Uma usalindele uhlobo olufanele lwezotamatisi kuwe, ngakho-ke yiyo yonke indlela unake ulwazi oluthile olusuka ososayensi baseSiberia - i-hybrid yonkana ethi "Ukuziqhenya kweSiberia".
Lokhu kuhle kulabo balimi abahlose ukukhula utamatisi ku-greenhouse. Uhlobo lwezinhlobo kanye nokumnakekela luzocabangela kulesi sihloko.
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Ukuziqhenya kweSiberia kuyinto shtambov shrub esinqunyiwe. Lesi sitshalo asikho esikhulu kakhulu, ubude sikhula sibe ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.5. Amasiko aklanyelwe ukutshala ikakhulukazi ezweni elivikelwe (okungukuthi, endaweni yokushisa). Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esihle, kungenzeka ukuba uhlale endaweni evulekile.
Isici esihlukile sezinhlobonhlobo ezicatshangwayo kukhulu-fruited. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amajikijolo ahlukaniswa nezimfanelo eziphezulu.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo eziyinhloko zalolu hlobo, abalimi bayabika:
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala;
- ukuvumela okukhulu;
- izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zezitshalo, kufaka phakathi ukunambitheka okumnandi kwesithelo;
- ukuphikiswa kwesifo;
- ukufaneleka kokuthutha, isitoreji.
Zijwayele ukuzilimaza ngezinhlobo ezinjalo ze-utamatisi njenge-"Anwar", "i-Golden Stream", "i-Red Banana", "i-Nastya", "i-Crimson Giant", "i-Klusha", i- "Rio Fuego", "i-Riddle", i- "Stolypin", i- " "I-Sanka", "Ngokusobala-engabonakali", "Lazyka", "Bobkat", "Isiqalo", "Isimangaliso se-Balcony", "Chio-Chio-San".
Naphezu kwezinzuzo eziningana, i-hybrid inezinselele zayo. Lesi sitshalo sinamagatsha abuthakathaka, asikwazi ukulwa nesisindo sezithelo, ngokuvamile siwaphula noma siwa phansi, futhi utamatisi ubola ukuxhumana nomhlabathi. Ukuze ugweme ukudiliza isihlahla, kufanele uchithe isikhathi esiningi uhlanganisa iziqu noma wenze izinsiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, utamatisi omkhulu onjalo ngeke akwazi ukukhipha noma ukupheka. 
Izithelo nezivuno
"Ukuziqhenya kweSiberia" kuwuhlobo oluvuthiwe oluvuthiwe, izithelo zokuqala zingasuswa cishe ezinsukwini ezingu-85-110 ngemuva kokuhluma emhlabathini. Ngomitha owodwa wemitha ungathola ama-kilogram angu-20 amajikijolo. Iitamatisi ngokwazo zikhulu, ezilinganisa 750-900 g ngamunye.
Amanye amasampula angafinyelela kilogram. Utamatisi unambitha okhanyayo kodwa ovumelanisayo (omuhle ngokumuncu okukhanya). Utamatisi ovuthiwe ubujamo obunzima, obuthwetshiwe kancane kusuka phezulu, amasampula amakhulu kunawo wonke afana ne-ithanga. Utamatisi unamakhemikhali ayi-6-7.
Inyama iyiphunga futhi iyamanzi (into eyomile ku-utamatisi ingaba ngu-6%), isikhumba sinomdlandla, zidwetshwe ngombala obomvu okusajingijolo. Ngokuqondene nenhloso yezinhlobonhlobo, izithelo ziphelele ukusetshenziswa kokusetshenziswa okusha, njengezithako zeladidi kanye nalabo izitsha ezidinga utamatisi omusha.
Uyazi? I-tomato enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yatshalwe esimweni sase-US saseWisconsin. Ukulinganisa izithelo 2.9 amakhilogremu.Kusukela ezintweni ezihlukahlukene zeSiberia nazo zithola ijusi elihle noma i-pasta. Kodwa-ke, ukulungiswa kokudla kwasekhaya okusemathinini, akufanelekile ngenxa yezithelo ezinkulu.
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo
Akukho ukungafani okwehlukile ekuzalweni kwe-Pride yaseSiberia. Njengamanye utamatisi, lolu hlobo lukhulile ngezithombo.
Izithombo zekhwalithi eziphezulu zikhethwa kusuka kudatha yangaphandle:
- Izihlahla ezincane kumele ziphile (hhayi zaphela). Ukudayiswa kwezithombo kufanele kuhlanganiswe ezigubheni nge-substrate, hhayi emasakeni.
- Ubude behlathini akufanele kudlule u-30 cm. Hlola isitshalo ngasinye ukuze kube namaqabunga angama-8 eqiniso esihlahleni.
- Ubudala behlathi abufanele kudlule izinsuku ezingu-45-60.
- Iziqu kumele zibe zinyene, kanti izimpande zithuthukile futhi zingenakonakala.
- Wonke amaqabunga kufanele abe aluhlaza, kodwa akufanele abe ithoni egcwele kakhulu. Uma amaqabunga aluhlaza abuyele ngaphakathi, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kusetshenzisiwe indlela yokulima okusheshayo (izithombo zondliwa ngobuningi bamanyolo we-nitrogen).
- Hlola amaplastiki wephepha ukuze ube khona amaqanda ama-potato beetle ama-Colorado. Akufanele kube nanoma yiziphi izinkomba ezimnyama esiteshini. Amaqabunga aphikisiwe namaqabunga angabonisa ukunqotshwa kwezifo ezihlaselayo.
Izimo ezikhulayo
I-tomato yokukhethwa kweSiberia iyisitshalo se-thermophilic. Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu kwe-dilution kuyinto + 18-25 ° C. Ngaphezu kokushisa, izitshalo kudingeka zinikezwe ukukhanya okuhle. Ukukhula utamatisi ku-greenhouse kuvumela i-LED-saving fitolampy. Ngokuqondene nomswakama womoya, isibonakaliso esihle kunama-60-70%.
Utamatisi ukhetha inhlabathi evuthayo, evuthayo nesondlo. Izihlahla ziphendula kahle enhlabathini ecebile ku-nitrogen ne-potassium. Kuzoba usizo ukubulala amagciwane emhlabathini, ukuwufaka nge-potassium permanganate noma ikhambi le-copper sulfate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, utamatisi uthande inhlabathi encane enamakhemikhali: ukusabela okunethezeka ku-6.5-7.0 pH (ake sithi isibonakaliso sincane kakhulu).
Ukulungiselela imbewu nokutshala
Lungisa imbewu yokutshala ngaphambi kokuwaphatha ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate noma amanzi ashisayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, zihlume imbewu ngaphansi kwendwangu emanzini endaweni efudumele. Izithombo zezitamatisi zokushisa ziqala ukukhula ngasekupheleni kukaMashi.
Funda ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani isikhathi esanele sokutshala izithombo zamatamatisi, nendlela yokuhlwanyela nokutshala imbewu yezithola.
Ngalesi sikhathi imbewu kufanele ihlwanyelwe emhlabathini. Zisakaze phansi emkhatsini wamasentimitha amabili bese ufafaza nge-substrate eyomile. Okulandelayo, uthele inhlabathi ngamanzi afudumele. Vala isitsha ngefilimu nesitolo endaweni efudumele (+ 24-26 ° C) futhi uvikeleke endaweni yelanga.
Ividiyo: Ukulungiselela imbewu ye-utamatisi yokutshala Lapho kufika amahlumela okuqala, susa indawo yokukhosela. Phakamisa izithombo etafuleni, uhlinzeke ngokukhanya, umswakama nokushisa (+ 20-24 ° C). Lapho utamatisi ekhula emaqabini amabili weqiniso, utshala izitshalo ezikhunjini ezilodwa. Uma u-transplanting, ungakhohlwa ukudonsa izithombo: ngakho uhlelo lwempande luzolungiselela ukufakelwa okuzayo ku-greenhouse, izihlahla zizokhuni futhi zibe namandla.
Izitshalo ezithintekayo kumele zikhule. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kungcono ukusebenzisa ukudla okukhethekile okuyinkimbinkimbi, okubandakanya izithombo zomtamatisi ezidingekayo zezinto ezilandelanayo.
Lapho izithombo ziyoba izinsuku ezingu-40-45, qala ukuzinzima. Dlulisa izimbiza kuqala eduze kwamafasitela avulekile, bese ufaka emkhathini noma ungene emgwaqweni. Isikhathi esinzima kufanele sanda kancane kancane - utamatisi kufanele uvumelane ngokushesha nesimo sezulu sokushisa.
Kubalulekile! Ukutshala isithombo, ukushisa kufanele kulungiswe kusengaphambili: esikhundleni sezingqimba eziphezulu zenhlabathi, ugeze izindonga nazo zonke izakhiwo ezine-disinfectant. Ukukhipha umoya kuyisigaba esibalulekile sokugcina ukulungiselela ukushisa.
Esikhathini sesigaba 6-7 samagqabi ungakwazi ukufakelwa izithombo endaweni enomphela. Izihlahla ezikhethwa ngokuhle zitshalwe emigqeni. Njengoba unikezwe ngezinhlobo ezinkulu zaseSiberia, akufanele ubeke ngaphezulu kwezinhlanu ezihlahleni ezilinganayo ngamamitha ayizikwele zombhede. Izimbobo kumele zibe zijulile ukuze i-rhizome ikwazi ukuvumelanisa ngokukhululekile lapho. 
Isihlahla esivela embizeni sifinyelele kahle, sisekela impande ngezandla zomhlaba. Gweba izithombo emgodini kuze kufike isethi yokuqala yamacembe. Manje ungawugcwalisa nge-substrate bese ucindezela phansi ngesandla sakho. Emhlabeni wonke amahlathi enza ukucindezeleka okuncane kokunisela. Ngokushesha esiteji sokutshala izithombo eduze kwesihlahla ngasinye, faka isikhonkwane, lapho ukukhula kuyobopha khona isiqu.
Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa
Amaviki amabili okuqala awaphuli umhlabathi - izimpande azikakulungeli ukuthatha umswakama, ngoba lesi sitshalo sisebenzise wonke amandla awo ekuvumelaneni. Esikhathini esizayo, utamatisi wokuchelela wokuzalanisa eSiberia kuyadingeka kaningi futhi ngokuningi. Sebenzisa ukuchelela njalo amanzi afudumele.
Nisela amanzi izitshalo ekuseni (ngaphambi kokuba imisebe yelanga iqothule). Ungakhohlwa mayelana nokweqa: kubalulekile ukususa ukhula, njengoba kuthatha umswakama, isikhala kanye nezakhi ezivela ezitshalweni ezitshalwe.
Sincoma ukufunda mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukutshala utamatisi ngaphandle kokuchelela, nokuthi nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kangakanani futhi kaningi kangakanani amanzi utamatisi ensimini kanye ne-greenhouse.
Ukuze ulondoloze isitshalo eside, sebenzisa izikhonkwane, ubophe isiqu kubo cishe ubude obuyi-15 cm. Isihlahla kufanele sakhiwe ngokucacile: kuhle ukuba sikhule utamatisi waseSiberia ngomunye owodwa noma emibili, kungenjalo amajikijolo ayoba amancane kakhulu. 
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibonakaliso esilinganiselwe sokuvuna sizohlupheka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, wonke amahlumela asele kudingeka aphike aze akhule ngaphezu kuka-3 cm. Njalo qapha isimo sezitshalo bese ubopha amahlumela ashubile, izibhamu, izitshalo.
Okuphoqelelwe ekunakekeleni imibhede yezotamatisi kuyondla. Sebenzisa umanyolo obolile, ama-droppings noma i-mullein encibilika emanzini. Izakhiwo zamaminerali eziwusizo kakhulu. Esigabeni sokubunjwa kwezithelo, yondla izitshalo nge potassium ne-phosphorus - lokhu kuyoba nomthelela omuhle ekwalini nasekunambeni utamatisi.
Izifo nokuvimbela izinambuzane
Ukubuyekezwa kwebalimi mayelana ne "Ukuziqhenya kweSiberia" ikakhulukazi okuhle. Futhi nakuba i-hybrid eyaziwa ngokuphikiswa okukhulu kwezilokazane nezifo, kunezinkinga eziningana noma yimuphi umlimi angabhekana nazo.
Ukuze uvimbele ukubola nokulimala kwephuzile, kuhlelekile ukuthi kulungiswe ukushisa okushisayo. Ungavumeli ukunyuka kwemoya nokugcwala kwe-condensate ezindongeni zokushisa. Ngezinye izikhathi amajikijolo angaqedwa. Isizathu salokhu ukunisela okunzulu.
Kubalulekile! Ungalimi utamatisi eduze kwamazambane - lokhu kunciphisa ingozi ye-wireworms.
Ukuze uxazululwe lesi senzakalo esijabulisayo, kwanele ukunciphisa imvamisa yokunisela kanye nemali yamanzi asetshenzisiwe. Ochwepheshe bayeluleka ngaphezu kokudla izitshalo ngamanyolo, aqukethe i-saltpeter. Emabhokisini, isivakashi esivamile sokuziqhenya eSiberia yi-whitefly ejwayelekile. 
Qaphela ukuvimbela le-parasite eyingozi, usebenzisa ama-chemical agent, isibonelo, i- "Confidor": mix 1 ml wezidakamizwa ezinama-10 amalitha amanzi. Inqubo yokwakhiwa okukhipha utamatisi ayihlaza. Leli gumbi lanele ngamamitha ayizi-square eziyi-engadini.
Esihlahleni esivulwayo "Ukuziqhenya" kungahlasela ucingo. Ukuqeda izinambuzane eziye zavela, indlela elandelayo ephumelelayo yenziwa: ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala utamatisi, izicupho zenziwa ngendlela yamazambane amazambane angcwatshwe ngo-10 cm ngaphambi kokutshala utamatisi.
Kuzokusiza ukuba ufunde mayelana nendlela yokubhekana nezifo eziyingozi nezinambuzane zezamatamatisi.
I-larva ithokoza i-bait futhi iyaqhubeka nayo. Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3, uqoqe izicupho uphinde uzishise kanye nezinambuzane, emva kwalokho, uma kunesidingo, ungaphinda inqubo.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Utamatisi wokukhethwa eSiberia ukuvuthwa ekuqaleni. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amajikijolo avuthiwe lapho ephenduka obomvu futhi elula. Ukuvuna kuvame ukuwela ngoJulayi-Septemba. Ebusini lokushisa ehlobo, lapho ukushisa kungakunikezwa khona, utamatisi uqala ukuvuthwa phakathi no-July.
Ngenhloso yokugcina isikhathi eside, susa izithelo ezivela ehlathini kanye nesitembu. Ukuvuna kugcinwa kahle futhi kuhamba ngezithuthi ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kubalulekile ukugcina amajikijolo ekamelweni elomile, elimnyama nelipholile (emiphongolweni noma engaphansi). 
Hlela utamatisi ngamabhokisi enkuni noma eplastiki. Zama ukuphinda amajikijolo ukuze angathinti. Njengoba ubona, Ukuziqhenya kweSiberia kunezinzuzo eziningi.
Uyazi? Utamatisi okwesikhathi eside ayebhekwa njengakufanelekile ukusetshenziswa komuntu ngisho nangobuthi. Abalimi baseYurophu bawakhulisa njengezitshalo zokuhlobisa. AmaFulents ahlobisa indawo eyayiseduze ne-arbor ne-tomato ehlathini, kanti abaseBrithani babehlanganyela ekutshalweni kwabo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Ezincwadini zesiDashi zangekhulu le-XVI, lesi sitshalo sibhekwa njengesihlobiso semasimu ase-Antwerp.Ngisho nomhlali we-novice ehlobo uzokwazi ukubhekana nokutshalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezichazwe. Utamatisi uzokuthokozisa ngokuzithoba kwawo, isivuno esiningi futhi ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu.
