Ziyini izimbungulu (i-Heteroptera)? Lezi zinambuzane ze-arthropod zisakazeke kuwo wonke umhlaba. Zingahlukaniswa ngama-subgroups - woody, cruciferous, amanzi ahlanzekile nama-parasites.
Leli gama liyisidumbu esaziwayo (umbhede), elinye igama lingumndeni owodwa. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-103 eziyizinhlobo ezahlukene zalezi zinambuzane ezaziwa, eziyimindeni eyizinkulungwane ezingu-35. Bangakwazi ukondla kumuthi noma ukuphuza igazi ezilwaneni ezincelisayo.
Isihloko esiyinhloko salesi sihloko yilokho izimbungulu zibukeka: izithombe, izinhlobo zezimbungulu, indawo yokuhlala, imikhuba yokudla. Kukhona amathiphu ekuqedeni izimbungulu endlini.
Izinhlobo zezimbungulu
Uhlu lwezinto eziphilayo eRussia lilonke cishe ngo-2000 lezi zinambuzane. Bahlala kulo lonke izwe, kusukela ezindaweni ezisenyakatho kuya eningizimu eshisayo. Eyaziwa kakhulu ezweni, noma kunjalo, ngesibonakaliso esincane, umbhede wembhedeni, okuyi-parasite ephuza igazi. Ziyini izimbungulu? Ngaphezu kwalokho, obomvu ("isosha lesitokisi sesibhungane"), i-arboreal ("i-stink beetles"), ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zihlala emvelweni.
Flat
Ukusebenza kusebenza i-pine bug. Yena ihlala emahlathini ephayini, ekhetha izihlahla ezineminyaka engama-9 kuya kwengu-25 ubudala.
Ngesikhathi sokudla kuphazamisa ukugeleza kwezakhi ezansi phansi kwesiqu, ngenxa yokuthi iphiyini iqala ukushayela, futhi izinaliti ziphenduka futhi zihlume.
Ukulimala okukhulu kwezihlahla ezihlala endaweni engalungile emaphandleni nasemaphandleni asezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi izinyoni ezidliwa yizinambuzane azizona izitha zemvelo zalesi sifo, noma zitholakala ngobuncane.
Izinambuzane ezindala zinayo umbala omzimba obomvukufana ne-pine bark. Ubude bayo buyi 3.5-5 mm. Ukuma komzimba kuyisicaba, kwabesifazane ngokubanzi kunabesilisa. Kukhona iphunga elimhlophe elimunwe.
Izinambuzane zinama-overwinter emhlabathini ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Entwasahlobo, ngisho nangaphambi kokuphelela kweqhwa, bavuka, bakhuphuke isiqu bese befihla esikalini samagxolo. Bondla lapho, futhi emaqanda ehlobo ahlelwe (kuze kube yizingcezu ezingu-28 ezivela kumuntu oyedwa).
Ngezansi isithombe se-bug yalezi zinhlobo:
Olubomvu
Izinhlobo ezivamile eRussia.
Ngokuvamile kaningi kubonakala phezu kocingo lwamapulangwe, iziqu ezindala, izingxenye eziphansi zezihlahla. Lapho baphumula futhi balinde ukudla kubonakale, bese bethela ukotsha kwezitshalo ezincane eziluhlaza.
Le nkathazo iyinkimbinkimbi ende kusuka ku-7 ukuya ku-12 mm. Isici esibomvu sibomvu sisetshenziswe emuva kanzima, okwenza kube nzima ukuyidibanisa nabanye. Izimpungushe zincane, zibe nombala obomvu obomvu kanye namachashazi amnyama amnyama. Ingxenyana yomlomo yi-proboscis lapho ihlaba khona isitshalo iphinde ilandise ama-juice ayo.
Izibungu ezibomvu zasehlobo ihlelwe emakoloni amakhulu ngelanga, izindawo ezifudumala kahle. Ebusika, baya ezindaweni ezifudumele ezikhethiwe ngokukhethekile, lapho bechitha isikhathi esibandayo. Insikazi ishaya amaqanda angama-30 ngesikhathi, emva kwamaviki angu-1-1.5 ama-larvae avela.
Ekudleni, amasosha amabhungane angenakuzithoba, futhi angancelisa ijusi kunoma yiziphi izitshalo eziluhlaza, okuthi, emva kwezinyathelo ezinjalo, ziyeke ukukhula, zithele izithelo futhi zome kancane kancane.
Amasosha akuzona izimbungulu eziyingozi kubantu, izithombe ozibonayo ngezansi:
Woody
Wabofuthi ubizwa ngokuthi "ama-stink-bugs" ngenxa yephunga elimnandi, abashicilela ukuvikelwa ngesikhathi sokuvela kwengozi noma ngesikhathi sokubambisana. Uvame ukuhlala eduze kwamanzi, kodwa ngokuvamile uvame ukungena endlini. Ayikho inhlekelele engenziwa ngabantu nge-beetle e-stinker, kodwa ngubani ozovuma ukubekezelela indawo enjalo "engeyona enamakha".
I-bug yoody iyinkimbinkimbi ende kufika ku-15 mm ngegobolondo elinzima, ngaphansi kwamaphiko afihlekile. Akawasebenzisi kaningi, futhi kuphela lapho eqiniseka ukuthi uzokwazi ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezicebile. Ehlobo, i-beetle inombala obala obala., okuvumela ukuba uzifihle ezitheni phakathi kwamahlamvu. Ekwindla emuva kuthola umthunzi omnyama.
Le nkathazo ingenakuzithoba ekukhethweni kokudla. Yena angadla amahlamvu, utshani, okusanhlamvu namajikijolo. Uthanda raspberries. Esikhathini esilambile ngeke kudideke izinsalela zezinambuzane, ezingaphansi kwamagqabi awile.
Isithombe se-bug yalesi sizwe singezansi:
Amanzi
Leli qembu elikhulu elifaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-700. Zonke lezi zinambuzane yizilwane ezidliwayo bese uhlala emanzini noma emifula enamanzi anamanje. Abameleli abadumile kakhulu bezinambuzane zalezi zinhlobo ogibele futhi obushelelezi.
I-Waterman - inambuzane enomzimba omude ohlangene, kufika ku-30 mm ubudeokuyinto idabula emanzini emabhulokeni amathathu omzimba omncane omncane. Iphethwe phezu kwamanzi ngenxa yokucindezela amandla ebusweni bamuva.
Ekhanda yizintambo, ebamba ukushintshashintsha okuncane. Ummangali wamanzi udla izinambuzane eziwela emanzini, ama-invertebrates, i-fish fry. Ngesikhathi esifanayo nabo ngokwabo bangahlaselwa izinhlanzi.
Gladysh - umbhede bug nge-smooth smooth backlapho ihambisa khona emanzini. Njengoba izixhobo zamagetsi zasebenzisa izinyawo ezindala ezindala. Uphefumulela emoyeni, othola izimbobo ezikhethekile ngemuva kwesisu, njalo evezwe emanzini.
I-Gladyshes ihlala emanzini, kodwa ngesikhathi sokuya endaweni entsha bangase bahlale ngezikhathi ezincane, imiphongolo yamanzi. Zondla izinambuzane kanye nama-arthropods, inhlanzi gazinga.
UKUKHONA! Lezi zinambuzane aziyingozi kubantu, kodwa zizozivikela uma uzama ukuthatha ngesandla, ziyeka ukukhala kakhulu.
Kiss
Izinhlanhla yizinhlobo zezinambuzane uhlala eNingizimu Melika kuphela. Kubantu ababizwa ngokuthi "ukumanga izimbungulu" noma "ababulali abathandekayo." Konke ngoba lapho ilunywa, lezi zinambuzane zithumela isifo esibulalayo seCasgas.
Ngokusho kwezibalo, abantu abaningi bafa ngale ndlela kunokuba behlaselwe yizinye izinambuzane. Umzimba ubude, ama-paws kanye nezixhobo zomlomo zixiliswa kakhulu, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo.
Ama-parasites aphile eduze nezindlu, izakhiwo zendlu, iminyango. Bangangena endaweni yokuhlala ezintweni, noma bahambe bebodwa. Ukuluma akuzwanga, kuphela i-blister encane ehlala njalo. Emacinini ukuthi izimbungulu zishiye eceleni kwesilonda, zikhona ama-trypanosomes, okuthi, lapho ahlanganiswe, afakwa esilonda.
Izithombe zalezi zimbungulu ezincane:
Igazi liphuza
Igazi liphuza izimbungulu yizidakamizwa ezingathandeki kakhulungubani ongahlala eduze nomuntu. Lezi zibandakanya izibhedlele eziziwa kakhulu (ilineni).
Lezi yizimbungulu ezincane, Usayizi 3-5 mm. Uma belambile, banomzimba ophansi, ngenxa yokuthi cishe akunakwenzeka ukubamba noma ukuwachoboza. Ngemuva kokuphela kokuphakelayo, ivuvuka phezulu, ifinyelele ubude, ithole umbala omnyama obomvu.
Ayikhouhlale phansi emapulangwe, ngaphansi kwe-baseboards, iphepha lodonga futhi ngisho nezingubo, okuholela ngokuphila kokuhlwa kuphela. Banda kakhulu masinyane. Bahlala emakoloni amakhulu. Ingakwazi ukuhamba phakathi kwamafulethi, besebenzisa iziteshi zeseyili kagesi, umoya we-ventilation, igebe elincane kakhulu ezindongeni.
Bite ezingxenyeni ezivulekile zomzimba, ushiye uketshezi lwama-7 aluhlaza esikhumbeni. Ukulunywa akuyona eyingozi, kodwa kungabangela ukugula, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphatha ngesikhathi sokukhala kwezimbungulu.
KUBALULEKILE! Ukubhubhisa izimbungulu zendlala ayikho indlela eyi-100% ephumelelayo. Kungcono ukuxhumana nenhlangano ekhethekile ezinikele ekuqothulweni kwezidumbu. Noma udinga ukuhlanganisa izindlela zamakhemikhali (aerosols, sprays, powders kanye namakhrayoni) ngamakhambi abantu.
Isithombe sezimbungulu zomndeni:
Emhlabeni kunezinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane zezimbungulu ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-100, ezingaba ngu-2 000 ezitholakala eRussia. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-herbivores, izilwane ezidliwayo kanye nama-parasites.
Okudume kakhulu yizimbungulu zezinkuni, ezibizwa ngokuthi "ama-stink-bugs", abomvu noma "amabhontshisi amathoyizi", ama-striders amanzi kanye nemilenze ehamba phambili, kanye nombhede (ilineni) izimbungulu. Lezi zinsuku ziyi-parasites engathandeki edla igazi lomuntu.
Zonke izinhlobo zezimbungulu nezithombe zihanjiswe kulesi sihloko.
