I-Brunfelsia itholakala emakhaya ethu kakhulu kakhulu kunama-ficus, violets noma ama-ferns, kodwa ukubukeka kwayo akukwazi ukushiya ukungaboni kahle okwakhiwa kwezindlu zangempela.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwale mbali lunenzuzo yalo yokuhlobisa: esihlokweni sizocabangela izici zabo nemithetho yokunakekela i-bruunfelsia ekhaya.
Incazelo yezitshalo
Incazelo yembali ka-brunfelsia kufanele iqale ngokutadisha izici zayo ezijwayelekile, ezihlobene nazo zonke izinhlobo zayo futhi zithonye ngqo ekukhethweni komlimi.
Izici ze-Botanical
I-Brunfelsia ilungu lomndeni wabahlengikazi, izwe lakubo yindawo engaphansi komhlaba eNingizimu ne-Central America Endaweni yemvelo, amahlathi angakhula angaba ngu-3 m noma ngaphezulu, kodwa ama-domestic specimens akhula kancane kuya ku-2 m. Ngokuvamile lezi ziyizitshalo ezinamahlumela ahlumayo nezimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe, eziphuzi noma ezibomvu ezivela ezinyathelweni eziningana: lapho i-batch yokuqala iyancipha, endaweni yayo intsha entsha yakhiwa ngokushesha. Iningi lalezi zimbali azikhiphi kahle, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi zisalokhu ziphunga iphunga elimnandi. Izimbali zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ziqala ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari zize ziphele ngoMeyi. 
Amaqabunga asitshalo ayihlotshanisi kakhulu kunezimbali zawo. Ngomumo, ziyi-oval-elongated, ezinomphetho oqondile. Ubuso bamacwecwe amashidi bubushelelekile kuya othintekayo, umbala obala obala obala. Wonke ama-leaflet anamathele emaphethini amafushane ku-oda elilandelanayo, okunikeza umqondo womqhele omuhle kakhulu.
Uyazi? Ezindaweni zokukhula kwazo zendabuko, ukuphuza okuvamile, okungenzeka kubangele ukucubungula, kwenziwa ngamagqabi nezimbali zezinhlobonhlobo ze-bruunfelsia ezinamanzi amakhulu noma ahlukene.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko
Inketho ephumelele kunazo zonke yekhaya i-brunfelsia yezimbali ezimbalwa, okuvame ukutholakala ku-floriculture yangaphakathi. It has a usayizi encane futhi ibonakala ngonyaka round izimbali zezimbali. Noma kunjalo, izimbali ngesikhathi esifanayo kancane, futhi lokhu kuhlukanisa isitshalo esichazwe kwezinye izinhlobo.
Phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo ze-Brunfelsia, ezifanele ukutshalwa ekhaya, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa okulandelayo:
- Ikhulu-iphethwe (noma i-francisceia enezinyosi) - ezihlukahlukene kakhulu, ezethulwa ngesibhakabhaka esincane, kufika ku-1 m ukuphakama. Lapho useneminyaka emincane, i-stem ihlale iluhlaza futhi ihamba kahle kakhulu ekuthinteni, kepha ineminyaka yobudala (cishe eminyakeni engu-3-4 emva kokutshala) i-scaly bark yamafomu ombala ophuzi kuwo. Amaqabunga ambalwa omzimba we-lanceolate atholakala esiteshini ngendlela ehlukile futhi agcinwe kuwo wonke ama-petioles amafushane. Ingxenye engezansi yamapuleti amaqabunga edwetshwe ngombala obala obala, kepha ingxenye engaphezulu inombala obumnyama ogcwele obumnyama. Izimbali ze-Sky-blue - ezingashadile (4-5 cm ububanzi ngamunye) noma ezihlangene zibe amaqoqo amancane avulekile. Izibonelo eziphelile zishintsha i-blue-violet. Izimbali ziqala ngoMeyi futhi zihlala kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo.
- Broadleaf - ibonakala ngamaqabunga aluhlaza obumnyama obuhlaza obumnyama nezimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okushintsha umbala kumhlophe ngosuku lwesine emva kokuvela. Zakhiwa ngamagundane avulekile avulekile, ahlanganisa ubuhle esitshalweni.
- I-Australia - Inketho enkulu yokutshala ezindlini zokugcina izindlu noma izingadi ezinezikhala ezanele zesikhala samahhala. Njengoba ubukhulu obuncane, loluhlobo lweBrffelsia luba nezimbali ezinkulu, kuze kube ngu-6 cm ububanzi. Zonke ziqukethe amapelishi amahlanu aluhlaza okwedlulele ngokuphelele amaqabunga aluhlaza aluhlaza.
- I-American (noma "ubuhle besobusuku"). Lezi zihlukahluke zihlukile kulawo odlule ngokubunjwa kwephunga elivuthayo elimibalalayo ebusuku. Ekuqaleni, izimbali ziqoshiwe ezimhlophe, kancane kancane ziba nemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ngaphambi kokuba zome ziba ziphuzi. Amacwecwe afakwe emakhazeni e-American-type aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ahliswe ku-petiole, avuliwe engxenyeni ephakathi futhi akhomba ekugcineni.
- I-one-flowered - Omunye wabameli abakhulu bezobuciko obucatshangelwayo, obonakaliswe amaqabunga aluhlaza obumnyama afinyelela ubude buka-10 cm. Izimbali ezilodwa zikhula zibe ngu-2.5-3 cm ububanzi futhi ngesikhathi esichitha esihlahleni ziguqula umbala wazo kusuka ku-lilac noma ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya cishe mhlophe.
Kubalulekile! Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ozikhethayo, zonke izitshalo zidinga izimo ezikhulayo ezifanayo, ngakho-ke, ukuze ungaphazamisi izimbali zemvelo, kuzodingeka ulungise izinga lokushisa ekamelweni, ukunciphisa ebusika kuya ku-10 ... + 15 ° С.
Zuza kanye nokulimala
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-brunfelsia ezikhulayo yizimfanelo zayo eziphakeme zokuhlobisa nokulula okuqhathaniswa nokunakekelwa, okuyinto elula kakhulu umsebenzi wokutshala isitshalo.
Ngokuqondene namaphutha, okuphawulekayo kubo kuphela okukodwa - ubuhlungu obukhulu bembali, ngenxa yokuthi yikuphi ukuphathwa kabi kwe-bruunfelsia okufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngeglavu. Zonke izingxenye zalesi sitshalo zinobuthi, futhi uma izinto ezinjalo zingena emzimbeni womuntu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukusibeka phansi ngisho nokuboshwa okuphefumula kungenzeka (ikakhulukazi kuyingozi kubantu abahlukunyezwa yi-asthmatic). 
Izimo zokukhula ekhaya
Uma usenquma ukuzuza imbali exotic, kufanele ucabangele inombolo yezici zokulima, okuzosiza ekugcineni ukulondolozwa kwezinga eliphezulu lokuhlobisa isitshalo esingavamile.
Indawo
I-Brunfelsia izwa kahle nakusihlwa, ngakho-ke isikhathi esithile uzokwazi ukuthuthukisa ngokugcwele efasiteleni elinyanyisiwe ligcwele ukukhanyisa okubi kakhulu usuku lonke.
Ukukhipha igumbi ngesitshalo kungenziwa kumkhuba wendabuko wezinye izimbali, kodwa ukuze ugweme inkinga engenzeka, kusadingeka ukususa imbali kude nemifudlana yomoya ebandayo. Ehlobo, ibhodlela le-brunfelsia lingasetshenziswa ebhodini, i-priten encane ebangeni elishisayo ukuze igweme ukuphela kwezimbali.
Kubalulekile! Uma imbali ingenaso ukukhanya okwanele kwemvelo, uzoyibika lokhu ngokugcoba amaqabunga amacembe aphansi bese unciphisa ubukhulu bezimbali. Lokhu kwenzeka uma isimo sezulu esinesibhakabhaka eside noma ukuhlala isikhathi eside kude nemithombo yokukhanya.
Ukushisa
Ukushisa kwemoya efanelekayo yisimo esiyinhloko sezimbali ezimnandi zeBrunfelsia, ngakho-ke, kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kufike ekwindla, zama ukulondoloza izinkomba zayo ngaphakathi + 18 ... + 20 ° C, ngokwanda okungaphezulu kuka-22 ° C. 
Esikhathini esibandayo (kusukela ngo-Okthoba), lezi zindinganiso kufanele zinciphise kancane kancane ku- + 9 ... + 14 ° С, zilawule ngamasonto angu-8-12 alandelayo. Izinga lokufakazela lesi sikhathi lihlala lifanayo.
Umswakama womoya
Uma sicabangela umsuka we-Brunfelsia, lesi sitshalo sikhetha ukufudumala komoya, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphakeme. Ehlobo, izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngeviki, ungasiphalaza ibhodlela esitokisini, kodwa hhayi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Isixazululo esiphephile senkinga yomoya omile kulokhu kungaba ukubeka ibhodlela epanethi elinobumba obunanzi obunwetshiwe, ama-moss noma amatshe amatshe. Ukufakwa kwamakhemikhali asebenza emoyeni okukhethekile kuzoba usizo.
Ukunakekelwa ekhaya
Akunzima ukunakekela iBrunfelsia ekhaya kunezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo zegumbi; into eyinhloko ukuhlela ukuchelela ngendlela efanele, ukhethe umanyolo ofanelekayo womquba, ukusika okwesikhashana nokuhlwanyela imbali.
Ukunisela
Ukuze kukhule kahle nokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesitshalo, kudinga ukuchelela okuvamile futhi okuyizinyosi, ukuvimbela umswakama ukuqhuma noma ukuma ngokweqile kwe-substrate ebhodweni (kulokhu, akukho ngaphezu kuka 2-3 cm kubhekwa njengamagugu amukelekile). Ukuvama kwenhlabathi okugcoba ehlobo izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ezinsukwini ezingu-7, kodwa ebusika kuncishiswe izikhathi ezingu-1-2. 
Uma ukhulile emhlabathini ngokuphendula okungathathi hlangothi, kuyasiza ukwengeza i-sulphate encane ye-iron, i-colloidal sulfur noma amanye ama-fertilizer amaminerali eketsheni lokunisela ukukhulisa leli xabiso. Kwamanye amacala, ukusetshenziswa kwemanzi okuhlanza okuhlanzekile, okuhlanjululwe kanye nokuxazululwa okushisa kuvunyelwe.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Bafaka imfucuza ye-brunfelsia yasemakhaya unyaka wonke, kuphela ukuhlushwa kwezakhi kuzokuhluka kuye ngezikhathi zamanje. Esikhathini esifudumele, njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili, izitshalo zingadliwa ngezitshalo eziyinkimbinkimbi zamaminerali zezitshalo zokuhlobisa izimbali, zizibhekise ezimisweni ezichazwe ngumenzi.
Funda mayelana nokudla izitshalo zasendlini nge-iodine.
Kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuFebruwari (umquba okhulayo) kufanele usetshenziswe okungaphezu kwesisodwa njalo emavikini 3-4, ukunciphisa umthamo u-⅓ noma u-½ kusuka kulokho okuphakanyiswe umenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kanye nezinsuku ezintathu, i-ammonium nitrate ingafakwa engxenyeni ye-substrate, ichithe u-1.5 g wezinto eziku-1 litre lamanzi. 
Ukudubula
Ukudubula imbali exotic kuyadingeka ikakhulu ekugcineni kwezimbali, okusiza ukuvimbela ukuvezwa kwamagatsha. Kulesi simo, amahlumela afinyelelwe ku-1/3 ubude bawo, avumela amagatsha asele aphumile ukuba akhule, aqhube futhi alethe imbewu entsha.
Ehlobo, ungaphonsa iziqongo zezitshalo, ngenkathi ususa izimbali ezomisiwe namaqabunga amaqabunga. Ukusika izimpande zezingxenye ezibolile noma ezomile kungenziwa noma kunini.
Uyazi? Ezindaweni zaseBrazil, lapho i-Brunfelsia isakazeka khona ensimini, ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi amagama amahle, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi "izolo - namuhla - kusasa." Lokhu kungenxa yokukwazi kwezitshalo ukushintsha umbala wezimbali zabo, cishe nsuku zonke, ukuthola umthunzi omusha.
Ukufakelwa
Izitshalo ezincane ze-brunfelsia kuzodingeka zisetshenziswe njalo ngonyaka, ngenxa yokukhula okusebenzayo kwebhodlela elisetshenzisiwe ngokushesha liba lincane. Izibonelo zabantu abadala (emva kweminyaka emithathu) zingabuyekezwa isikhathi esingu-1 eminyakeni engu-2-3, ngokuvuselela ngonyaka kuphela ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi ebhodweni. Umthamo omusha wokufika kufanele ube mkhulu kunalowo owedlule kuphela ngo-2-3 cm kanye nobukhona obunomthetho obunqamulelayo bokungena. 
I-substrate ye-flower exotic kufanele ibe yinto evulekile futhi ilula, nge-reaction acidic noma acidic. Ukuze ulungiselele, ungaxuba ngobuningi obulinganayo bamaqabunga, ama-turf kanye nenhlabathi ye-coniferous bese ufaka isihlabathi kubo kanye ne-bone encane yethambo lesidlo. Ungase futhi uhlanganise ingadini, umhlabathi weqabunga nesihlabathi esinamaqabunga ngesilinganiso se-2: 2: 1. Uma kunokwenzeka, inani elincane le-peat eligeleza phansi ngeke libe khona. Inqubo ngokwayo iyenzeka kahle ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, igxile kulokhu okulandelanayo kwezenzo:
- Lungiselela ibhodlela elisha, ubeke ungqimba lwamanzi ngaphansi (isibonelo, izitini ezichotshoziwe) bese ubeka inhlabathi kwisitsha cishe cishe ingxenye yesilinganiso sayo.
- Moisten le substrate.
- Khipha ngobumnene i-bruunfelsia ebhodweni elidala (ungakwazi ukulungisa ngaphambili ibhola lobumba ngokunisela okuningi).
- Hlola uhlelo lwempande futhi, uma kunesidingo, unqume izimpande ezibolile (kuhle ukufafaza indawo yokusikeka nge-carbon crushed activated).
- Beka isitshalo phakathi kwe-tank entsha yokutshala bese ugcwalisa i-rhizome ne-substrate esele ukuze kube khona u-1 cm wesikhala samahhala kuze kube semkhawulweni webhodlela (esikhathini esizayo lokhu kuzosiza kakhulu ukuchelela).
- Inhlabathi encane ehlanganisiwe, ungahambisa imbali endaweni yayo yokuhlala unomphela.
Kubalulekile! Isitshalo esikhiqizwayo sidinga isikhathi sokujwayela inhlabathi entsha, ngakho-ke zama ukuyiphazamisa ngokunisela nokugqoka okungenani izinsuku ezingu-3-4.
Ukuzala
Ukuze uthole izitshalo ezintsha ze-Brunfelsia, izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zisetshenziselwa: i-vegetative (ukuhlanganiswa) kanye nenzalo. Owokuqala ukuvumela ukuba uthole ngokushesha imbali entsha, kodwa kunzima nakakhulu. Owesibini ulula kancane, kodwa amahlumela azofanele alinde isikhathi eside. Sihlaziya ngamunye wabo.
Cuttings
Ukusakazwa kwezitshalo nge-cuttings kuhilela izenzo ezilandelayo:
- Khetha ukudubula okwesibhakabhaka esihlahleni somnikeli futhi uqede ngokucophelela ingxenye yayo ukuze okungenani ama-internode amathathu asele kuso.
- Gweba ukusika kwisithuthukisi sokukhula (isibonelo, "Kornevin") futhi ushiye okungenani amahora amathathu.
- Lungisa ibhodlela elincane, ligcwalise nge-substrate yezakhi (ingxube esetshenziselwa ukufakelwa kabusha i-bruunfelsia izokwenza) futhi wenze ukucindezeleka okuncane phakathi.
- Beka ihlumela elinqunyiwe enhlabathini bese uligcwalisa ngenhlabathi cishe ekugcineni kombhodlela (kufanele kube khona okungenani u-1 cm isikhala samahhala phakathi kobuso be-substrate nokuphela kwesitsha sokutshala).
- Hlanganisa inhlabathi bese umboza ummbila ngokugqoka epulasitiki noma ibhodlela lokusika, okuzosiza ukusheshisa ukwakha izimpande.
Inqubo yokuqothula isilinganiso samasonto angu-4-6 kanti konke lokhu kukhula kumele kube ekamelweni lokushisa kwezinga elingaphansi kwama-25 ° C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusika kuzodingeka kube njalo umoya (1 isikhathi ngosuku) bese uhambisa inhlabathi, mhlawumbe nge-spray.Imbewu
Indlela yokusabalalisa inzalo ilula kakhulu kunezolimo, ikakhulukazi uma usuvele unembewu ekulungele. Kulokhu, ukuthola isitshalo esisha, kufanele wenze izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Gcwalisa izitsha zokutshala ngenhlabathi futhi wenze izikhala ezincane kuzo (kufika ku-1.5 cm).
- Sitshala imbewu eyomile (akudingekile ukuyivuza), ugcine ibanga elingama-2-2.5 cm emkhatsini wezinhlobo eziseduze.
- Hlanganisa inhlabathi bese umboza ibhokisi ngokugoqa epulasitiki.
- Thatha izithombo ekamelweni elikuvumela ukuba ugcine izinga lokushisa ku-greenhouse at + 18 ° C.
Izinkinga ezikhulayo
Zonke izinkinga ezingase ziphakame ngesikhathi kutshalwa i-Brunfelsia, kungenxa yokuphulwa kwemithetho yokunakekela okungajwayelekile, noma ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo, nakuba kungadingekile ukukhipha ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi imbali ibonakaliswe yizinambuzane. Ezinye ukwephulwa komthelela kuthinta izimbali zomuthi, kodwa kaningi kuqhuma futhi kumile. Cabanga ngezinkinga ezivame kakhulu.
Kungani ungaqhakazi
Ngokuvamile, izimbali zeBrffelsia zingabonwa yonke intwasahlobo: kusukela ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi (ngezinye izikhathi kuqhubeka kuze kube sekuqaleni kukaJuni). Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo lokhu akukwenzeki, ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlotshiswa kwesitshalo kunciphise kakhulu. Izizathu zalesi simo ziningi:
- I-nitrogen ngokweqile ku-substrate - kuyilapho ubukhulu obuhlaza kuphela buthuthukiswa kahle. Ukuqeda inkinga, ubuyekeze imodi yokugqoka bese uphatha izakhi eziqukethe i-nitrogen enezakhi zomsoco we-potassium-phosphorus.
- Ukungabi nesikhathi sokuphumula esibikiwe emakhazeni - Ukuze izimbali zemvelo ziqale ekupheleni kwebusika, lesi sitshalo kufanele sibe ngaphezu kwamazinga okushisa okunciphise kanye nokuchelela okulinganiselwe. Ngokuqala kwenkathi ezayo ebandayo, zama ukulandela zonke izincomo mayelana nobusika bembali.
- Ukuba khona kwezifo ezithile kanye nezinambuzane - isibonelo, izimpande zokubola azibandakanyi nentuthuko esebenzayo yengxenye yendawo. Hlola isitshalo ngokucophelela bese uzama ukuthola ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ukuze usebenzise ukulungiswa okudingekayo ukwelashwa kwembali.
- Amanzi ase-substrate noma amazinga okushisa aphansi ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza - uma kwakhiwa ama-ovari wezimbali, kodwa maduzane aqhekeke ngokuphelele, mhlawumbe ngenxa yezimo zokushisa ezingafanele. Hlola isimo somhlabathi nesistimu ngokwayo - ungadinga ukushiya isitshalo izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokuwisela noma ukuwufaka kwenye inhlabathi.
Funda ngamakhambi angu-11 abantu abondla izitshalo zasendlini.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izifo zalesi sitshalo akuzona ezicasulayo njengoba izinambuzane, ngenxa yalokho, zivela ezikhungweni, umlimi angabhekana kuphela nezimpande nokubola, okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nomsebenzi wezilokazane ezinambuzane. Okuvamile kakhulu okulandelayo:
- Isibungu se-spider Ungabona ukutholakala kwayo kubhulogi lobuciko endaweni ye-internodes, amaqabunga ahambayo awela phansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ubheka phansi kwamashidi noma ubuso bomuthi, ungase ubone ukuthi inambuzane ngokwayo ingombala omnyama. Ekulweni nalo, izixazululo zesobho zivame ukusetshenziswa (amaqabunga ahlanjululwa nabo), zandisa umswakama ekamelweni nesitshalo bese zifakela ngamalungiselelo okubulala izinambuzane (isibonelo, "Aktellik").Ngokuqondene namakhemikhali, angasetshenziswa kuphela ngemva kokusakazwa kwe-brunfelsii.
- I-Mealybug Lezi zinambuzane ezincane ezimhlophe zibonakala emehlweni, ngoba abantu abaningi bavame ukubuthana endaweni ye-internodes. Lezi zinambuzane ziphuza ijusi kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo, ngenxa yokuthi imbali yasendlini ifaka ngokushesha. Uma kunomonakalo okhethekile, amaqabunga amaqabunga nesitshalo sesitshalo angasuswa ngesisombululo sotshwala, kepha ngesikhathi sokusatshalaliswa komuntu oyedwa kuzodingeka asebenze ekuqhutshekeni kwe-emulsion karbofos.
- Shchitovki. Kulesi simo, ngaphansi kwamaqabunga kukhona ama-flaps abonakalayo abonakalayo, afihla inkathazo encane yokuncelisa. I-fungus emnyama yenza ngokushesha ekusithekeni kwayo, okubonakala ngokucacile kusuka ngaphandle. Endabeni yokulwa nezinambuzane, izilingo zomuntu zisetshenziselwa (isibonelo, ukukhipha amazambane amazambane) noma amalungiselelo ezinambuzane ezivele zivivinywa ngesikhathi.
- Aphid - uma ikhona, amaqabunga amancane namafihlekile ahamba ngokushesha, futhi amachashazi amancane angabonakala ebusweni bamaqabunga (ukukhishwa kwamasayithi nama-proboscis). Ukususa ama-aphid ezitshalweni kuzosiza izidakamizwa "Aktara", "Spark" noma "Confidor".
Kubalulekile ukuqala ukulawula izinambuzane ngokushesha emva kokubona kwabo, ngoba zonke izinsuku izinambuzane ziba njalo, futhi kuzoba nzima ukuziqeda kunasezinyathelo zokuqala zomsebenzi wazo.Ngokunakekelwa ngokuhlelekile nokuhambisana nazo zonke izidingo zokutshala, kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo kwezimo ezikhulayo, akufanele kube nezinkinga zokuhlakulela i-Brunfelsia ekhaya. Izimfanelo zokuhlobisa zesitshalo enempilo zihlale ziphezulu, okuyizindaba ezinhle kunoma yimuphi umlimi.
