Ama-orchids ayizihlahla ezinzima futhi ezingavamile, ngakho-ke akulula ukuveza izimo ezidingekayo kubo efulethini elilula. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuholela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene zezimbali, ezisevikini ezimbalwa eziholela ekufeni kwakhe. Kusukela kulesi sihloko uzothola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi kungani ama-orchid enza izimpande ezomile, nokuthi yini okumelwe yenziwe kweso simo nokuthi ungasindisa kanjani isitshalo.
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani ama-orchid eyomile izimpande
Izimpande ze-orchid ziphelela ngenxa yezizathu eziningi; ngisho nokungazinaki okuncane kwezidingo zesitshalo kuphazamisa ukuzivikela komzimba futhi kwandisa izinkinga ezinselele zemvelo. Kulokhu, izimpande kule nqubo zidlala indima eqinile, ngoba zihlangana ngokuqondile nezimo zenhlabathi nomoya. 
Amanzi aqinile
Abaningi bezakhamuzi zamanxiwa zanamuhla basebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile empompo kusukela ohlelweni lwamanzi oluphakathi ngezidingo ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile uketshezi olunjalo lugcwele inani lamaminerali ahlukahlukene kanye nosawoti. Ngesikhathi abantu nezilwane, inhlanganisela enjalo ngokuvamile ingabi nezinkinga ezinkulu, izitshalo eziningi azibekezeli amanzi anjalo.
Uyazi? Ama-orchids abhekwa njengenye yezitshalo zasendulo emhlabeni, abonakala ngesikhathi saseMesozoic, eminyakeni engaba ngu-145 million edlule.
Amanzi anamanzi ashukumisa ukuqoqwa kwalezi zinto emhlabathini, okuholela ekudleni kwayo. Umhlabathi onosawoti obangelwa umuthi uba yindawo enonya kakhulu yokwenza kabi izicubu zezimbali, okwenza kube nokuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kuholela ekusenikeni komhlaba wonke we-flower kanye nokufa kwayo. Akunzima ukuqaphela ukugubha kwebhodlela, izimpande nomhlabathi zimbozwe ngokuqhakaza okumhlophe, okubangela ukuqubuka kwezinhla zomhlabathi.
Umanyolo uvutha
Ukushisa kokubili ubuningi obuhlaza kanye nezimpande akuyona into evamile ku-floriculture. Ekuphishekeleni izimbali eziningi futhi zihlala isikhathi eside, abathandi abaningi bezitshalo basebenzisa isimiso esikhulu sokubilisa umquba. Nokho, lokhu kuvame ukulimaza umsebenzi obalulekile wezitshalo. Akukhona kuphela ukugxila okuphezulu kwezakhi, kepha futhi izithako ezivamile zingalimaza kokubili izingxenye zomuntu kanye nazo zonke izimpande. 
Kulesi simo, i-substrate igcwele inombolo enkulu yamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene kanye neziqhamo zokubola kwazo. Zithinta kakhulu izicubu ezinomzimba zomzimba, okwenza ama-patches amnyama emathanjeni ezimpande. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvame ukudala inhlabathi ukuba ihlulwe, eyonakalisa izinkomba zayo ze-hydrological. Futhi lokhu kuphelisa kuphela i-microclimate jikelele ku-substrate.
Ukungabi namanzi
Ukuchelela okungavamile kungenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokubilisa, kokubili komhlaba kanye nangaphezulu komhlaba. Ngokuvamile, abalimi bahlakulela i-orchid izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngesonto, becabangela ukuba kube isilinganiso esiphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlukahluka komuntu ngamunye kanye ne-hybrid yembali kuhlukaniswa nomswakama womuntu ngamunye, okungeke kwenzeke kodwa kuthinte isidingo saso somswakama.
Kubalulekile! Umthamo womswakama we-substrate uma ukukhuphula ama-orchid akufanele kuguquke. Iphuziswa ngokushesha emva kokuvela ebusweni bekhasi elomile elomile.
Ukunganaki lokhu ngokuvamile kubangele kokubili kokumiswa kwe-substrate nokugqamile, ngenxa yokuthi izimpande zawo zivame ukuphela. Kule nkinga, inkinga ingabonakala ngesimo sezinsizi. Uma kunomsoco owandayo, zimbozwa ngezingubo zokugqoka, kepha uma kungenakwenzeka zime ngaphandle kweminye imiboniso. 
Umoya omncane ophansi
Isibonisi esiphezulu somswakama endaweni yokuhlala ye-orchid singaphakathi kuka-50-60%, ukunganakwa kwalesi sibonakaliso kuvamise futhi kubangele kokubili ukuguqulwa kwembali, kanye nezingxenye zayo. Njengoba lezi zinhlobo zibhekwa njengomswakama-onothando, ngisho nesomiso esifushane sithinta leso sitshalo, okwenza kube nezifo ezihlukahlukene ze-pathologies.
Funda futhi ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma amaconsi anamathele avela e-orchid.
Ngokuvame kakhulu ngale nkinga abalimi bembali batholakala ebusika. Iningi lokushisa amadivayisi ngokushesha liyanciphisa umswakama ekamelweni kuya ku-20-30%, okungenakuthinta kodwa i-orchid. Kulesi simo, ukubhubhisa ngokuvamile akuhambisani nanoma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa futhi kuqedwe kalula uma umswakama uphuma phezulu.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo
Ngokuvamile ukutheleleka kuba umphumela wokunakekelwa okungalungile kwesihlahla, kufaka phakathi ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nombuso wokunisela. Ngalesi sikhathi, igciwane lesitshalo liyancishiswa kakhulu, okudala izimo ezihle zokunqothula imbali ngama-microorganisms we-pathogenic. Ngokuvamile, ukutheleleka kushukunyiswa isikhunta, okuhambisana nezibonakaliso ezihlukahlukene zangaphandle (izindawo zokubeka i-putrefactive, i-white, brown noma i-plaque emnyama). 
Ukulimala komzimba
Ukuhlukumezeka ezimpandeni kuvame ukuholela ekutheni, kodwa le nkinga evamile hhayi kuphela phakathi kwabaqalayo, kodwa futhi abaqeqeshi bezimbali bahlangene. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka emva kokufakelwa okungafundi kahle noma okungenandaba. Abaningi bayashesha ukufaka uphawu lwe-substrate uma befaka esikhundleni sebhodlela, okuyinto engathandeki kakhulu, noma engakhathazeki ngesitshalo. Ngokuvamile kukhona ukulimala ngemuva kokuba ibhodlela livela ewindini lefasitela; kulokhu, izinyathelo ezifanele kufanele zithathwe ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho imbali izofa ezinsukwini ezingu-1-2 kuphela.
Indlela yokuthola inkinga
Ukunquma ukubola kwesisindo se-orchid kulula. Ngokuvamile, isibonakaliso sokuqala salesi sifo siwukuvimbela ukukhula kwembali ngokujwayelekile. Izinkinga ezihlukahlukene ngezimbali nazo ziyahlangana naye, ziyoma, ukubunjwa kwe-efihlekile ezintsha kancane kancane. Umswakama obuluhlaza uphinde udlule, amaqabunga abe ngaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukukhomba lezi zibonakaliso, njengoba ziphazamiseke kakhulu futhi azibonakali ukubonakala okukhanyayo.
Funda ukuvimbela nokuphatha ama-orchid ngezifo.
Isibonakaliso esicacile sokumiswa kwesisindo sempande singaba ukwanda okusebenzayo kwezimpande zomoya. Ngokuvamile, i-orchid ingaqala izimpande ezingaphezu kuka-3, ngakho-ke ukukhuphula okubalulekile kwenombolo yabo kufanele kuxwayise umlimi. Lokhu kugcizelela njalo ukuthi izimpande zasemhlabeni zikhula ezimweni ezimbi, ngakho-ke ukuze uhlaziye ukungabi khona kwamanzi umswakama nezinye izinto, imbali imane idinga ukwakha umthamo wempande ephezulu engaphezulu. 
Futhi, ukukhula kwezimpande ezingezona izici ezingxenyeni ezingenhla ze-substrate kungabonisa ukuthi ukuphela kwesimiso sempande. Uma zihluma ngezindlela ezingafani, kufaka phakathi ngenhlabathi, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esikhulu somhlabathi onenkinga. Ngakho bazama ukuthola umthombo wamanzi atholakalayo noma umoya. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zingahle zihlukaniswe futhi ziphazamiseke kancane, ezibonisa ukufa okungafinyeleleki kwezimpande.
Izindlela zokuvuselela i-orchid
Into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe uma ubona ukubola kwesitshalo ukucacisa imbangela eyinhloko yenqubo yezokwelapha. Kuphela kuleli cala, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhethe uhlelo olwamukelekayo kakhulu lokuqeda ukwelashwa ngokulimala kakhulu emzimbeni wembali.
Sincoma ukuthi uthole ukuthi kungani amaqabunga ephuza ngama-orchids.
Ngosizo lokufakelwa endaweni ejwayelekile ye-substrate
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo ze-orchid zibe yi-substrate entsha kungenye yezinyathelo ezinkulu kakhulu zokuvuselelwa kwembali. Kuyinto engavumelekile uma isimiso sezimpande sezitshalo sibhekene nokushiswa kwamakhemikhali, izifo, noma izilonda ezithintekayo ezifakiwe. Noma kunjalo, ngoba le mbali kufanele ilungiselelwe.
Yenza ukufakelwa kabusha kokuvuselela ngakho:
- Sika i-peduncle, bese ushiya amaqabunga e-orchid aphuzi.
- Susa isitshalo ebhodweni, ulibeke esitsheni esijulile ngamanzi afudumele amahora amaningana.
- Thatha imbali emanzini, uzizwe ngokucophelela. Izingxenye ezinamandla ezimpande zizobe zikhululekile, ngakho-ke zishiywe zilula futhi zilukhuni ukususa.
- Phatha i-orchid nge-fungicide eyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba lokhu kuhlanganiswe amahora angu-6-8 kwisisombululo se-Fitosporin (amaconsi angu-7 nge-200 ml).
- Ukuze kusebenze imbali, ifakwe emanzini afudumele amahora angu-2-3 nsuku zonke nge-system system, bese igcinwa emoyeni ekamelweni lokushisa.
- Ngemuva kwezintwana ziyanwetshwa ngu-4-5 cm, i-orchid ishintshelwe endaweni entsha.
Uma izimpande eziningana zihlala zingaguquki embali, ukufakelwa kwezihlahla kwenziwa kanje:
- Susa i-orchid ebhodweni, bese usika izimpande kanye nezimpande ezilimazayo.
- Gcwalisa isitshalo ngesisombululo se-succinic acid (1 g / l) amahora amabili, bese usomile ekamelweni lokushisa.
- Hlanganisa imbali e-substrate entsha, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zokuboshwa (umthunzi okhethekile, ukuchelela okulinganiselayo, izinga lokushisa cishe + 20 ... + 25 ° C), lizoqeda ngokuphepha ngamasonto angu-1-2 kuphela.
Kubalulekile! Uma ngesikhathi sokugeza amanzi izimpande zingapheli ukuphela, inqubo yamanzi yenziwa usuku lonke, ngekhefu le-2-Amahora amathathu
With softener amanzi
Njengendlela edingekile, ukutholwa kwamanzi kuqaliswa uma ngesikhathi sokunisela nokunisela, ngaphandle kwesibonakaliso esinhloko, izinhlobonhlobo zamanzini anosawoti noma i-white bloom zivela esitshalweni nasemhlabathini. Noma kunjalo, amanzi avame ukusiza ukubuyisela ukwanda okunempilo komswakama ongenhla uma kwenzeka ukungafihli okungajwayelekile kwemvelo. Indlela elula yokunciphisa amanzi ilula futhi isakazeka kakhulu.
Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukunciphisa inqwaba yamakhemikhali e-carbonate, okumelela inqwaba yamanzi usawoti ehlakazwa emanzini. Phuma ubilise imizuzu engu-20-30. Indlela yokuchitha isikhathi esincane ilula ukuxazulula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amanzi athululelwa esitsheni esiphakeme futhi agcinwe ekamelweni lokushisa usuku, cishe u-2/3 wezingqimba ezingenhla kuthathwa ukuze kunisela. 
Futhi banciphisa amanzi nge-acidification. Kulesi simo, kuba cishe kufana nomswakama owela emahlathini. Kulokhu, i-citric acid, i-succinic acid, noma enye i-carboxylic acid kancane kancane ifakwe emanzini kuze kutholakale i-pH ka-6.5.
Ukutshala
Ukusetshenziswa okulungile nokufika kwesikhathi kokugqoka okuphezulu kubhekwa njengendlela engcono kakhulu yokubuyisela izimpande ezififiwe ezidalwe umonakalo owenziwe ngomshini. Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngosizo lwezixazululo zezinto ze-phytohormonal ezikhuthaza ukuqaliswa kwezinqubo zemvelo zokuhlanganiswa kwamaseli amasha kubhekwa njengendlela ephumelela kakhulu. Okungabizi kakhulu kulezi yisisombululo esincinci se-acidic acid.
Uyazi? Ama-orchids angaba nobuhlobo obuhlukahlukene, emvelweni wemvelo atholakala ngobukhulu obuvela kumamitha ambalwa kuya kwamashumi amamitha amaningana.
Ilungiselelwa kusuka ku-1 l wamanzi ahlanzekile kanye no-1 g we-succinic acid concentrate. Leli ketshezi lisetshenziselwa ukugqoka ama-foliar, ithululelwa emfudlaneni omncane ungene e-substrate kuze kube yilapho umswakama owedlula ukhiqizwa emigodini yamanzi. Yenza inqubo esikhundleni sokunisela okulandelayo kuya kuma-orchids agcwele ama-rooting. Ukuze kutholakale isimo esiphuthumayo, lesi sitshalo sigxile kwisisombululo amahora angu-2-2.5. 
Ukuvimbela
Ukuvimbela izimpande ze-orchid ekumeni, lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo kufanele zithathwe:
- lapho ukuguqulwa kwama-orchid kudinga ukunakekelwa ngokukhethekile ebhodweni. Ibhodlela elihle kufanele libe ngamasentimitha amaningana ububanzi obukhulu kunomqulu wesistimu;
- ngesikhathi sokuphuza kuyadingeka ukuqapha isimo somhlabathi, akudingekile ukuphinda uhambise phansi i-substrate, futhi ukuyibeka ekumeni. Inhlabathi kufanele iphuze ngokulinganisela, kungabi ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngesonto;
- ukuqapha ngokucophelela izinga lokushisa nomswakama endaweni ekhulayo yemifino (izinga lokushisa liphathelene + 18 ... + 25 ° ะก nomswakama ebangeni elingama-50-60%);
- ukucubungula njalo imbali i-fungicides enzima;
- njengoba isitshalo sikhula ukufaka esikhundleni sebhodwe ne-substrate.
Thola ukuthi i-orchid ingabuyiselwa kabusha uma izimpande zibolile.
Ukumisa izimpande ze-orchid yi-pathology evamile eyenzeka phakathi kwabavuni abanokuhlangenwe nakho nabaqalayo bembali. Le nkinga ayithinteki nje kuphela isimo esijwayelekile sembali, kodwa ngokuvamile iba imbangela yokufa kwayo, ngakho-ke wonke umuntu oyisivande kufanele abe ngumnikazi wezindlela zokuvuselela izitshalo, kanye nokukwazi ukubuyisela kahle izimpande ezilimazayo.
