I-Pear ithatha kuphela 2% yazo zonke izihlahla zezithelo emasimini aseRussia ephakathi. Kubangelwa ubunzima bebusika obuphansi kanye nesidingo esikhulu sokushisa kunezihlahla ze-apula.
Futhi abaningi bacabanga ukuthi leli peyari liwumkhiqizo osindayo wesisu futhi benqabe ukutshala ngeziqephu zabo siqu. Nokho, lesi sithelo inezakhiwo eziwusizo futhi unake.
Into esemqoka ukukhetha ibanga elifanele. Ngokwesibonelo, ezihlukahlukene Vernaya kahle ukukhula ezimweni sezulu esifundeni Moscow futhi kuhle eRussia ephakathi.
Uhlobo luni?
Kubhekisela ku izinhlobo zekwindla amapheya futhi kuyoba kuhle ukuzizwa emadolobheni. Ngokusetshenziswa - ngoNovemba-Disemba. Manga lokho igcinwe ngokuphawulekayo esiqandisini. Kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa ngendlela eluhlaza futhi enhle yokucubungula.
Ngezimboni izinhlobo zamapheya nazo ziyizo: Bere Bosk, Thumbelina, Forest Beauty, Fairy Tale no Svarog.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
Lokhu kudalwa ngokuhlanganyela kwabasebenzi ababili be-All-Russian Breeding-Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery Yu.A. Petrov noN.V.Efimov. Kwenzeka ngo-1958, ngo-1998 ukuhlolwa kukazwelonke kwezihlukahlukene kwaqalwa, kanti lezi zinhlobonhlobo zafakwa kubhalisa kahulumeni ngo-2001. Basebenzisa ipeyari ngegama elihle uJoseph Mechelnskaya kanye ne-interspecific hybrid No. 3 (akuzwakala ukuthi akuthandani!) Njengemithombo yomthombo.
Incazelo izinhlobo izinhlobo pears Yiqiniso
Umuthi ungowokuphakathi. Umqhele unesilinganiso sobukhulu besimo esingenasici esicwebekile.
Amagatsha anokuvuthwa akhula cishe nge-angi 90 ° nge-compact arrangement.
Gwema amagxolo emagatsheni amakhulu kanye nesiqu esibomvu. Phakathi nenkathi yehlobo, ubude obujwayelekile bamahlumela abomvu obubomvu bufinyelelwa.
Inombolo enkulu kakhulu yokwakhiwa okukhethekile okuphakathi - ama-checheviches akhiwa kuwo engxenyeni yesikhombi. Amafihledi ashelelekayo aphakathi komzimba afana nomumo ohlangene ohlangene.
Amahlamvu anombala omnyama afana neqanda futhi abushelelezi ekuthinteni ngaphandle kokubamba izinwele, kodwa nge-venue enobudlova (nervation). Iphakanyiswe ukusika okuncane kwesayizi obuphakathi ngaphandle kokungabi nhlobo. Izimbali ezimhlophe ezinezinhlangothi eziyindilinga, nakuba zingamakhulu amancane, zinomsindo kakhulu.
Izithelo zakhiwa nge-kolchatka (uhlobo lwezinkuni zezithelo), zombili ezilula neziyinkimbinkimbi, ezivuthiwe (izithelo ezincane zezithelo), ngemikhonto (amagatsha ezithelo kuze kufike ku-15 cm) nasezikhwameni zezithelo (izingxenye ezinamahlumela). Ukuma kwesithelo, njengoba kufanele kube, kuyinto ephakathi kwe-slant kancane. Isisindo se-pear sifinyelela ku-150g. Isikhumba sesithelo somile, sibhebhezele futhi siphume.
Emfuseni kukhona amaphuzu amancane ombala ongaphansi ongaphansi. Umbala wesithelo uhlaza, kanti uma ukhula ngokugcwele u-tint ophuzi uyanezelwa. I-peduncle ingokwesigaba se-thick and oblique. Umcibisholo omncane kakhulu usuke ungabikho, ube nesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi sokuma. Ukuthola i-saucer encane, ebanzi nebushelelezi, le peyari inenhlamvu encane evulekile.
Amakamelo embewu avaliwe usayizi ophakathi. Inhliziyo efanayo efanayo yesimo se-elliptical. Izinkomba zobude nobubanzi bhubhu eliphansi liphinde libe nomumo olingene ophakathi. Insimu ephakathi kokulinganisa enombala inombala omnyama obomvu.
I-pulp elimuncu-elimnandi lomthunzi ophakathi kwamakhamera ungowesithelo ngokuthungwa okuhle. Iphakathi kwamanzi anamakha namafutha, nakuba kukhona imibono mayelana nephunga elimnyama lalezi ezihlukahlukene.
Ukubukeka kubalwa ngamaphuzu angu-4.2, futhi ukunambitheka - 4.5. Kodwa abanye bayakwazisa ukunambitheka kuphela 3.
Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali ushukela - 10.1%, ama-acids - 0.15%.
Izinhlobo eziphakathi kwamapheya ezilandelayo zijabulela kakhulu: Kupava, Krasulya, Lada, Dekabrinka noRossoshanskaya Dessert.
Isithombe
Esithombeni esingezansi ungathola ukuthi ujwayele ukuhlukahluka nge-pear "Vernaya":
Izici
Ubusika obuqinile (imelana nokukhanda kuya ku- -2˚), skoroplodny, self-fertile nokuphakama okukhulu.
Kukhona ulwazi oluvela emthini owodwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuqoqa kuze kube ngamakhilogremu angu-40 amapareya. Izithelo eziphakathi amathani angama-30 ehektheleni ngalinye.
Esikhathini sesifunda saseMoscow sevuthwe engxenyeni yesibili kaSeptemba kanye nengxenye yokuqala ka-Okthoba. Ukwandiswa kwe-fetus kwenzeka kakhulu kakhulu ngoSepthemba.
Izitshalo emva kokutshala qala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesithathu noma wesine.
Futhi uma imibono ihlukaniswe ngokuphathelene nokunambitheka, ke, njenge-generator skeleton, wayakwazisa kakhulu.
Okusetshenziswe ngokuphawulekayo ekwenzeni ama-compotes, amakhemikhali, ama-jams, ama-marmalades, izithelo ezifakiwe kanye newayini.
Izinhlobo ze-frost-resistant nazo zihlanganisa: Bere Russkaya, Lel, Muscovite, Perun noSvarog.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Awufaki izidingo ezikhethekile emhlabathini, kodwa uyozizwa kangcono emanzini okutshala futhi avundile. Ukuthungwa komswakama le peyari kubekezelela kahle.
Izitshalo zidinga ukunakwa okujwayelekile:
- ukuchelela;
- ukunquma;
- ukukhululeka komhlaba emjikelezweni wesondo;
- ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane;
- ukuvuselelwa komqhele.
Indawo yokufika ifuna ukukhethwa ingahlanganiswa. I-collar yezimpande ayingcwatshwe. Yize lokhu kuyimvelo ekhulayo, kungaba kuhle ukwandisa izivuno, ngakho-ke kunezihlahla eziningi eziphakathi kwendawo.
Emgodini wokutshala izithombo kufanele kufakwe Umanyolo ongakhetha kuwo:
- i-humus;
- 80 g we-ammonium nitrate;
- 1 kg ye-superphosphate;
- 800 g umlotha wokhuni;
- 150 g we-sulfuric acid potassium.
Ukunisela kunconywa izikhathi 4-5 ngenyanga. Ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi lanele umuthi omdala ekuseni futhi okuningi kusihlwa. Nokho, ukuchelela kudinga ukulungiswa, kugxile esimweni sezulu. Ngesikhathi sokutshala imbali efihlekile futhi phakathi nesikhathi se-fruiting, ukuchelela kumele kunikelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile.
Izihlahla zezihlahla ezincane ebusika zingahlanganiswa ngezinto ezivikelayo (izintambo ze-nylon panty holes zifanelekile).
Bayiqede leli peari ngaphezu kwesihlahla sama-apula. Lo mcimbi kufanele uqhutshwe njalo ngonyaka entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuhluma kwefihlekile. Watshala isithombo sembewu esisikiwe esithathu.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ukuhlukahluka kubhekwa isikhumba esingagxili. Izihlahla zemithi encane zidinga ukuvikelwa kusuka kumagundane.
Izenzo zokuvikelwa kwezihlahla eziphakathi kwamapheya kumele zenziwe kusukela entwasahlobo kuze kufike ekwindla sekwephuzile:
- i-biological;
- i-agrotechnical;
- amakhemikhali;
- physicomechanical.
Kuyokuqala kusebenza application umquba eziphilayoIsibonelo, umquba. Futhi ukulwa nezifo nokusetshenziswa kwezitho zomzimba we-herbal.
Isibonelo, ukuphatha isitshalo esinesifo. i-powdery isikhuthaUkusetshenziswa kwe-tincture rot hay.
Izinyathelo ze-Agronomic zikhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo. Lona indawo efanele yokutshala, ukusika okwesikhashana nokulungile kwamagatsha angadingekile nokugula, ukulungiselela kokutshala izinto ngaleso sikhathi.
Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane nezifo kusekelwe ekufuthweni kwezihlahla ngamakhemikhali afanelekile. Lezi zinto zamakhemikhali zingenziwa ngenhloso yokuvimbela kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesihlahla.
Ukuphikiswa kwezifo ezahlukene zezifo kukhona uHera, Dekabrinka, uCarmen, uLarinska noRogneda.
Ngaphansi kwezinyathelo ze-physico-mechanical kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto zokutshala kanye nenhlabathi ngokuphathwa kokshisa. Ukuvutha amagatsha aphethwe yizithelo ezinomzimba.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle zamapheya, njenge-apula, azikho. Ngamunye unenzuzo yakhe siqu.
I-autumn ibanga eliphakathi kweqiniso elikhona izinzuzo eziseduze: skoroplodnost, hardiness ebusika kanye nokudla okungenzeka ngoDisemba nangemva kwalokho ngokugcina kahle.
Lezi yizici ezinhle ezithonya ukukhetha lezi zihlukahlukene zokutshala kusayithi, ngoba azikho izinhlobo eziningi kangaka ezinemfanelo enjalo.
