ukuchelela kunconywa ezindaweni ezishisayo. Amazambane angavuna ngomshini noma ngesandla.
Ukwandisa isivuno kungenziwa ngesikhathi esifakwe ukwethula izakhi eziphilayo noma zamaminerali. Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo, nokuthi ungayenza kanjani uma utshala, funda ngezihloko ezihlukene zesayithi lethu.
Amazambane unomusa omuhle kakhulu: ezincane, ezigcwele, hhayi amanzi. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zihamba kahle, ziba nesineke futhi zigcwale nje emlonyeni. Kulesi simo, amazambane agcina isimo esihle.
Kuyafaneleka ukupheka, ukupheka, ukupheka, ukwenza ukugcwaliswa kwama-pie. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezibilisiwe ziveza umqubu wombala omhlophe ocolile. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-starch kanye namaprotheni kwenza izimpande zibe neqhamuka kakhulu, ezivumela ukuba zinconywe ekudleni izingane.
Bheka futhi ukuthi yikuphi okuqukethwe kwesitashi kumazambane amazambane kwezinye izinhlobo:
| Igama leBanga | Okuqukethwe kwesitashi |
| Zekura | 13-18% |
| Kubanka | 10-14% |
| I-Crimea rose | 14-17% |
| Burly | 10-12% |
| Felox | 16-17% |
| Ukunqoba | 12-14% |
| Agatha | 12-14% |
| Natasha | 11-14% |
| Uladar | 12-18% |
| Bullfinch | 15-16% |
Umsuka
Izinhlobonhlobo zamazambane eBorovichok zakhiwe ngabakhiqizi baseRussia. Esivame ukukhula emapulazini nasezimbonini ezizimele. Kunconyiwe ngesimo sezulu esifudumele nesishisayo, sikhula kahle ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezimile (isibonelo, kububan).
Ezindaweni ezinentwasahlobo yasemfudumeni nasehlobo elide, ungathola izitshalo ezimbili noma ezintathu ngonyaka. Izinhlobonhlobo zikhetha inhlabathi evundile ekhanyayo esekelwe emhlabathini omnyama nesihlabathi.
Isithombe
Isithombe sibonisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamazambane Borovichok:
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Phakathi kwe izinzuzo eziyinhloko izinhlobo:
- ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu kwezilimo eziyizigaxa;
- ukuvuthwa okusheshayo;
- isivuno esihle;
- Izithelo eziningana ngonyaka zingenzeka;
- Imifino yempande igcinwe kahle;
- izimfanelo eziphezulu zezinto eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa;
- ukumelana nezifo ezinkulu;
- ukubekezelelana kwezinguquko zesimo sezulu;
- ukunakekelwa okulula kwezitshalo.
Kunamaphutha ambalwa. Lezi zihlanganisa ukuthambekela kokudala izilimo eziyizigaxa ezincane, kanye nokuzwela ekunakekeleni komsoco wenhlabathi.
Izici zokukhula
Ezindaweni ezifudumele zamazambane etshalwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahloboEzimweni ezifudumele, ukuthutha kuhanjiswa kuze kube sekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Inqubo ye-Agrotechnika. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezikhethiwe zikhethiwe futhi zifakwe kumgqugquzeli wokukhula.
I-Potato ikhetha inhlabathi evundile yokukhanya, nge loam it ikhula kabi. Umhlabathi ungasetshenziswa nge-humus, i-peat ne-ash ash, ehlelwe emigodini.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zitshalwe ngokujula kwe-10 cm, ibanga eliphakathi kwehlathi kusukela ku-30 kuya ku-35 cm. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukushiya ama-wide aisles ukunakekelwa okulula kwezitshalo. Ukuvikela ngokumelene nokhula, i-aisles ihlanganiswa ngotshani noma utshani.
Kule nkathi, amahlumela izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ahlanganisa ukubunjwa kwamapulangwe aphezulu. Ezimweni ezishisayo, kuyasiza ukuhlela ukuchelela kokunisela noma, izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesinye isikhathi, ukuzisela izitshalo ngesandla, ngokufaka inhlabathi 40-50 cm.
Impande ewusizo yokugqoka nge potassium sulfate, superphosphate, ehlanjululwe nge-mullein. Iviki ngaphambi kokuvuna, kunconywa ukuba unqume zonke iziqongonga, lokhu kuzovumela ukuthi izilimo eziyizigaxa ziqoqe izakhi eziningi.
Siyakwamukela futhi ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nokuthi luhlobo luni lokuphalaza nokuthi luzosiza kanjani uma ukhula amazambane.Kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kanye namafungicides, izinzuzo zabo kanye nokulimaza kwezitshalo.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokutshala amazambane. Sinikeza ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nobuchwepheshe beDutch, mayelana nokukhula ngaphansi komshini, emibhawulweni nasezikhwama.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Amazambane ahlukahlukene Borovichok ukumelana nezifo eziningi eziyingozi I-Solanaceae.
Akuvamile ukuthinteka ngumdlavuza wamazambane, i-cyst nematode yegolide, nama-virus ahlukahlukene.
Ukuvuthwa kokuqala kusindisa izilimo eziyizigaxa kanye namaqabunga avela ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Ukuvimbela ukutshala kuthathwa ngezidakamizwa ezinezethusi.
Ukunisela ukuphuza kuzokusiza ukuvikela ukutshala ekubola, ukuhamba njalo kanye nokusungulwa kwezinkuni emhlabathini ngaphambi kokutshala.
Iziqongo ezintsha zamazambane ziheha izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene: ama-Colorado, ama-cicadas, ama-spider, ama-aphid.
Ukususa izinambuzane kuzosiza ukwelashwa nezinambuzane.
Ukuvimbela ukubukeka kwamagqabhuka angama-wireworms kungakhuliswa ngaphambi kokutshala kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, kanye nokushintshaniswa kwesitshalo esifanele.
Njalo eminyakeni embalwa, amazambane atshalwe ezindaweni ezintsha, izindawo ezivaliwe zihlwanyelwa isithombo se-phacelia noma se-oilseed.
Izandulela ezihamba phambili zamazambane ziyi-legumes, iklabishi, i-meadow noma ama-herbs aqoshiwe.
Amazambane Borovichok - Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle, ezihle emapulazini amancane. Izithelo futhi ezihlwabusayo Amazambane afanele ukudayiswa noma ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu, imbewu yokutshala ingaqoqwa ngokuzimela.
Siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayele nezinye izinhlobo zamazambane ngezimiso zokuvuthwa ezahlukene:
| Ukuvuthwa kwesikhashana | Ukukhula kokuqala | Superstore |
| Nikulinsky | Bellarosa | Umlimi |
| Ikhadineli | Timo | Juvel |
| Slavyanka | Spring | Kiranda |
| Ivan da Marya | Arosa | Veneta |
| Picasso | Impala | Umfula |
| I-Kiwi | Zorachka | I-Karatop |
| I-Rocco | Colette | Minerva | I-Asterix | Kamensky | I-Meteor |
