I-Cryptanthus yilezi zitshalo zasendlini ezingapheli futhi cishe azikho izitshalo, ngakho-ke abantu bavame ukukubiza ngokuthi "umhlaba wezulu". Izimbali zalo ezimhlophe zifihliwe emahlamvu, eqoqwe endaweni enhle futhi ibonakala engavamile kakhulu. Kulesi sihloko sizocubungula incazelo yembali, izici eziyinhloko zokukhula kwe-cryptanthus nokukhiqizwa kwayo ekhaya, ubuqili bokunakekelwa, kanye nezindlela zokulwa nezifo nezinambuzane.
Incazelo ye-Botanical yesitshalo
I-Cryptanthus yindawo yamahlathi aseMpumalanga Brazil. Imbali yashaya insimu yaseYurophu kuphela ngekhulu le-XIX, kodwa namuhla ingatholakala emafasiteleni amafama amaningi amateur.
Cabanga incazelo ye-botanical yembali:
- Lesi sitshalo singunaphakade, singowomndeni we-bromeliyevs. Uma ukhulile ezimweni zamakamelo, ukuphakama kwawo akudluli 35-40 cm.
- Uhlelo lwempande lukhuni futhi lunezinga elincane, kodwa lihlanganiswe.
- Amaqabunga ahlala isikhathi eside futhi aqinile, ahlangene ne-rosette evumayo enesimo sezinkanyezi. Kuye ngohlobo lwesitshalo, amaqabunga ayo afinyelela ku-10-40 cm ubude futhi u-3-4 cm ububanzi.
- Kuye ngohlobo, amaqabunga ombali angase abe aluhlaza noma anemibala eminingi, enemibala eluhlaza, ephuzi, ebomvu noma emhlophe. Ngaphansi kweshidi ligcwele izikali.
- Isikhathi sokuqhakaza siwela engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo. I-peduncle itholakala maphakathi ne-rosette futhi ivame ukumbozwa ngamaqabunga avela ngenhla.
- I-inflorescence encane ye-spike iqukethe izimbali eziningana ezimhlophe, okwakubonakala kufana nensimbi. Ama-stamens amade ombala ophuzi okhanyayo aphuma embali ngayinye.
- Izimbali ziphela cishe ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, futhi endaweni yamafihlethi abunayo amabhokisi amancane nembewu avela.
- I-Cryptanthus inobuthi, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukuyikhulela endlini lapho kunezingane ezincane nezinkomo ezifuywayo.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko
I-genus ye cryptanthus ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-20 nezinhlamvu eziningana. Ukulima endaweni yemvelo kuvame ukukhethwa izinhlobo ze-cryptanthus, ezinamaqabunga azinhlobonhlobo ezinemibala.
Uyazi? Ukuhunyushwa kusuka egameni lesiGreki elithi "cryptanthus" lisho "imbali efihliwe."
Cabanga ngezinhlobonhlobo eziyinhloko zalesi sitshalo ngencazelo emfushane yezinhlobo zonke:
- I-Cryptanthus stemless (Cryptanthus acaulis) - Enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezikhulile ekhaya. Ukuphakama kwembali kungaba ngu-20 cm, ububanzi be-rosette buyi-12 cm. Amaqabunga amade aphethe amathiphu akhombisayo kanye namaphethelo we-wavy, lapho amazinyo abukhali atholakala khona. Umbala weLeaf uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka omhlophe noma obomvu obude.
- Lalela Funda Kudivayisi kuphela Kwengeziwe Buka Kufakiwe Cryptanthus bivittatus - isitshalo sinomshini ohlangene ngenxa yokuphakama kwamaqabunga angu-7-8 namazinga amancane, ubude bawo abudluli ku-10 cm. Amaqabunga ombali aqoqwe ema-rosettes amancane (cishe ububanzi obuyi-15 cm) futhi anama-wavy azinamazinyo amancane. Ubuso babo buhlaza okwesibhakabhaka obugqamile futhi buhlanganiswe nemigqa emibili yokukhanya kwe-longitudinal.
- I-Cryptanthus bromelioides - ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo, unezinhlamvu ezimfushane nezinhlamvu ezikhanyayo. Umbala wabo ungaba ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuze kube obomvu obomvu obunombala obomvu obomvu noma obomvu obude. Ingafinyelela ku-30 cm ukuphakama, ubude bamaqabunga buba ngu-12 cm. Amaphethelo amaqabunga awakhiwe futhi amathiphu akholwa.
- Cryptanthus cross-striped (Cryptanthus zonatus) - amaqabunga awo agcwele imibala ye-wavy ehamba phambili yombala omhlophe noma ophuzi. Ubunjwa beqabunga bubekwe eceleni, ubude bayo bufinyelele ku-20 cm. Amaqabunga ahlanganisa isikhwama sokusabalala esingaba ngu-20 cm.
- Cryptanthus fosterianus - enye yezinhlobo zezitshalo ezinkulu, ifinyelela ukuphakama kwama-cm 35. Imbali inezinhlamvu ezincane cishe ubude obungama-40 cm nge-wavy, i-edge edges. Umbala wamaqabunga unombala obomvu, futhi imivimbo yesiliva ye-zigzag iyatholakala kuwo wonke amaqabunga eqabunga.
- I-Cryptanthus Red Star (inkanyezi ebomvu ye-Cryptanthus) - enye yezinhlobonhlobo eziqhakazile nezincane zembali. Amaqabunga asitshalo anemibala enombala obomvu futhi aqukethe umugqa omnyama owuhlaza obumnyama ophakathi nendawo. Ububanzi be-outlet buyi-15 cm kuphela. Amaphethelo wekhasi awakhiwe nge-wavy futhi agwetshwe kumbala omnyama we-burgundy.
Izimo zokuhlakulela ekhaya ngokuphumelelayo
I-Cryptanthus ayidingi izimo ezithile ezikhulayo, kodwa idinga inhlabathi encane kanye nenhlabathi efanelekayo yokukhula okujwayelekile nokuvimbela ukutholakala kwezifo. Umhlabathi wembali kufanele ukhethwe okuxekethile, ukuze uthathe amanzi kahle futhi izimpande zesitshalo zingathola inani elanele lokuswakama nomoya. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ngemibandela ye-microclimate yembali ekamelweni.
Indawo nokukhanyisa
I-Cryptanthus idinga ukukhanya okwanele. Okubaluleke ngokukhethekile ukukhanyisa okuhle kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezinemibala egqamile, njengoba ikuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze futhi ubheke kahle iphethini lemivimbo.
Kubalulekile! Ekhaya, i-cryptanthus isetshenziselwa ukukhula ngokugcwele ezindaweni ezivaliwe noma ezivaliwe ezibucayi.
Imihlahlandlela yokukhanyisa esemqoka ibhalwe ngezansi:
- I-Cryptanthus inconywa ukuthi ifakwe eduze nasentshonalanga noma iwindi lesempumalanga ukuze lihlinzeke ngokukhanyisa okukhanyayo okugqamile;
- imbali ayikwazi ukufakwa ilanga eliqondile, njengoba lokhu kuzoholela ekushiseni kwamaqabunga;
- isitshalo sikhula kahle ku-penumbra, kodwa ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, umbala wamaqabunga awo uphenduka;
- uma usuku lungakabi isikhathi eside, udinga ukusebenzisa ukukhanyisa okufakelwayo - izibani ze-fluorescent;
- Umthombo wokukhanyisa okufakelwayo kufakwa ebangeni elingamamitha angu-0.5 ukusuka embali futhi kufaka okungenani amahora angu-8.
Ukushisa kwemoya nomswakama
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-cryptanthus ikhula ngesimo sezulu esifudumele nesimanzi, ngakho-ke, uma isikhulile ekhaya, kubalulekile ukugcina ukushisa okunethezeka kwembali futhi unikeze izinga elaneleyo lomswakama. Ekamelweni elinomoya omile, amaqabunga omuthi alahlekelwa umphumela wokuhlobisa futhi aqale ukuma.
Izidingo eziyisisekelo zokushisa kanye nomswakama womoya embali zibalwe ngezansi:
- ehlobo, kutuswa ukuba ugcine izinga lokushisa ekamelweni + 22 ... + 24 ° С;
- ekwindla nasebusika sekwephuzile, ukukhula kwembali kunciphisa, ngakho ikamelo lingase libe + 18 ... + 20 ° С;
- izinga lokushisa elincane okuthi cryptanthus lingakwazi ukumelana liyi-15 ° C, kodwa kuphela isikhathi esifushane;
- ukushisa kwehla kanye nemidwebo kufanele kugwenywe;
- Izinga lomoya umswakama kufanele libe ngu-60-70%.
Ukuze uzuze amaphesenti aphezulu omswakama womoya, sebenzisa i-pallet ngobumba obumanzi, obumba ibhodlela ngembali. Umphumela omuhle unikezwa ngokupuniza njalo kwamaqabunga.
Ungayinakekela kanjani ekhaya?
I-Cryptanthus ingokwemvelo ekunakekeleni izitshalo zasekhaya. Iphuzu elibuthakathaka lembali yizimpande zalo ezibucayi nezibuthakathaka, ezidinga ukwelashwa ngokucophelela ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwesitshalo nokunamathela ngokuqinile ekutheni. Futhi ukuze amaqabunga ombali angalahlekelwa ukubukeka kwawo okuhlobisa, kubalulekile ukutshala ngesikhathi. Okulandelayo, sibheka imithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekelwa kwezitshalo.
Uyazi? Ngokuphathelene ne-botany, i-cryptanthus isihlobo esikude senaninaphu.
Ukunisela
Imbali iphendula ngokungathandeki kokubili umswakama ngokweqile emhlabathini, kanye nokuntuleka kwayo. Ukuphuza kufanele kube neningi, kodwa emva kokuba ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi ebhodweni loma.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokuchelela i-cryptanthus ihlelwe ngezansi:
- Amanzi okushisa kwamakamelo kuphela afanele ukuchelela isitshalo;
- I-spring and i-cryptanthus ehlobo iphuziswa kakhulu ngevama izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto;
- ukuvuthwa kwekwindla kanye nobusika kufanele kube nokulinganisela okungaphezulu - cishe isikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini ezingu-10;
- Amanzi kufanele athululelwe ngqo emhlabathini ozungeze isitshalo futhi aqiniseke ukuthi awenzi i-rosette yamaqabunga - lokhu kungabangela ukuba iqabunga libole;
- amanzi amaningi ngokweqile egeleza epanini kumele aphucwe isigamu sehora emva kokuchelela ukuze amanzi angabi naso.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Esikhathini sokukhula okusebenzayo kanye nezimbali ze cryptanthus zidinga ukondla. Kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo obunzima wamaminerali for izimbali izitshalo zasendlini, wathengwa esitolo. 
Imithetho yokondla ibalwe ngezansi:
- Umanyolo usetshenziswa kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSeptemba ngesikhatsi samasonto amabili;
- ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa ngenkathi ukuchelela esilinganisweni esilingana nesigamu sezincomo kuphakheji;
- uhlobo olukhethiwe lomanyolo alufanele luqukathe i-calcium, futhi inani le-nitrogen kulo kufanele libe lincane;
- ekwindla nasebusika imbali iwela esimweni sokuphumula, ngakho-ke umanyolo awusetshenzisiwe ngalesi sikhathi.
Ukudubula
Ngesihlahla esicatshangelwayo, ukukhula kancane kuyisici - ngonyaka kuphela amaqabunga amasha amabili avela embali, ngakho-ke i-cryptantus ayidingi ukusika izihlahla. Endabeni yokumisa amathiphu amaqabunga avela ezingeni elimnandi lokuswakama, ungakwazi ukusika ingxenye ephuzi ukuze ulondoloze ukuhlobisa imbali. Amathiphu omile anqunywe kancane kunalokho lapho kuvela khona ingxenye eluhlaza yeqabunga.
Ukufakelwa
Ungayiphindaphinda imbali njengoba kudingeka, ngokushesha nje lapho iqhutshwa embizeni yakudala. Le nqubo ivame ukuqhutshwa entwasahlobo ka-1 njalo eminyakeni engu-3-4, ngaphambi kokusila.
Kubalulekile! Ngezinye izikhathi i-cryptanthus ikhulile ngezicucu nezinkuni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimpande zawo zihlanganiswe emanzini amanzi futhi zifakwe ngokuvikelekile ekusekelweni ngokusebenzisa ucingo.
I-Cryptanthus ikhula ngokuphakama kancane kancane, kodwa ikhula ngobubanzi, ngakho-ke udinga ukuyihlwanyela ebhodweni elingajulile nelibanzi. Ububanzi bebhodlela elisha akumele lidlule ubukhulu be-rosette yembali, futhi kufanele kube khona imigodi yamanzi phansi kwetangi.
I-Cryptanthus isetshenziselwa ibe inhlabathi evundile futhi evundile.
Ungathenga i-substrate eyenziwe ngomumo ezitolo ezikhethekile noma upheke ekhaya kusuka ezizindeni ezinjalo:
- humus - izingxenye 0.5;
- i-Moss - ingxenye engu-1;
- iqabunga lomhlaba - ingxenye eyodwa;
- peat - ingxenye engu-1;
- ochotshoziwe i-pine bark - izingxenye ezintathu.
Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo mayelana nokufakelwa kwesitshalo inikezwe ngezansi:
- Lungisa ibhodlela eliphansi lobubanzi obufanele futhi ubeke ungqimba lwamanzi kuwo endaweni yesithathu yokuphakama. Njenge-drainage, ungasebenzisa izitini ezenziwe ngezitini noma ezandisiwe.
- Susa isitshalo kusuka ebhodweni elidala kanye ne-clock earthy, ezama ukulimaza izimpande.
- Dlulisa imbali ebhodweni elisha bese wengeza inhlabathi entsha esitsheni ukuze igcwaliswe emgqeni. Beka inhlabathi emhlabathini.
Ukuzala
Inqubo yokuzalanisa i-cryptanthus ekhaya ilula, futhi ngisho nomlimi we-novice angayenza. Ngokujwayelekile, i-specimen entsha ikhulile kusuka kumbewu noma kusuka ezinkambisweni ze-lateral zesitshalo somzali. Isici esiyinhloko sokhiqizwa yilokho ukuhluma okuphumelelayo kwembewu kanye nokuqothula kwamahlumela kuyadingeka ukudala izimo zokushisa nokuhlinzeka kahle. Ake sicabangele ngayinye yezindlela ezibalwe zokukhiqiza kabusha kwe-cryptanthus ngokuningiliziwe.
Izinqubo ze-Lateral
Ngemuva kokuqedwa kwezimbali eduze kwesisekelo se-cryptantus, ungabona izinqubo eziningi zezintombi - izingane. Zakha ngokushesha amaqabunga amancane ezincane kanti ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5-2 zakha izimpande ezincane. Lezi zinqubo ze-lateral zingasetshenziselwa ukusakazwa isitshalo.
Kubalulekile! Uma uhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini akunakwenzeka ukujulisa isisekelo sayo kakhulu emhlabathini - lokhu kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande ukubola.
Imiyalo yesinyathelo-nge-sinyathelo yokwenza le nqubo ishiwo ngezansi:
- Lungisa iziqukathi ezincane zomhlabathi ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi equkethe umhlabathi ohlaza, ishlabathi kanye nezinhlamvu ezincane ze-pine bark (ku-3: 1: 1).
- Ukusebenzisa ummese obukhali, uhlukanise ngokucophelela inqubo evela kumzali umzali kanye nezimpande ezincane. Faka ukusika ukuze ufafaze amalahle achotshoziwe.
- Bamba ukucindezeleka okuncane emhlabathini bese ubeka umntwana kuwo, ufafaze izimpande nomhlaba. Vala isitsha ngefilimu noma ingilazi.
- Beka ibhodlela ngenqubo ekamelweni elihle elifudumele (+ 25 ... + 28 ° С). Qinisekisa ukuthi isitsha samatshe asiwi ilanga eliqondile.
- Nsuku zonke, vula ifilimu imizuzu engu-15 ukuhlinzeka izitshalo ezincane ukufinyelela emoyeni.
- Namanzi izithombo ezinamanzi afudumele afudumele.
- Izingane ezitshaliwe zizoqina emasontweni angu-3-4, emva kwalokho ifilimu isusiwe futhi inakekelwe izithombo, njengezitshalo ezindala.
Ividiyo: Ukukhiqizwa kwe-cryptanus ngokusika
Imbewu
Ezitolo ezikhethekile ungathenga imbewu eyenziwe ngomumo we cryptanthus futhi ukhule imbali kubo. Kunconywa ukutshala imbewu enhlabathini ehlanganisa i-peat nesihlabathi entwasahlobo. Uma uthenga ukutshala impahla, udinga ukukhetha kuphela imbewu elula kakhulu futhi ubacubungula ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
Imiyalo yesinyathelo-ngesinyathelo sokukhula kwe-cryptanus kusuka kumbewu inikezwa ngezansi:
- Lungisa izimbiza ezincane nezingajulile uzigcwalise ngenhlabathi.
- Cindezela kancane imbewu yembali enhlabathini. Ungagcini ubuso bomhlabathi.
- Vala isitsha ngembewu ngefilimu bese uyibeka endaweni ekhanyisiwe ngokushisa kwomoya okungama-26 ° C.
- Ifilimu yokuphakamisa nsuku zonke yokushayela. Sula inhlabathi ngembewu njengoba idla.
- Ngemuva kokuba amahlumela avele (ezinsukwini ezingu-10-14), ifilimu isusiwe, futhi amandla anezithombo agcinwa kude nemidwebo.
- Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-3.5-4, lapho amaqabunga ekhula amaqabunga 3-4, awela emithonjeni ngayinye.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka ngokukhula
Uma unikeza i-cryptanthus ngokunakekelwa okudingekayo futhi udale izimo ezifanelekile ze-microclimate ekamelweni, awukwazi ukukhathazeka ngokuthi kwenzeke izifo noma izinambuzane. Kodwa uma kunezinkinga ekukhuleni imbali, udinga ukuthola imbangela yabo futhi uhlinzeke ngokufanelekile i-cryptanthus usizo oludingekile.
Uyazi? I-Cryptanthus iyona encane kunabo bonke phakathi kwe-Bromeliads. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ukuphakama kwayo kungama-50 cm kuphela.
Uhlu lwezifo zezitshalo nezinambuzane ezikhona kungenzeka lubhalwe ngezansi:
- Umsuka wokubola. Kuyenzeka lapho inhlabathi ingaphezu kwamanzi, kanti ingxenye engezansi yesitshalo kanye nesisekelo samaqabunga aqala ukunyamalala, imbali iba buthaka. Esikhathini sokuqala, i-cryptanthus ingasindiswa ngokuyifaka endaweni engaphansi kwe-substrate nokunciphisa ukuchelela. Ngomonakalo omkhulu ezimpandeni, ungahlukanisa kuphela izingane futhi ukhule kuzo isitshalo esisha.
- Ukushiswa kwelanga. Zivela lapho amaqabunga e-cryptantus ehlangana nelanga eliqondile. Amabala aluhlaza avela phezu kwesitshalo, iqabunga liqala ukoma. Amaphethelo aphuzi weqabunga ayanqunywa, futhi imbali ijwayele ukukhanya kwelanga.
- I-fly fly. Ivela ezimweni zokunisela ngokweqile noma ngaphezulu kokuphalaza kwe-cryptantus. Izimpawu zokubukeka kwazo yizimpungushe eziguquguqukayo ezingeni eliphansi lamaqabunga, ukutholakala kwamacwecwe anamathelayo namabala amnyama esitshalweni. Ukuqeda inkathazo, sebenzisa izinambuzane zamakhemikhali.
- Isibungu se-spider. Amabala amancane amnyama avela emaqabunga, futhi ubuso bawo obuphansi bumbozwe embukheni omncane. Imbali ihlanzwa izinambuzane nge-swab ikotini efakwe emanzini ase-soapy, bese ifafazwa ngezinambuzane.
- Shchitovka. Le nkathazo ingahlala emaqabunga e-cryptantus futhi inesayizi encane kakhulu. Ungayithola ngokubonakala kwamabala amnyama emaqabunga, isici esihlabayo kanye nokubuthelwa kwezinambuzane ebusweni obuphansi beshidi. Ukuze ususe le nkathazo, kuqala isuswe emaqabunga nge-toothbrush, bese kuthi imbali iphathwe nezidakamizwa ezikhethekile zokulwa nezinambuzane.
I-Cryptanthus ingaba umhlobiso wanoma yikuphi ukungaphakathi ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okuhlobisa, amaqabunga amaqabunga anambala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukudala izimo ezichaziwe ngenhla kulesi sihloko bese ulandela imithetho elula yokunakekela imbali nsuku zonke.
