I-apula enomsoco I-Golden Delicious weza kithi evela kude ENyakatho Melikalapho abalimi bezitshalo bekhulile i-apula yesihlahla esingakaziwa.
Ama-apula aphuzi aphuzi atholakala yizinkuni eziningi. Manje, ngaphandle kwalolu hlobo, kunzima ukucabanga ngesitolo sesitolo somnyango wesitolo.
Ukuthokozisa kwegolide kwakufanele kunambitheke futhi ezindaweni zethu kanye nomnyaka wonke kujabulisa abantu "igolide" ama-apula.
Uhlobo luni?
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Golden Delicious treatments kuze kubonakale ebusika ngama-apula.
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kunomphumela omuhle ohlukile - isitoreji eside ama-apula.
Lokhu kugcina zonke izakhiwo zangaphandle nezokunambitheka zezithelo.
Ngakho-ke, le apula ingathengwa unyaka wonke, ngisho nasehlobo, lapho isivuno esisha sisanda kuvuthwa.
Izinhlobo zasebusika zihlanganisa ne-Belarussian Crimson, Bratchud, Bolotovsky, Aport no-Aphrodite.
Incazelo izinhlobo Golden Delicious
Cabanga ngokwehlukana ukubonakala kwe-apula nesithelo ngokwayo.
Ukuphakama komuthi kufinyelela ubukhulu obuphakathi. I-trunk ye-apula ihlanganiswe ne-bark eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Umqhele womuthi ngokwawo udwetshwe ngombala oluhlaza obumnyama futhi unomumo owukhamera okhumbuza abalimi abaningi semblance of pyramid.
Apple umqhele obukhulu futhi obunamagatsha. Kusukela ezihlukahlukene yi-Golden Delicious kakhuluke eminyakeni edlule umqhele wesitshalo uba ukuma okukhamulukayo nesimo esiphezulu.
Amaqabunga e-Apple anombala obomvu okhanyayo anama-oval. Emagqabeni ngokwawo kukhona imivimbo emnyama ebonakalayo. Ubuso bamaqabunga "isibuko", ngisho ukugqabisa, futhi emaphethelweni aphikisiwe.
Ama-inflorescences wesayizi encane, njenge-saucer, anombala omhlophe oxutshwe nemifudlana emifino.
Izithelo zaloluhlobo lwe-apula ziyingayizi ephakathi, abe okuzungezileezindaweni isimo somqondo.
Ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo sesithelo esisodwa 150-200 amagremu.
I-apula ngokwayo ihlanganiswe nesikhumba esinyene, esomile somthunzi ophuzi okwesibhakabhaka segolide noma okhanyayo, obala lapho kubonakala khona ukukhanya okumnyama noma okubomvu okukhanyayo.
Izithelo zikhona ngakwesokunene imiqhele ingathengwa kancane obomvu.
Imbewu yezithelo yincani encane. Inyama ye-apula iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, enamanzi futhi enomnandi kuya kunambitha.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo nazo zingaziqhayisa ngezithelo zamanzi nezihlwabusayo: iphayona lase-Orlovsky, i-Ekranny, i-Bolshoy Narodnoe, i-Orlinka ne-Aromatny.
Umlando wokuzala
Hlunga i-Golden ivulwe ngo-1890 eNyakatho Melika. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwelinye lamazwe, umbelethi waseMelika ovela esitokisini esingaziwa wakhula i-apula, ehluke ekuzaleni nasekutheni ukunambitheka kwamanye ama-apula.
Abalimi bezingakwazi ukuthola okwanele kuzo zonke izimfanelo ezinhle zalezi zihlukahlukene futhi baqala ukukhula ngokumangalisayo, futhi ukunambitheka kwezithelo ushukela lokhu okuhlukahlukene kunegama layo "igolide nehle kakhulu."
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-Golden Delicious yaziwa kokubili eYurophu naseRussia. Futhi njengomunye, abalimi bayamthanda. isivuno esikhulu kanye nokuphikiswa kwezifo.
Ukuphikiswa kwezifo kuboniswa ngu-Oryol Polesye, uCinnamon Novy, Pavlusha no-Altai Ruddy.
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo
Ukungalungi okuncane kulezi zihlukahlukene kungukuthi ukumelana okuphansi emazingeni okushisa aphansi, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, isifunda sayo esanda ukukhula siseningizimu.
Lezi zihlukahlukene ziyakhula ngokugcwele ezindaweni eziseningizimu zaseRussia.
Ukulungiswa kwezinye izifunda kuyahamba kahle, kepha abalimi abakwazi ukuhlala njalo bancike ekuvuneni okukhulu.
Njengomthetho, isivuno sincane, futhi izithelo ngokwazo zilahlekelwa yi-juiciness yazo.
Izihlahla ze-Apple zitshalwe kuwo izikhukhula eziphezulubahlushwa isifo esifana nalokhu i-powdery isikhutha.
Ukuthela
I-Golden Delicious inesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesithelo esijwayelekile. Ukutshala kuvuna kanye ngonyaka. Ukuqoqwa kwenani le-Peak kubalwe ekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
Izithelo zokuqala Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinikeza kakade ngonyaka wesibili wokufika. Umthamo ovela esihlahleni esisodwa ufinyelela 65 kilogramfuthi ezindaweni ezivundile ziyifinyelela 80 kilogram.
Eminyakeni engu-7 yokuqala yokukhula, umuthi uveza izithelo eziningi., bese uzala kuncike ngesimo sezulu nesimo sezulu. Lapho uneminyaka eyishumi ubudala, isivuno esivamile Ama-quintals angu-230 ngehektare.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko:
- Ukukhishwa okuphezulu;
- Ukumelana nokugcina;
- Ukuvuna izithelo zakuqala;
- Ukuthutha okuphezulu.
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-apula nazo ziyakwazi ukujabulisa izinhlobo ezinjalo: I-Veteran, Kuibyshev, Ubumnandi beBusika, iMarat Busurin noKandil Orlovsky.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Uma utshala noma yikuphi umuthi wesithelo, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinto ezinjengesikhathi nendawo efanele. Lesi yisiqinisekiso sokuthi umuthi wakho we-apula uzothela izithelo kahle futhi uzokujabulela ngezithelo zawo.
Idlala indima ebalulekile futhi Ukulungiselela ukutshala kokutshala Buka le vidiyo.
Kunconywa izinhlobo zezinhlamvu zegolide zokutshala. isitoreji esincane semifino ngokusho kwe-4 × 4 m scheme
Ngaphambi kokutshala, umgadi wensimu kumele alinganise levelwater level, njengoba isivuno sincike ekuthuthukiseni izimpande zomuthi.
Lokhu kunhlobonhlobo kunconywa ukutshala ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba 2, amamitha amahlanu.
Ezindaweni eziseningizimu ukufika kuqhutshwa ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, futhi ku enyakatho qala ukufika phakathi April.
Ubukhulu bomgodi wezithombo kufanele kube 100x100x80 cm
Umgodi unconywa ukuthi ulungiselele cishe inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokutshalaukuze inhlabathi ehlwanyelwe inesikhathi sokuxazulula.
Umhlaba othungwe umanyolo superphosphate, umlotha kanye ne-potassium.
Uma umgadi wensimu elungisa umgodi ngokuqondile Ngaphambi kokutshala, umanyolo akufanele usetshenziswe!
Kunconyiwe engeza izendlalelo inhlabathi ehlwanyelwe ifakwe enhlabathini evuliwe.
Ngemuva kokufika kufanele udlule uthele amanzi amaningi futhi, uma kunesidingo, uthele inhlabathi.
Izihlahla ze-apula ezincane lokhu kuhlukahluka okungafani nezihlahla ze-apula ezivuthiwe badinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Eminyakeni emibili yokuqala kuyadingeka ukuba njalo amanzi futhi ususe ukhula.
Ukunisela kunconywa okungenani kanye ngenyanga. Ezimweni ezomile, imvamisa yokunisela ingaba ngezikhathi ezimbili ngenyanga ukuchelela masonto onke ngomhlabathi. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kuya ezweni umhlaba awukwazi!
Izihlahla ze-apula ezincane ngoba isikhathi sasebusika siyadingeka ukugoqa amagatsha ase-spruce. Umqhele wegolide odinga udinga olukhethekile.
Kudingeka unqume amagatsha akhula kakhulufuthi Amagatsha aqondile angasuswa. Kubalulekile ukusika amagatsha omnyaka odlule.
Umlimi wensimu kumele aqinisekise ukuthi ngokuvuthwa komuthi we-apula uqobo, umqhele uzothola isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ngonyaka wokuqala i-apula izimbali kufanele athathe izimbaliukuze ungadli umuthi ngezithelo.
Umuthi we-apula omncane eminyakeni emibili yokuqala yokuphila kuyadingeka ukuba ubophe emgodini. Futhi, yiqiniso, ungakhohlwa ngokudla umuthi.
Ekuseni kwentwasahlobo, ukudla okungcono kakhulu kuyoba Isixazululo se-urea, kodwa ama-fertilizer ehlobo afanelekile, azofaka phakathi i-sodiumisibonelo I-humidium humate. Isihlahla somuthi kumele siphathwe izifo nezinambuzane ezingadingeki.
Izinhlobonhlobo zegolide ezijabulisayo idinga impova ngoba ayiyinyumba.
I-pollinator engcono kakhulu kulezi zihlukahlukene yilezi: I-Melrose, uJonathan, i-Delishes ne-Kuban i-Spur, i-Idared.
Lezi zinambuzane zihlongozwa kahle irediyo yamamitha angu-500 kusuka ku-Golden delishes.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-Golden Delicious ijwayele izifo ezifana isikhumba, i-powdery isikhutha. Futhi lezi zihlukahlukene zihlukile ukumelana okuphansi nesomiso kanye namaqhwa amakhulu.
Izinambuzane eziyinhloko ama-leafworm, i-aphid eluhlaza, i-apple mite, i-aple flower beetle.
- Ukulwa i-powdery isikhutha umuthi uchithelwa ngokulungiswa okufana I-Topaz. Ngemuva kwezimbali, umuthi uphathwa nge-chloride yethusi;
Ukulwa isikhumba i-apula isihlungiwe Isixazululo se-topaz ne-colloidal sulfur;- Ukuvikela ngokumelene nohlaza ama-aphid sebenzisa isixazululo Malathion;
- Kuya i-apple mite ungaphazamisi "ukuphila" komuthi we-apula kuyadingeka ukuqeda igxolo elidala bese uphefaza isixazululo se-karbofos;
- Ukulwa i-leafworm qala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo bese uphefa izinkuni ngodaka 3% i-nitrofen.
Ukulwa isikhumba i-apula isihlungiwe Isixazululo se-topaz ne-colloidal sulfur;Ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezizosiza ekuhambeni kwenundu, isitshalo sesithelo, ama-silkworms, haws kanye ne-moth yezimayini, bheka izihloko ezihlukene kwiwebsite yethu.
Njengoba usujwayelene kakhulu nokuthokozisa kwegolide futhi ufunde zonke izinhlobo ze-nuances zokutshala nokuzinakekela lezi zinhlobonhlobo, awukwazi ukwesaba ukuthi ungumlimi we-apula wegolide futhi omuhle kunayo yonke imiqondo, okuyojabulisa umnikazi ngephunga layo kanye nokunambitheka kwamanzi.
