I-Orchid - enye yezitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu zasendlini. Abalimi abaningi bahlanganyela ngenhloso yokulimala kuphela lezi zimbali.
Kwabaqalayo, kuyoba usizo ukuzijwayeza ngezincomo zokunakekela ngisho nangaphambi kokuthenga isitshalo. Indlela yokuhlakulela ama-orchid nendlela yokuzinakekela kahle - funda.
Incazelo emfushane yesitshalo
Uhlobo oluqondile lwezinhlobo ze-orchid ezimele zihlukile. Futhi izici ezijwayelekile zalezi zitshalo zimi kanje:
- Isitshalo sesitshalo sinamandla, kuye ngokuthi izihlukahluka zingaba nobude obuhlukene, izinyoni ezinwabuzelayo noma eziqondile.
- Amaqabunga alula. Ngokuvamile i-1 iqabunga likhula ngesitshalo. Uma kuneziningana, zihlelwe ngokuhlukile.
- Izimpande ziyisisekelo futhi zingaphansi. Izimpande eziyinhloko zihanjiswe ku-substrate, zibandakanye ku-photosynthesis futhi zithole umswakama, zondla isitshalo sonke. Izimpande zomsuka zivela kunoma iyiphi ingxenye ye-stem.
- I-inflorescences yi-spikelet noma i-racemes, ngezinye izikhathi yedwa. Ihlumela liqukethe ama-sepals amathathu, ama-lobes amabili no-1 "lip", ehluke kuyo yonke imbali. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ibhokisi lezithelo nembewu liqala.
Uyazi? Igama elithi "orchid" ngesiGreki lasendulo lihunyushwa ngokuthi "iqanda" - ngenxa yokuthi izimpande zezinye izinhlobo zembali zaqina, ezifana nalesi sitho kubantu nasezilwaneni.
Imithetho yokunakekela imbali ekhaya
I-orchid ijabulisa iso ngezimbali zayo ezinemibala ehlukahlukene nobukhulu. Ukuze izimbali ezinhle zizinakekele kufanele zithande isitshalo ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho.
Ukukhanyisa okufanele
Ama-orchids azo zonke izinhlobo adinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuthi ufake imbiza ngale mifula ngaphansi kwemisebe eqondile yelanga noma, ngokuphambene, emthunzini oqinile. Usuku lokukhanya olufanelekayo lwesitshalo - amahora angu-11-13. Uma kwenzeka usuku oluthile lokukhanya, ama-phytolamps avela ezitolo ezikhethekile azosiza ukunweba ukukhanya.
Ukushisa
Amazinga okushisa aphakathi kwama-orchid:
- ntambama - + 18 ... + 27 ° С;
- ebusuku - + 13 ... + 24 ° С.
Ukuqondile ukushisa kwemingcele i-florist inqunywa ngesisekelo sezinhlobonhlobo zembali.
| Thayipha | Izinhlobo | Ukushisa kwasehlobo ntambama | Ukushisa kwebusika ebusuku |
| Ukumelana nokubandayo |
| + 22 ° С | + 12 ... + 15 ° С |
| Ukushisa okuphakathi |
| + 18 ... + 22 ° С | + 12 ... + 15 ° С |
| Ukushisa ngothando |
| + 15 ... + 32 ° С | + 15 ... + 18 ° С (ukuhlukanisa nsuku zonke - ngaphakathi + 3 ... + 5 ° С) |
Umswakama womoya
Ukufudumala komoya okuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-orchid ku-60-80%.
Kubalulekile! Amazinga omswakama avame ukuwa ebusika lapho eqala ukujula esakhiweni. Ukwandisa umswakama womoya ezingeni elidingekayo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-humidifier.
Ukuphuza njalo
AmaFlorist ahlukanisa izindlela ezimbili zokuvuna ama-orchid.:
- nisela umsila ongenhla uma isitshalo sikhula embizeni;
- ubhaliswe emaminithini angu-4-5 emanzini uma imbali ikhula ebhasikidi noma embizeni enezimbobo ezansi nasendongeni.
Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lokunisela, amanzi kufanele avunyelwe ukukhipha. Lokhu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpande aziboli kusuka komthamo owedlulele.
Imvamisa yokuchelela kuye ngokuthi inkathi yile ndlela elandelayo:
- ehlobo - kanye njalo ezinsukwini 2-3;
- ebusika - isikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini ezingu-4-7.
Qaphela ukubukeka kwesitshalo.
I-substrate kufanele iphele ngaphambi kokuchelela okulandelayo ku-orchids enjalo:
- i-oncidium;
- i-dendrobium;
- izinkomo
Ezinye izinhlobo ezingcono zibekezelela umswakama ohlala njalo wamagxolo.
Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-oncidium, i-dendrobium ne-cattley izici zokunakekelwa kwe-orchid.
Phakathi kwabo kukhona:
- i-phalaenopsis;
- odontoglossum;
- i-papiopedilum;
- I-Cymbidium.
Ukuze kuphuculwe kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amanzi:
- i-soft;
- ehlukanisiwe, ehlanjululwa noma enezimvula;
- ngezinga lokushisa + 23 ... + 25 ° С.
Izidingo zomhlaba
Isisekelo se-substrate ye-orchids - igxolo lomuthi.
Ukuze uzipheke, gaya uhlanganise lezi zithako ezilandelayo:
- i-oak bark;
- i-pine bark;
- i-aspen bark;
- izimpande ze-fern;
- amalahle;
- izingcezu ze-moss, isikhokhi, isikhumba se-foam noma i-peat - ngokuzikhethela njenge-additive.
Umanyolo
Abakhiqizi bomanyolo banikeza amathuluzi akhethekile ama-orchid afanelekayo embali ngokulingana kwezakhi zokulandelela.
Okudumile phakathi kwabaflorisi kubiza okunjalo:
- I-Greenward;
- "I-Pokon";
- "Bona Forte".
Kubalulekile! Umanyolo owedlula kunciphisa ukumelana kwama-orchid ekutheleleni nezifo.
Kudingeka ukondle izimbali kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, inkathi ethize ixhomeke kuhlobo lwe-orchid. Imvamisa ephakanyisiwe yokwenza izakhi ezikhonjisiwe emiyalweni. Ngokujwayelekile isitshalo sikholwa njalo emavikini amabili. Noma kunjalo, ukugqoka okuphezulu akuthinti ama-orchids kakhulu. Imbali izoba nezakhi eziwusizo ngokwanele kanye nokufakelwa kabusha okuvamile kwisigcawu esisha.
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo
Umvuthwandaba omuhle we-orchid transplantation ungeneminyaka engu-1-2. Kungcono ukufeza inqubo lapho intwasahlobo ifika futhi isikhathi sonyaka okhulayo wembali siqala. Ngaphambi kokutshala kabusha kudingeka ukhethe ibhodlela. Indlela engcono kakhulu kubalimi ibizwa ngokuthi isitsha sepulasitiki esibonakalayo enezimbobo ezindongeni nasezansi.
Embizeni enjalo, i-rhizome izogcwala umoya-mpilo kanye nelanga. Ungakhetha futhi ibhodlela ngesimo sebhaksi. Okunye okukhethwa kukho iziqukathi, njenge-ceramic noma ingilazi, kufanelekile kuphela ochwepheshe abangakwazi ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi benakekele isitshalo.
Ama-orchids kufanele afakwe kabusha kanje:
- Susa imbali kusukela esitsheni esidala. Uma ibhodlela lingumapulasitiki, kungcono ukusisika - ngakho uzogwema umonakalo ohlelweni lwempande.
- Hlola umonakalo we-rhizome. Uma kukhona izingxenye ezibolile noma ezomile, zinqume, futhi uphathe izigaba ezinqunywe ngelahle elichotshoziwe.
- Thela enye i-substrate emgodini omusha. Qondisa ngokucophelela i-rhizome bese umboza konke okuseceleni.
- Isikhathi sokuguqula isimo sithatha izinsuku ezingu-7. Ngalesi sikhathi emva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo, udinga ukugcina i-orchid emthunzini omncane futhi ungabi nesikhunta.
Uyazi? I-vanilla yisithelo sezinhlobo ezithile ze-orchid ekuqaleni eMexico. Sekuyisikhathi eside le spice ayikwazanga ukutshala kwamanye amazwe, ngoba lezi zinambuzane ze-vanilla zezimbali zazihlala eMexico kuphela. Nokho, ngo-1841, isigqila esineminyaka engu-12 esivela esiqhingini saseRéunion sathola indlela yokuvotela lezi zimbali ngesandla. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-vanilla ikhule emazweni amaningi.
Izici zokuzala
Abalimi bezithelo banandisa ama-orchid ngezindlela ezintathu: inzalo ye-stem, indlela yokubeka kanye ne-vegetative. Indlela ngayinye inezinkolelo zayo.
Isitezi Sides
Abanikazi be-dendrobium ne-phalaenopsis bangazama ukusakaza isitshalo ngamahlumela. Le ndlela ibizwa nangokuthi ilahla izingane. Izingane, ziyi-stem shoots, amahlumela amasha avela ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zama-orchid.
Ukuze usakaze isitshalo ngale ndlela, qhubeka kanje:
- Hlanganisa ingane kusukela e-spray - maduze kuyoba nezimpande namaqabunga.
- Uma uhlelo lwempande lubonakala, cima ngokucophelela ihlumela.
- Inqubo enqunywe ngamalahle aphuziwe.
- Inzalo yokutshala izitshalo embizeni ehlukile.
Ukubeka
Le ndlela itholakala ekukhiqizeni izinhlobo ezithile ze-dendrobium namagumbi okuhlukumeza. Izendlalelo nazo zibizwa ngokuthi amahlumela emoyeni. Lapho i-otvodok emoyeni ivela esiqwini, udinga ukulungisa ibhodlela leplastiki kanye ne-sphagnum moss - omunye wabo uzodinga ukwakha i-mini-greenhouse.
Funda kabanzi ukuthi usakaze kanjani i-orchid ekhaya.
Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokuzalanisa ngokubeka:
- Gcwalisa ibhodlela nge-sphagnum emanzi.
- Beka izendlalelo ebhodleleni ngokuzenzekelayo.
- Gcina i-microclimate efudumele emswakama-greenhouse encane. Ngokwesilinganiso, inyanga kamuva kusukela efihlekile ukulala iqala ukukhula amahlumela.
- Uma izimpande bese zihamba zihluma, zihlukanise i-orchid entsha embuzweni kamama.
- Gcwalisa isitshalo ebhodweni nge-substrate efanelekile.
- Phatha tincetu ngelahle elichotshoziwe.
- Gcina imbali encane endaweni encane yokushisa kuze kube yilapho ihluma endaweni entsha.
Indlela yemifino
Le ndlela ifanele ama-orchid omdala cishe kuwo wonke izinhlobo.
Ukusabalalisa imbali ngokwemifino, kufanele wenze izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Susa isitshalo ebhodweni.
- Hlukanisa i-rhizome ukuze okungenani ama-pseudobulbs amabili ahlale engxenyeni ngayinye.
- Yenza izindawo ezinqunywe ngelahle elichotshoziwe.
- Phindela ingxenye ngayinye ebhodweni elihlukile nge-substrate efanelekayo.
- Phendvula ngezikhathi ezithile izingxenye ezifakwe emfuleni.
Iqiniso lokuthi lesi sitshalo sinqotshwa, tshela iziqu ezintsha noma amaqabunga.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingase ziphakame lapho kukhula ama-orchid
Uma u-orchid okhulayo kungenzeka kube nezinkinga ezithile. Ithebula elilandelayo libala izinkinga ezivame kakhulu. Ukuziqeda, kufanelekile ukulungisa amaphutha ekunakekeleni. Uma kunesidingo, izingxenye ezilimazayo zesitshalo kufanele zisuswe.
| Uphawu | Isizathu |
| Amaqabunga e-Flabby | Ukushisa okuphakeme noma okuphansi, ukulimala kwempande |
| Ukuphazamiseka okuphakathi kweplate leshidi | Ukushisa okunamandla okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokumisa. Ukulimala amaqabunga ngento yangaphandle |
| Ukukhula okumnyama noma izindawo | Ukushiswa kwelanga |
| Amaqabunga aqala ukukhanya okukhanyayo, bese ephuzi futhi ehlangene. | Akukhona ukukhanya okwanele |
| Amahlamvu abuna futhi ahlehle | Ukunisela okunganele |
| Ukuvuthwa komsuka kubonakala emigodini ebhodweni, amaqabunga emngceleni aphuzi | Ukuphuza ngokweqile |
Isiyingozi kakhulu kunokunakekelwa okungalungile izifo ezithathelwanayo.
Lezi zindwangu zinezifo ezilandelayo:
| Lesi sifo | Izimpawu | Ukwelapha |
| Brown rot | Emaqabunga amancane kanye neziqu - amabala amanzi ashisayo afakazelayo anyuke futhi aphuze ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. | Sika izindawo ezithintekile, uhlambulule izicucu ngelahle elichotshoziwe futhi usebenzise i-sulphate yethusi |
| Ukubola okumnyama | Amabala amnyama avela ku-orchid | Susa izindawo ezilimaziwe, ukusika nge-Bordeaux liquid, ukufaka imbali embizeni entsha nge-substrate ehlanzekile |
| Umsuka wokubola | Imifino ibolile, amaqabunga aphendukile | Susa izindawo ezimele, phatha uhlelo lwempande "Fundazol" |
| Grey ukubola | Amacwecwe amhlophe ngamaqabunga amaqabunga, i-substrate namafihlethi, amacembe agqoke ama-patches ensundu | Phatha isitshalo kufanele "Fitosporin" |
| I-Fusarium | Amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, aphephe, aphike, ahlanganiswe namabala, ngezinye izikhathi aphuzi | Ukucubungula imbali "Fundazol" |
| Indawo yeLeaf | Izindawo ezimanzi ezimnyama | Sika amaqabunga amaqabunga enesifo, usebenze isitshalo "Fitosporin" |
| I-Anthracnose | Izindawo ezinombala ezimnyama nemingcele ecacile, kancane kancane zikhula futhi zifiphele | Susa amaqabunga aphethwe, aphathe ngamakhaza achotshoziwe, aphathe isitshalo nge-sulphate yethusi |
| Idonsa likaMealy | Ama-patches ama-Whitish ane-scurf kuma-leaf plate nama-petals, i-scurf ifana nofulawa ofafaziwe | Phatha lesi sitshalo nomuthi "Topsin-M" |
| Ukutheleleka ngegciwane | Izindawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kumaflethi amaphepha afana nomfanekiso, imibuthano, imivimbo | Ayikwazi ukuphathwa, isitshalo kanye ne-substrate ingashiswa, ibhodlela liyasulwa |
Izinambuzane nazo zithinta kakhulu isimo se-orchid. Kudingeka ukwelapha isitshalo se-parasitic ngokushesha.
| I-Pest | Ukubukeka | Ukwelapha |
| Shchitovka | Ama-plaque emaqabunga futhi anesisindo esingaba ngu-0.5 cm ngegobolondo eliguquguqukayo | Susa izinambuzane ezivela ezitshalweni ngokwenza, inqubo "Aktellik" |
| Aphid | Izinambuzane ezinama-2-3 mm ubude, ngokuvamile ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezihlanganiswe namacwecwe amaqabunga ohlangothini oluphansi | Susa izilokazane ngesiponji oswakanyiswe kwisisombululo seseva, uphathe amaqabunga ngeClorophos |
| I-Mealybug | Isihlamba esimhlophe emaqabunga, ama-stalks namafihlekile ngaphansi kweziphi izinambuzane ezifihlayo | Susa izibungu kanye ne-plaque nge-swab ekotini encane, phatha isitshalo nge "Fitoverm" |
| Isibungu se-spider | I-Cobweb emaqabunga, ngokuvamile avela ezansi, nasemaceleni | Geza i-plaque, uphathe ne-tiofes noma i-Neoron inambuzane |
| Thrips | Umonakalo onjengefilimu onjengefilimu, umonakalo onjenge-dot-like engxenyeni engezansi yamaqabunga, izinambuzane zivame ukuzifihla phakathi kwezinhlayiyana zamagxolo endaweni engaphansi | Hlanganisa isitshalo, inqubo "Fitoverm" noma "Aktellik" |
| I-Poddur | Izinambuzane ezinamafu zihlala endaweni encane ye-substrate | Yomisa amagxolo noma uphinde ufake i-orchid ibe yinsimbi entsha, uyiqede nge "Fitoverm" |
| Nematode | Izimpethu ezikhanyayo zifinyelela ku-0.2 cm ubude. Ngokunqotshwa kwamaqabunga ukuguqula isimo, ukukhula kunciphisa, kunezimbali ezimbalwa, izindawo zivela, i-pseudobulbs ifomu i-necrosis, kanti ama-rhizomes avuvuka. Ngokuvamile kubonakala ngama-orchids | Susa kwezinye izitshalo zasendlini, hlambulula ngaphansi kwamanzi + 40 ° C nangaphezulu, uqhube inhlabathi "Dekarisom." Uma kungekho ushintsho, bulala i-orchid |
Amathiphu awusizo
Abalimi abanolwazi bathi akulona kunzima ukunakekela i-orchid ekhaya.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze iqhume njalo futhi inempilo, kuhle ukunamathela amathiphu ekukhuleni:
- ubilise amagxolo ngaphambi kokulungiselela i-substrate ukuze ususe ukutheleleka okungenzeka noma izinambuzane;
- nisela imbali ekuseni;
- ngemuva kokuqhakaza, abanye abalimi bembali batuswa ukuba banciphise i-old spike encane ngamasentimitha ambalwa aphezulu kune-buddha yesibili;
- Kungenzeka ukutshala i-orchid ekhulayo kuphela ezimweni eziphuthumayo, isibonelo, uma kwenzeka ugula - kungcono ukuba nesitshalo esinempilo sitshalwe phakathi kwezitshalo zezimbali.
Funda futhi ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuvuselela i-orchid uma izimpande zibolile.
Ukukhuphula ama-orchid ezimweni zamakamelo akulula uma wazi yonke imininingwane yokunakekelwa kwembali. Yakha i-microclimate efanele, uyenze kahle, uyibuyise ngesikhathi - bese isitshalo siyojabulisa umnikazi isikhathi eside ngezimbali ezimnandi.
