Mhlawumbe endaweni yakho ubusika obude obude futhi i-thermometer ebusika ivame ukuwela uphawu -20, kodwa lokhu akulimazi ukutshala isivini futhi, ngokulandela iseluleko sethu, sikhule isivuno esihle kakhulu sezithelo zama-sun.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zamagilebhisi okumele zikhule abaqalayo emgwaqeni ophakathi
Yiqiniso, amagilebhisi akhula cishe wonke ama-cottage ehlobo. Uma ungahlali eningizimu, ngokuvamile amagilebhisi "u-Isabella". Ibanga elingenakuzithoba, linikeza isivuno esikhulu, izithunzi ezivela elangeni futhi lihlobisa ama-arbors. Kodwa iberry lakhe kuncane, elimuncu futhi linambitha. 
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngenxa yokukhethwa kwabafundi bezintandokazi kanye nabaqeqeshiwe, abavinini bewayini bahlakulele izinhlobo eziningi ngokumelene nokuqina kwamaqhwa kanye namajikijolo amakhulu. Ukukhethwa okukhulu kwezinhlobonhlobo nge-flavour ezihlukahlukene kanye nemibala yamajikijolo, shayela amafomu. Phakathi kwalolu lolwandle oluthile, sizokhetha umvini omuhle weqembu eliphakathi.
Njengoba sithenge ukuhlelwa kwe-varietal okuhle, singalindela isivuno esihle. Uma ufuna ukutshala amagilebhisi ngesiphuzo samajikijolo kusuka kumhlophe kuya ku-pink, khetha lezi zinhlobo zasebusika-eziqinile:
- Yantar Samarsky
- Jabulela
- Muscat Tsikhmistrenko
- I-Muscat yamaDessert
- Aleshenkin
- Crystal
- Laura.
Uma ukhetha izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ngombala wamajikijolo kusuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuya emnyama obomvu, khona-ke unake lezi zinhlobo:
- Mfowethu Delight
- Agat Donskoy
- Ekuqaleni kwe-Purple
- Ikhadineli
- I-Kishmish iyingqayizivele
- I-Codrean
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinamakha amahle amnandi ngephunga elimnandi.
Okubalulekile ukwazi ngokutshala amagilebhisi
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo
Kubalulekile! Izithombo zamagilebhisi zingcono kakhulu ezithengwa kubaqoqi be-amateur, ezitolo ezinkulu zezithelo noma kubalimi. Kuhle ukuza ubone ukuthi amagilebhisi akhula kanjani ezinhlobonhlobo ezifunayo emanzini, ukuthi uveza kanjani izithelo, yini okudingekayo. Ukuthenga isitshalo samagilebhisi noma isitsha, uzokuqiniseka ukuthi uthenge ngokuqondile izinhlobo ezifunayo. Gwema izimakethe zemvelo.
Lapho uthenga amagilebhisi, landela le mithetho
- Thola amahlumela entwasahlobo (ngoMashi - Ephreli)
- Kungcono ukuthenga amagilebhisi amahlumela kumthengisi owazi konke mayelana namagilebhisi futhi akhulise futhi uyojabula ukwabelana nawe ulwazi kanye namathiphu wokunakekela, ubonise izithombe kusuka engadini yakho. Nika ikheli nenombolo yocingo.
- Umshini wezinhlobo ezimbili weminyaka uzoba nesimiso esinamandla sezimpande ezikhanyayo.
- Izithombo ezithengiwe zidinga ukwelashwa ngamalungiselelo "BI-58" noma "Kinmiks" (ngendlela ephindwe kabili) kusukela ekudleni kwamagilebhisi - phylloxera. Nciphisa isidakamizwa emanzini ngesilinganiso se-2 ml. 10 amalitha amanzi. Gxila kulezi zithombo izixazululo for isigamu sehora bese ugeza.
- Izithombo ezithengiwe zitshalwe emgwaqweni kuphela eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili kaJuni. Ngaphambi kokuphuma, zigcinwe emasakeni esikhwameni nge-perforations.
Ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ungatshala amabhakede amahlanu-litre bese ukhula eningizimu kuze kufike ngoJuni.
Isithombe sikhombisa isipilili samagilebhisi eneminyaka emibili ngesistimu eqinile yezimpande.
Ukukhetha indawo yokufika
Ngaphansi kokutshala komvini, sikhetha indawo evaliwe imimoya yasenyakatho (udonga lwephalazi, indlu noma ucingo), ilanga. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe ne-drainage (hhayi i-marshy lowlands). Amagilebhisi akhetha ukulungiswa kwemigqa esuka eningizimu kuya enyakatho. Uma kunesibindi esincane, bese utshala amagilebhisi emathafeni aseNingizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga.
Lapho isayithi ligcwele flat, futhi udonga oluseningizimu ludlulile kakade, khona-ke ungakwazi ukwakha ucingo olungaphezu kwamamitha amabili bese uliqondisa ukusuka empumalanga kuya entshonalanga. Ngokushesha uzokwazi izimfihlo zokuvunwa kwezivini ezizindlini! Kungenzeka kunalokho ukwakha ucingo olujulile ucingo ucingo.
Izindlela zokutshala amagilebhisi
1. Uma inhlabathi yokutshala amagilebhisi ingesihlabathi, izitshalo kumele zitshalwe emanzini.
2. Uma umhlabathi ugobile noma ubumba (le mhlabathi ayifuni kahle) noma isakhiwo esinamanzi angaphansi komhlaba angaphansi komhlaba, abalimi batusa ukutshala emagqumeni aphezulu. Iziqu ezinjalo zasendulo zazibizwa ngokuthi "wadala". 
Imithetho yokunakekelwa kwamagilebhisi emgwaqeni ophakathi, amathiphu wabaqalayo
1. Ungasheshi ukutshala amagilebhisi amasha endaweni ehlala njalo.
Vumela izithombo ezincane zikhule ngokuthula e-shkolke kuze kube yilapho ibhisikidi yokuqala ibhulashaza. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukunakekela izithombo ku shkolka. Isembozo esinamandla esivela ku-frost.
Abalimi abavela ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ezimweni eziningi bazame ukutshala izithombo ezincane ezindaweni ezihlala njalo, kunalokho, ehlobo lokuqala bahlwanyela imbewu ngayinye esitsheni esikhulu futhi lezi ziqukathi ziphonsa isigamu sazo emgodini wesikole.
Lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibanda, iziqukathi zidluliselwa esiteji nasenqenqemeni lapho. Ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMeyi, badluliselwa kusuka esitsheni kuya emhlabathini.
Lolu buchwepheshe lwezithombo zamagilebhisi ezikhulayo zibavumela ukuba bakhule ngokushesha futhi baqale ukuhluma kuqala.
2. Hlela isivini sakho
Izinhlobo zamatafula nezithelo zewayini zidinga ukuba zitshalwe ngokwahlukana. Uhlelo lokufika luhlukile.
Amagilebhisi eThebula Ihamba okungenani ngamamitha angama-1 nengxenye nebanga phakathi kwehlathi, futhi izinhlobo zewayini - ezinamandla kakhulu, izikhathi eziphakathi kwezihlahla zingamamitha angu-0.8.
Ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amagilebhisi, kunikezwe ukubandwa okubandayo kanye nokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo, kulula ukuqinisekisa ukulima nokunakekelwa emgwaqeni ophakathi.
Izinhlobo kuphela ezizidinga zizocubungulwa futhi zivikeleke.
3. Amapulangwe asetshenzisiwe avela eYurophu noma ezindaweni ezifudumele atshalwe cishe elele phansi..
Ukulala phansi, ekugcineni bakhulise izimpande zabo futhi bavumelane nesimo sezulu esisha nesimo sokushisa.
Akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi i-polarity ebonakalayo isici samagilebhisi. Izithelo zomvini zihluma ziboshwe ngokuqinile. Lokhu kunikeza ukuthuthukiswa okufanayo kwazo zonke izihlumela ezincane eziluhlaza.
Uyazi? Uma i-garter yenziwe yimibala, amahlumela kuphela avela emaqenjini asezingeni eliphezulu azokhula kahle, nalabo abakhula ngezansi bazokwehla emva kokukhula.
Ukubunjwa kwamagilebhisi
- Zonke izindlela zokwenza izihlahla zamagilebhisi zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu azifihlekile futhi angavikelekile.
- U-Fan kanye nezinye i-cordon formirovki zidinga indawo yokukhosela ebusika ngakho-ke kuthiwa yiyo evikelekile.
- Izihlahla ezineziqu kanye ne-Bowline arbor azifihli ebusika.
- Ukulinganisa okujwayelekile nokukhothamela kusetshenziselwa ezindaweni zeqembu eliphakathi uma kwenzeka izinhlobo zemagilebhisi ezinganqamuki.
- Isivuno esizayo samagilebhisi sibekwe emvinini ovuthiwe kulonyaka. Kusukela amehlo akhe entwasahlobo kuvela ukuqhuma izithelo.
Misa indlela yokumisa
Ngonyaka wokuqala izithombo zivunyelwe ukuhlala futhi yakha isihlahla kuphela kusukela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, ukubunjwa kwalo kuqhubeka iminyaka emihlanu. Uma isisekelo samasaka esihlahla sakhiwa, isidingo sokubunjwa njalo sinyamalalala.
Esikhathini esizayo, ifomu ligcinwa ngokunciphisa ekwindla. Kuwe, amaphesenti angama-90 weminyaka emine ayasuswa emagilebhisi amakhulu, kanti nemivimbo yehlobo eyanqunywa, lapho amaqoqo asevele evuthiwe. Zonke izimbambo ezincane ezingekho fruiting nazo zisusiwe.
Yakha amagilebhisi ngokwendlela kaGuot.
Enyakatho, ukwakheka kwamagilebhisi okujwayelekile kungenye yepumelelo kakhulu. Lena uhlelo lokudala ifomu lokudala. Yayiswa yi-Frenchman Guyot ekhulwini le-19. Isivinini sewayini esinolwazi, uGuot, sanconywa ukubunjwa okulula, lapho amaqoqo amagilebhisi awazange agxilwe ngobuningi obuhlaza obuningi futhi agculwe ngokuphelele.
Unyaka ongu-1 - i-whip enamandla ikhula, ifinyelelwe ekwindla, ishiya amehlo amabili ngaphezulu komhlabathi noma ngaphezulu kwesayithi lokuhlanganiswa. Kwezinye izimo, ushiya amehlo amathathu (uma kwenzeka kwenzeka).
Unyaka ongu-2 - imivimbo emibili yonyaka ongashadile ikhula kusuka emaqenjini angewona ama-buds (avame ukukhula ezinamandla kunonyaka owodwa), uwasika ube mfushane (noma umshini wokufaka esikhundleni), ushiye amafihlethi amabili nesikhathi eside.
Isikhathi eside umvini ovuthiwe wonyaka ozayo. Ngesikhathi sokuwa, i-knot entsha nesithelo somvini omusha kuzophinde kwakhiwe kusukela kumafindo okufaka esikhundleni. Ubude besithelo somvini bulawulwa ukudubula; amaqabunga amane asele ehlathini elincane.
Futhi umvini omdala udinga amafihlethi ayi-6 kuya kwangu-12. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesitshalo, ukunciphisa imicibisholo, unganciphisa umthwalo emagilebhisi athela izithelo, ngaleyondlela ukwandisa ukuvuthwa kwamagilebhisi.
3 iminyaka - yenza imivimbo eqondile ye-garter. E-garter enjalo kusukela efihlekile emivini yemifino isondeza ukuqhuma kwesithelo seminyaka eyodwa. Ziqiniswa ngokuqinile, kanye namafindo avela kudoti lokufaka endaweni, ukuze zikhule ngokushesha.
Uma ekugcineni kufudumele, umvini we-fruiting unamathele ngokufana nomhlabathi ngetambo ye-trellis, ucabangela ukukhanya kwe-polar yesitshalo. I-Garter efana nomhlabathi izonikeza ukukhula okunamandla kwemivimbo yemifino yonyaka owodwa kusukela ebusweni bomvini we-fruiting.
Zombili izigqoko ezivela emgqeni wendwangu yokubuyisela ziboshwe ngokuqondile kwi-wire trellis, futhi zithuthuka kahle. Isibungu esasizovuna kuleli hlobo, susa. Konke kunqunywa ku-bitch.
Kukhona kuphela umshini, lapho kukhona imivini emibili ekhulile ehlobo. Bazoya ekubunjweni kwe-bitch entsha nomvini omusha. Inqubo yonke yokusika iziphindwa njalo ngonyaka.
Sakha isihlahla somvini ngendlela "Fan".
Uyini umehluko phakathi kokubunjwa kwamafilimu amagilebhisi kusukela ekubunjweni koFulentshi Guyot.
Ukwakhiwa kwe "fan" kunikezela ukuthi amagilebhisi awawona amakhanda amabili athela izithelo, kodwa amahlanu noma ngaphezulu. Lezi mikhono ziboshwe nomshayeli ophethe izihluthulelo ngokuqondile. Ubude bemikhono buyichaza ukuthi yikuphi ukuma okumele kusetshenziswe.
Imikhono yamagilebhisi inkulu futhi incane, ejwayelekile futhi engeyona ejwayelekile, eyingqayizivele kanye ne-multi-storey, lapho izintambo zezithelo ziboshelwe phezu komunye nomunye.
Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, bazimisele kakhulu ukusebenzisa ukubunjwa okunjalo okungavamile, kungenjalo "Fan" noma "Half Tower". Kungcono ukumboza ama-shrub ngekwakhiwa okunjalo, kulula ukwenza ama-handslee bese uphinde uvuselele esihlahleni ngokusika izihlahla. Igalela ekuvuneni okuphezulu.
1. Iminyaka embalwa yokuqala sibheka amagilebhisi, njengokusebenzisa indlela yeGuot.
2. Usuku lomnyaka wesithathu luqala ngokubunjwa kwemikhono. Sikhula imivini emibili ngomkhono owodwa.
3. Imivini eneminyaka emithathu ubudala isivele ibelethe, kanti lesi sitshalo sikhula ukushona kwamamitha amane. Lezi zinhlupho ziyaqedwa ekwindla, kunikezwe ubude bezingubo ezifunayo. Ubude obuncane besikhwama esinqunyiwe asingaphansi kwengxenye yamitha. Ziboshwe ebhasini elingaphansi le-trellis ngumfana. I-Garter iphakama kuze kube ngu-50 cm emhlabathini.
Ngaphezulu kwehlobo, yonke imilenze yonyaka owodwa iyadliwa yonke imikhonto, ishiya 2-3 kuphela engenhla. Zizohamba lapho kudalwa ukuhlanganiswa kwesithelo nokuqhutshwa kwemikhono yamagilebhisi. Ziboshwe ngokuqinile kwi-trellis.
Ngisho nangaphambi kokuphephela kwesivini kuze kube sebusika, umvini wonke ongenasiphelo kanye nezimpondo ziyanqunywa. Uma umvini esihlahleni usukhulile kahle, ke silimaza i-whip ephezulu phezu komvini we-fruiting ngamasheya, futhi sifinyeze isifubhe esingaphansi kwezingcwecwe eziya ku-knot esikhundleni.
Esikhathini esizayo, ukubunjwa okunjalo kwenziwa kakade kuyo yonke imikhonto, ukusika umvini ophezulu ngezindlela ezinama-5-6 ngesikhwama sezithelo, nokusika umvini kusuka ngezansi nge-2-3 efihlekile ukuze uthole ihlumela lokufaka esikhundleni. Kancane kancane, le mikhonto iba ngaphezulu, inani labo landa lifika ku-7-8.
Uma izivini zivikelekile ebusika, izithelo ezinjalo zezithelo zizothela izithelo iminyaka eminingi.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Izwe elingaphansi kwesivini sivunwa kahle. Ekwindla, umquba kufanele ugcwaliswe ngaphansi kokumba endaweni yevini.
Kufika ku-10 kg wamanyolo + 50 g we-ammonium nitrate nosawoti we-potassium + 100 g we-superphosphate ngesihlahla esisodwa. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza futhi ngokushesha nje lapho amajikijolo eqala ukucula, umanyolo we-liquid usetshenziswa kanye nokunisela.
I-20 g ye-superphosphate + 10 g ye-ammonium nitrate ithathwa esihlahleni. Izitshalo zichitheka ebhakede lamanzi. Ngalesi sixazululo, lesi sitshalo sinisela amanzi ngaphansi kwezimpande noma ngemifula yamanzi.
Isivini sidinga ukukhishwa njalo kwenhlabathi emigqeni naphakathi kwemigqa. Ehlobo, abavinini bewayini bavula izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-6-7.
Kubalulekile! Uma amakhemikhali namakhemikhali afakwa ndawonye, inani lawo liyingxenye eyodwa.
Ukunisela nokutshala amagilebhisi
Ukuphuza amahlumela amancane amagilebhisi kuyadingeka. Ukuze ukondle uphinde usebenzise amagilebhisi ngesikhathi, unamathela amabhodlela epulasitiki ngesisekelo esinqunyiwe kumlingani ngamunye. Kungcono ukuthatha amabhodlela amabili noma ama-5-litre bese uyibamba phansi entanyeni yakho (akukho cork). Idivaysi enjalo elula izokwenza lula ukunakekelwa kwamagilebhisi kubaqalayo.
Uma izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi ziyithebula, emva kweminyaka embalwa, amabhodlela okunisela asetshenziselwa amapayipi ase-asbestos omude.
Ezinhlobonhlobo zezithelo zamagilebhisi, izitsha zokunisela zisuswa emva kweminyaka emithathu. Izinhlobo zobuchwepheshe zibizwa ngokuthi iwayini lewayini. Yena ngokwakhe uhlanza amanzi emhlabathini ngenxa yezimpande ezijulile.
Ubuchwepheshe bokunisela obuhlukile ngokuphelele kumagilebhisi amakhulu. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukuchelela. Ukunisela kuphela kwamagilebhisi amancane (kuze kube yiminyaka emibili) kanye nokwindla okunisela kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo, ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi ashicilelwe ebusika, kuyadingeka futhi kuyadingeka.
Iviki ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimbali, ukunisela ukuchelela - umswakama owedlulele kungabangela ukuchithwa kwembala yamagilebhisi nokukhiqiza ukulahleka.
Kubalulekile! Unganisi izivini ngokufafaza! Lokhu kubangela izifo ze-fungal. Ngokuvamile ezivini ezivuthiwe, imifudlana yamanzi igubha phansi kanye namapayipi ngenhlabathi ye-aeration efakwe ebangeni elingamamitha amahlanu ukusuka ehlathini. Amagilebhisi afana namagatsha asomile, ngakho-ke uma ungakwenza, yenza i-canopy ebonakalayo phezu kwezihlahla.
Indlela yokulungisa umvini ebusika
Amagilebhisi angama-thermophilic futhi angabusika kuphela endaweni yokuhlala. Ekwindla ejulile, ngaphambi kokuqala kwamaqhwa amaqabunga, kudingeka ubeke wonke amahlumela emhlabathini. Ngaphansi kwabo, phambana nokuthululela ungqimba lwesitshalo. Phonsa imivini emhlabathini ngezingcezu zocingo bese ufafaze umhlaba noma ubeke izinto zokuvimba eziphezulu.
Kungaba amagatsha ase-spruce, amakhadibhodi noma amabhokisi enziwe ngamapulangwe, i-lutrasil noma i-agrofibre, ehlungwe ezinqabeni eziningana.
Indlela yokunquma ukuthi uzovula nini amagilebhisi emva kokushona kwe-hibernation futhi uma ingafaki kusuka efrijini lokubuya?
Entwasahlobo, ngokushesha lapho iqhwa liyancibilika futhi izinga lokushisa lombuso lisungulwe ngaphezu kwe-5-7 degrees Celsius, izindawo zokukhosela zisusiwe, sisusa isitshalo esembathweni sasebusika.
Kodwa izinto zokwakha indawo zokuhlala zingasuswa ku-trellis trellis, zihlala zilele eduze, uma kwenzeka iqhwa libuya. Uma kwenzeka ukwehla okuqhubekayo ekushiseni, kulula ukuphonsa indawo yokukhosela emvinini. Futhi kuphela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, umvini ungavuswa nge-garter kwi-trellis.
Uyazi? Uma utshani lusetshenziselwa indawo yokukhosela isivini, kufanele kuthathwe utshani obunyakale wonyaka odlule. Khona-ke amagundane ngeke ahlale ngaphansi kwesiphephelo sasebusika samagilebhisi futhi ngeke awonakalise imivini.
Mhlawumbe yiziphakamiso zethu ezizokusiza ekudaleni isivini. Sithemba ukuthi umsebenzi ongokomoya kanye nomzimba otshala imali ekudalweni kwamagilebhisi, uzobuya kuwe ngamaqoqo amnandi.
