IDavallia isitshalo sokuhlobisa i-epiphyte. Le fern yaphakade itholakala ngokwemvelo ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Asia, kufaka phakathi iChina neJapan, kanye naseCanary Islands. Itshalwa kahle ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nezindawo zokuhlala, ngaphansi kokushisa njalo. Ibizwa ngokuthi ahlonishwe yi-botanist yemvelaphi yamaNgisi u-E. Davalla.
Incazelo ye-davallia
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-fern ifinyelela ku-1.5 m ububanzi nobubanzi obuyi-1 m, futhi ezitshalweni zasendlini iyeka ukukhula ngo-stem ubude obu-45 cm. Ngenxa yethambeka, elinamachaphaza amhlophe nge-villi emhlophe, lithole igama elidumile elithi "hare unyawo". Empandeni, ungabona nezikali zomthunzi onsundu noma onsundu.
ICrohn iyabhebhetheka. Amaqabunga angama-openwork, aluhlaza okhanyayo, ohlakazeke ngokuqinile, ezinhlotsheni eziningi zesimo esingunxantathu, yize kukhona futhi ezinama-oval noma ezimise okwedayimane. Isiqu sithambekele ezansi, yingakho i-davallia ikhethwa ukuthi ikhule ibe imbali enkulu. Ngemuva kwepuleti lamaqabunga kukhona i-sporangia e-brown (isitho lapho kwakhiwa khona izinhlamvu, kuvulwa ngesikhathi sokuzala).
Izinhlobo ze-davallia
Kunama-subtypes angama-60 esitshalo. Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ezingatshalwa hhayi kuphela endaweni ebamba ukushisa, kepha futhi nezimo zasekamelweni, z wethulwa ngezansi.
| Buka | Incazelo |
| Kukhishwe | Amacembe amaqabunga angunxantathu we-hue ekhanyayo eluhlaza okotshani ku-petioles ephuzi. Amahlumela aphansi. |
| Amamitha | Okufushane, kuze kufike ku-25 cm ukuphakama. Kubekezelela ukwehla okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa, kepha hhayi izinkomba zokukhipha. Izimpande zimbozwe ngamabhulashi amhlophe. |
| Ubukhulu | Amahlamvu mude, aze afike ku-50 cm, ahlukaniswe abe yindilinga oyinyumba nolayini, aqukethe i-sporangia. I-Petioles nsundu. |
| Ihlamvu emihlanu | Amapuleti aqinile ane-sheen ecwebezelayo. I-Chocolate rhizome, i-villi imfushane futhi ithambile. |
| Bubbly | ISporangia itholakala eziqongweni zamaqabunga avuvukala kancane. Faka umbala okhanyayo okukhanyayo, isiyezi sokujikeleza komoya. |
| Fijian | Ukuphakama kufike ku-90 cm, ukwakheka kwe-openwork, umbala omnyama oluhlaza. Vuselela njalo amahlumela. |
| I-Canary | I-subspecies ethandwa kakhulu. Isisekelo simbozwe isikali esinsundu ne-villi. Iziqu zivezwe lapha ngezansi, zimbozwe ngamahlamvu amahle angama-oval avela phezulu. |
Ukunakekela i-davallia ekhaya
| Ipharamitha | Izimfuneko |
| Indawo / Isibani | Isikhundla ewindini lasentshonalanga noma elisempumalanga, ukuvikela elangeni eliqondile. Ukusabalalisa ukukhanya nokuvimbela ukushiswa, ungasebenzisa i-tulle. |
| Ukushisa | Unyaka wonke ukuhlinzeka ngokushisa + 18 ... +22 ° C. |
| Ukunisela | Amanzi njengoba umhlabathi waphezulu womisa. Ehlobo, manzisa inhlabathi kaningi. Sebenzisa amanzi afudumele, axazululiwe nethani lokunisela ngekhala elincane, noma gxilisa ibhodwe esitsheni samanzi, bese ukhipha uketshezi oluningi. |
| Umswakama | Bheka izinga lama-50-55%. Futha kumanzi afafazwe abilayo, uphinde uwafake njalo ezitsheni nge-peat enomswakama, ukuvikela ukubola kwe-wai. |
| Ukugqoka okuphezulu | Galela ingxube yenhlabathi kusuka ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti kanye njalo emavikini amabili. Sebenzisa ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezinhlobo zezindawo ezishisayo, unciphise umthamo izikhathi ezi-3-4 uma uqhathanisa nezinconyiwe. |
Ukufakelwa, inhlabathi
Imbiza yokutshala kufanele ibe isicaba futhi ibanzi. Ukwakha imisele ephuma odakeni olwandisiwe ngezansi. Hlanganisa ingxube yomhlaba kusukela kulezi zinto ezilandelayo ngesilinganiso 2: 1: 1: 1: 2:
- Peat;
- isihlabathi somfula;
- umhlaba wefudu;
- sphagnum moss
- i-decusuous humus.
Ukufakelwa kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngeminyaka emi-2 noma kanye ngonyaka uma izimpande zigcwalisa imbiza ngokushesha. Inqubo ingenziwa kusukela ngoMashi kuya ku-Ephreli.
Ukuzala
UFern akanazo izimbewu, uma kusetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kabusha, ama-spores noma izingxenye ze-rhizome zingasetshenziswa. Indlela yokuqala iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu:
- Izinhlamvu zivuthwa ngemuva kweqabunga. Isithunzi esimnyama sibonisa ukulungela ukuhluma. Uma umbala ulungile, izinhlamvu kufanele ziklwebheke futhi zomiswe endaweni emnyama amahora angama-48.
- Lungisa isitsha esisezingeni eliphansi eligcwele Peat emanzi. Kunconywa ukufaka inzalo inhlabathi ngamanzi abilayo noma ukubala: lokhu kuzonyusa amathuba wokuhluma.
- Nyakazisa inhlabathi, usakaze izinhlamvu ngokulinganayo ebusweni bawo. Vala ikhabethe noma imbiza nge-foil bese ushiya isitsha esisewindows esikhanyisiwe, egumbini elinamazinga okushisa okungenani +12 ° C. Ngemuva kokuhluma (kwenzeka kungakapheli inyanga eyi-1) fafaza i-peat kusuka kusibhamu sokufafaza.
- Gcina amahlumela ngaphansi kwefilimu, anikeze umoya nsuku zonke imizuzu engu-15. Qhubeka nokuthoba umswakama kusuka kwisibhamu sokufafaza.
- Uma izithombo zisondele kakhulu, thwebula (ukutshala okuvulekile kakhulu, uthathe ngama-tweezers).
- Kancane kancane khulisa isikhathi somoya kanye nenyanga eyodwa ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, ekugcineni ususe ifilimu.
Indlela ephumelela futhi elula ukuhlukanisa izigaba. I-algorithm yokubulala:
- Khipha isitshalo esidala ebhodweni. Susa umhlaba ezimpandeni.
- Ngensimbi ebukhali, efakwe inzalo, hlukanisa i-rhizome ibe izingxenye okungenani eziyi-7 cm ezineqabunga okungenani elilodwa. Cubungula amanxeba ngamalahle ochotshoziwe.
- Izingxenye zembewu ezitsheni ezihlukile. Ezinyangeni ezi-1-2, naka ngokukhethekile ama-fern amasha.
Ungasebenzisa ingxenye yesitshalo ukuthola izimpande: isiqu noma iqabunga. Umphumela kuleli cala awuqinisekisiwe, kepha uma isigaba sigcinwa endaweni eluhlaza endlini, kusenokwenzeka.
Izinkinga ezikhulayo i-davallia
Ukwehluleka ukulandela imithetho yokunakekelwa ekhaya kuyacunula ukonakala noma ukubola kwesitshalo. Lezi nezinye izinkinga, kanye nezinyathelo zokulwa nazo, zivezwa ngezansi.
| Inkinga | Isizathu | Isixazululo |
| Ukukhula kancane | Ukuntuleka kokufaka umquba noketshezi, ukuntuleka kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet. | Dlulisela enhlabathini entsha nembiza, shintsha i-sill yewindows noma uthenge izibani zokufakelwa. |
| Amaqabunga aluhlaza | Ukushiswa yilanga. | Hlela kabusha i-fern iwindi lasentshonalanga noma umthunzi. |
| Ukuwa kweqabunga | Umoya ophansi noma izinga lokushisa lamanzi. | Amanzi kuphela ngoketshezi olufudumele, hlela kabusha ibhodwe eduze nebhethri (kepha ungavumeli ukweqa ngokweqile). Nqamula okusalungiswa noma ususe i-epiphyte emafasiteleni naseminyango. |
| Wai omnyama | Umoya omile. | Sifutha lesi sitshalo njalo noma uhlele okugeza okufudumele, uvikele ukungena kwe-ketshezi ku-rhizome. |
Izifo Nezinambuzane
| Isifo / iPest | Izinyathelo zokulungisa |
| Ukubona indawo yokuhlunga | Sika izindawo ezinesifo sesitshalo. Izilayi zicutshungulwa kusetshenziswa amalahle achotshoziwe. Futha i-fern Mikosan. |
| Ukubola kwezimpande | Susa izimpande ezibolile, udlulisele imbali enhlabathini entsha. Izinsuku zokuqala ezingama-2 azinisi amanzi, bese uqiniseka ukuthi i-hydration ayizeli ngokweqile. |
| AmaNematode | Akunakwenzeka ukwelapha isitshalo. Kuzodingeka ukuthi kukhishwe ngaphandle. Ukuze i-fern entsha ingaguli, kufanele ubambe i-substrate kuhhavini isigamu sehora. |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Njalo fafaza iziqu ezivela ku-atomizer (umkhaza wesaba umswakama). Uma inqubo elula ingasizanga, cubungula nge-Actara noma i-Actellik. |
| Ama-aphid | Ukucubungula isitshalo ngamanzi anensipho. Uma izinambuzane ziphinde zavela, phinda inqubo kuze kube izikhathi ezi-3 ngekhefu lezinsuku ezingama-3-4. Qinisekisa ukuthi uketshezi aluweli kwi-rhizome ebucayi. |
