Umkhiqizi ngamunye ngokuthuthumela futhi ujabule ulinde isikhathi lapho ipulazi lizogcwalisa khona. Ukukholisa inkomo kuyinkathi ebalulekile futhi ebalulekile, okufanele kulungiswe kusengaphambili. Ukuqwashisa ngokunakekelwa, ukudla kanye nezinkinga ezingase kube khona kuzosiza ukugwema amaphutha amaningi ekwelapheni isilwane kanye nethole elitsha.
Izinkabi zihamba ngezinsuku ezingakanani ukuya ku-calving
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi ukukhulelwa kwesifazane isikhathi eside kangakanani. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukubala ngokufanele ukuqala kwesikhathi esomile bese ulungisa isilwane ukuze kuzalwe ithole.
Kulungile
Isikhathi sokuthwala ithole sincike ezimeni zokunakekelwa kwezinkomo, kanye nezakhi zofuzo. Izinkomo, njengabantu, ngokwesilinganiso, zithwala isithelo sezinyanga ezingu-9. Abalimi abaningi bemfuyo bathatha isikhathi sezinsuku ezingu-283-285.
Uyazi? Ukwakheka ilitha elilodwa lobisi ngokusebenzisa umbele kufanele kudlule cishe amalitha angu-400 egazi. Okusho ukuthi, ukuthola amalitha angama-20 obisi nsuku zonke ngesibalo semfuyo kufanele kube ngamalitha ayisishiyagalombili egazi!
Kungakanani okungase kuhambe
Igama elingenhla lilinganiselwe kakhulu, futhi ukubeletha kungenzeka kokubili ngaphambi nangemva kwedethi ebekiwe. Isibonelo, ngokunakekelwa okungafanele, ithole lokudla elingalungile lingase lizalwe ekuqaleni kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kanye namasonto (kuze kube inyanga). Ngokufanayo, inkomo ingaba nezithelo. Njengoba kunikezwe lezi zici, ukukhulelwa kwenkomo kungafanelana nezinsuku ezingu-240-311. 
Ikhalenda yokuxoshwa kwezinkomo ngosuku lokusekela: ithebula
Uma ukudluliselwa kwenziwa okwenziwe ngendlela efanele, khona-ke kuyoba lula ukubala usuku oluqondile lokuqamba, ukwazi usuku oluqondile lokuqothula. Ungasebenzisa ifomula elandelayo: D = H + 10 / №-3.
Thola ukuthi zingaki izinsuku ukukhulelwa kwenkomo kuqhubeka.
Incazelo yale fomula:
- D - usuku olulinganiselwe lokuxilisa;
- H - usuku lokuqothula;
- № - inani lenyanga yokuqothula.
Isibonelo, ukusekwa kwe-insemination kwakungu-Julayi 8 (Julayi 8). Umphumela uwukuthi: 8 + 10 / 7-3 = 18/4, okungukuthi, kuthiwa i-calving izokwenzeka ngo-Ephreli 18. Uma, ngokungeza izinsuku, isibalo singaphezu kuka-30, kubalulekile ukususa 30 kuso, bese ufaka +1 enyangeni. Isibonelo, ukususwa kwe-insemination kwenzeka ngoJanuwari 29.
Umphumela uwukuthi: 29 + 10-30 / 1-3 + 1 = 9/11, okungukuthi, i-calving izokwenzeka ngo-November 9. Ukuze ungadideki ngezibalo zezibalo kanye nekhalenda, abalimi bemfuyo bakhetha ukusebenzisa ithebula elilula lokukhulelwa: 
Indlela yokuqhuba inkomo ngaphambi kokukhipha
Ukugijima inkomo kusho ukusungula ngesikhathi somile - okungukuthi, ukuyeka ukubamba ukuze uqinise futhi ulungise umzimba wesilwane ukuze uhlaziye futhi ulame. Kunconywa ukuba uqale ukuqaliswa kwezinsuku ezingu-40-60 ngokwesilinganiso, kodwa kubantu abakhiqiza kakhulu kanye nezilwane ezibeletha okokuqala, ukuqaliswa kungaqala ezinsukwini ezingu-70.
Ukwethula inkomo ngesikhathi somile, udinga ukulandela lezi zincomo:
- kancane kancane uyeke ukumbamba: khipha okokuqala ukukhipha imfuyo, unganiki ubisi kuze kube sekugcineni, ungawufihli umdanso ukuze uvuse ubisi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-5 ngemuva kokuyeka ukubamba, umbele kufanele "wehle" - wehla ngevolumu;
- ukunciphisa inani lokudla okunomsoco ekudleni, kanye ne-hay, amanzi nophuzo oludakayo;
- uma usebenza ehlobo, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukufuywa kweenkomo kudlelo kuze kube amahora angu-4, kanti kwezinye izimo zimise ngokuphelele.
Kubalulekile! Izilwane ezikhiqizayo kakhulu zingathatha amasonto angu-2-3 ukuyeka ukukhiqizwa ubisi. Kodwa uma isilwane singaqali ngisho nangemva kwalesi sikhathi, ukuqaliswa okuphoqelelwe kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa amalungiselelo akhethekile.Uma ukukhiqizwa kwesilwane ngaphambi kokuba kuqale kungakapheli ama-3-5 amalitha, kungenzeka ukuthi uyeke ukumisa ngokuvumelana nalolu hlelo izinsuku ezingu-7:
- Usuku olulunye - ukubamba izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku;
- Ukukhishwa kwamalanga amabili - ekuseni;
- Ukukhishwa kwamalanga amathathu - ekuseni;
- Usuku lwangama-4 - kusihlwa;
- Usuku lwama-5 - kusihlwa;
- Ukukhishwa kwelanga lesithupha ekuseni;
- Usuku lwama-7 - kusihlwa kusihlwa.
Izimpawu (izibikezelo) zokuzalwa kwenkomo
Izinguquko zokuqala ekubukeni nasekuziphatheni kwesithokazi zingabonakala amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuzalwa:
- isisindo somzimba esiwehlayo;
- wehlisa sacrum;
- imisipha ekhululekile nemigqa ngaphansi komsila;
- ukuvuvukala nokubomvu kwezitho zangasese zangaphandle;
- ngaphambi kokuba ukhula lwe-shrunken luvule futhi lugcwele i-colostrum;
- Imfihlo yokuhlukumeza ngokobulili inokuvumelana okuncane;
- ukuhlukaniswa ngokobulili kubonakalisiwe.
Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokubeletha, ukuziphatha kwezinkomo kungashintsha: kuba yinto engapheli, ingahlala ikhuphuka futhi ilale phansi, isuka ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kwesinye, ingaba lapho, ibheke nxazonke noma igweme abantu lapho sisondela.
Sikukwazisa ukuba ujwayele amaqiniso ayishumi ayishumi nambili athakazelisayo mayelana nezinkomo.Uma isilwane sidla umhlambi omkhulu, singase sizame ukuthatha umhlalaphansi, silwe nazo zonke izinkomo, siye endaweni eyimfihlo ngaphansi kwe-underbrush. Ngosuku lokukholisa, ungabona ukuthi amathambo esifuba esilwane aqala ukuhlukanisa, akhulule isikhala sokuba umntwana aphume. Uma ibanga eliphakathi kwamathambo likhulu kunesandla sandla sakho, kubalulekile ukulungiselela ukwamukelwa kwemisebenzi evela kwenkomo.
Ividiyo: izandulela zokuzalwa kwenkomo
Ungayithatha kanjani inkomo
Ukuze uzalwe ithole, udinga ukulungisa kokubili ikamelo kanye nenkomo ngokwayo:
- I-Netel kufanele ibekwe eceleni kwezinye izinkomo, endaweni ehlanzekile, yangasese ekhukhunjisiwe, eyomile futhi efudumele.
- Emibhedeni emisha, egqokile, udinga ukubeka ungqimba olusha lwendwangu noma indwangu ebanzi, ehlanzekile.
- Ama-genitals, imilenze yangemuva yesilwane kufanele ihlanjwe ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate noma i-creolin 2%.
Kuloluhlelo olulula luphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkomo zizama kanzima, esimweni esijwayelekile sokubeletha, ithole lizalwa ngesigamu sehora - ihora. Kule nkinga, inkomo ingahlala noma ihlale eceleni kwayo.
Ithole liza phambili nge-muzzle, liboshwe emilenzeni, noma imilenzeni yezintambo - zombili izikhundla zilungile. Ekuqaleni, kusukela ezithombeni zobulili, isambiso sesisu siphunga noma siphuzi. Ithole lingalichitha, ngaphandle kwalokho lingenziwa kuphela emva kokuvela kwamalungu.
Uyazi? Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izilwane zizalwa ngaphambi kwezinkunzi zezinsuku ezingu-1-2.
Uma ithole liphuma ngaphandle kwenkomo, kuyadingeka ukusula umlomo wayo, amehlo, ama-nasal kanye nesigxobo somlomo esivela kumasiki enendwangu ehlanzekile. Ngemuva kokuphela kokusakazwa kwegazi emgqeni we-umbilical, kunqunywe ebangeni elingama-10-12 cm kuya esiswini, isilonda siphathwa nge-antiseptic. 
Inkabi idinga ukusula izitho zangasese, ububele, isisu, imilenze kanye nendwangu ehlanzekile. Izishukela ezinamanzi nezitshalo kufanele zithathelwe indawo.
Ukunakekela inkomo ngemuva kokukhipha
Uma ubeletha inkomo okokuqala, kungase kuphakanyiswe imibuzo eningi mayelana nokunakekelwa kwesifazane esikhathini sokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukudla, ukukhishwa kokuqala kanye nemodi yayo, ukusebenzisa ubisi - kuzo zonke lezi amaphuzu sizobheka ngaphezulu.
Indlela yokudla nokuphuza
Ihora ngemva kokubeletha, i-burenka idinga ukuphuza 10-15 amalitha amanzi anosawoti (100 g ngalinye amalitha ayi-10). Amanzi kufanele athiswe kuma-36 ° C. Ungakwazi futhi ukunikeza ufulawa omncane.
Ukudla okunye kufanele kuhlelwe ngokulandela uhlelo olulandelayo:
- Usuku lokuqala I-ration iqukethe u-5 kg we-hay noma u-8 kg wemifino, kanye ne-bran edakiwe (500 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi);
- Usuku lwesibili Ukudla kuyafana, kodwa isayizi sesabelo sanda kancane;
- 3-4 izinsuku. Kulokudla okungenhla kwenezelwa 2-4 kg yemifino yezimpande kanye nezingxube ezimbalwa ze-cereal mixtures;
- Usuku lwesi-5. Ukudla kuyafana, kodwa izingxenye zanda;
- Usuku lweshumi. Ukusebentisa usayizi kanye nokudla okuphelele kuhlanganiswa ngendlela evamile.
Nini futhi izikhathi ezingakanani ukomela inkomo
Ngokushesha ngemva kokubeletha, isidumbu sesilwane kufanele sihlanjwe ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate, khona-ke ihora nesigamu kamuva umkhuhlane kumele ugezwe ngesisombululo soda (200 g ngalinye ngo-10 l), usule umile ngendwangu elithambile bese uqhubekela phambili ekubambeni. Amajetshi okuqala adinga ukuba ahlaselwe futhi angasetshenziselwa ukuthambisa ithole.
Ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokuthola, izinkomo zobisi kudingeka zifakwe izikhathi ezingu-4-5, noma izikhathi ezingu-3, kodwa nge-poddozy 1-2 amahora ngemva kokukhishwa okuyinhloko. Uma isilwane sibhekene ne-postpartum paresis, akuvunyelwe ukuyiqeda ngokugcwele - kubalulekile ukushiya ingxenye yobisi emgqeni.
Sincoma ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuthi zingakanani izikhathi zokubamba inkomo.
Ukuphunga okumnyama kufanele kuqhutshwe njalo ngaphambi kokugubha. Ngalokhu udinga ukugeza ngokugcwele futhi usula izandla zakho, kuyadingeka ukuthi izintende zifudumele. Okulandelayo udinga ukushayeka, okukhuthele kakhulu, kodwa okunempilo (!) Okuhambayo ukuxubha ingxenye ngayinye yombele imizuzwana engu-20-30. Kunconywa ukuqala ukusikhipha okulula okunjalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokukhipha.
Ngizophuza nini ubisi
Ngaphambi nje kokubeletha, phakathi kwabo noma ngemva kwalokho, i-colostrum ibonakala kwenkomokazikazi - umthombo ophuzi, onamahloni ozwakalayo ngephunga elithile nokubunjwa okhethekile.
Ngokuvamile akusetshenziswanga ukudla futhi akusetshenziselwa ukupheka ngenxa yephunga elimnandi, kodwa i-colostrum yenkomo iyona mkhiqizo ongcono kakhulu futhi obalulekile okhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwengculazi, ukubunjwa kwe-microflora emathunjini enempilo kanye nesistimu yokugaya ukudla okuvamile, ngoba i-colostrum kufanele inikwe ihora ngemva kokuzalwa. 
Ubisi lwezinyosi buyafaneleka ekusetshenzisweni komuntu ngemuva kokuba i-colostrum ihluleke ukukhishwa - okungukuthi, emva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10 kusukela ekuqaleni kokubamba.
Kubalulekile! Ezinye izinsikazi azikhiqizi i-colostrum, lapho kwenzeka khona ithole kufanele lilungiselele ukuxuba okukhethekile okusekelwe esikhundleni sobisi olusha, amafutha wezinhlanzi, amaqanda ezinkukhu kanye nosawoti.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka emva kokukhipha
Inkambo yokuzalwa echazwe ngenhla inenkomo ihamba kahle futhi iyomzimba, kodwa kwezinye izimo, ngenxa yokusabalalisa kakhulu, ukuphulwa okungalungile, ukondla nokunakekelwa, kanye nezizathu eziningi, i-calving ingase ihambe ngokwezimo. Ubuthakathaka, i-edema, ukungabi nalutho lokubeletha, ukukhathala - izimo ezinjalo ziyinkinga yokugula futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezilwane ngokushesha.
Inkomo ayivuki
Ukuntuleka kwesilwane ukuma ngezinyawo ngemva kokuqhafaza kuchazwa umonakalo ekupheleni kwezinzwa zezindawo ze-buttock kanye ne-lumbosacral. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yamathambo amancane kakhulu, ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kokuqala, ngokuzalwa okude kakhulu futhi okunzima. Zombili izitho ezimbili zomzimba zingathinteka.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zizathu, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane lapho isilwane esenqaba ukuvuka nokuqamba amanga ngaso sonke isikhathi: i-metritis, i-mastitis, i-postpartum paresis, umkhuhlane wobisi, ukuntuleka okukhulu kwe-phosphorus. Inkomo ingase ingabe isukuma ngenxa yokuqhaqhaza ukuxoshwa noma ukwephulwa kwethambo. 
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, kufanele ngokushesha ubonise isilwane kudokotela wezilwane ukuze aqinisekise imbangela. Uma isikhathi eside isilwane siyoba sesikhundleni esiphakeme, okungahambi kahle kakhulu ukubikezelwa okuqhubekayo kokuthola, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuphoqelela isilwane ukuba sikhule nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa imisindo ekhaliphile neyomsindo, ukuduma, ukushaya (le ndlela isebenza kuphela nabantu abesabekayo), ukuphikisana kancane komsila phakathi, uhlelo olukhethekile lwamabhande wokuphakamisa isilwane. Uma isikhathi eside inkomo izokwazi ukuma, hambisa futhi uguquke, ngcono.
Funda kabanzi ngalokho okufanele ukwenze uma inkomo ingavuki emva kokukhipha.Ngemuva kokunye, ama-ascents adinga ukuphindaphinda futhi. Uma izinzwa zonakalisiwe, isilwane kufanele sinikezwe imithi ngomphumela wokulwa nokuvuvukala, kanti i-paresis, i-caffeine benzoate isetshenzisiwe, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwe-phosphorus kukhishwa umjovo.
Inkomo ayizange isuswe
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, ukubeletha kufanele kuphele emva kwamahora amathathu kuya kwangu-6 emva kokukhokha. Abalimi abaningi bemfuyo baqala ukwethuka, ukuthi ukubeletha akuzange kuphume, ngaphandle kokuqaphela indlela owesifazane wesilwane ayegwinya ngayo. Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi isilwane sihlanzekile, udinga ukufaka isandla esilondoloziwe kahle nesilisiwe emzimbeni - umlomo wesibeletho uvaliwe uthi yonke into ihlelekile.
Kodwa uma ukubeletha kungazange kuphume noma isibeletho asihlanjululwanga ngokuphelele, imiphumela ingadabukisa kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokugcina esisele, isilwane siyaqhubeka siqondisa, ingemuva igoqa, izimbungulu ezinamaqabunga ngamagundane egazi zingabonakala ezifweni zobulili. 
Imfuyo yezinyosi yokuhlanza izinsalela ze-Placenta ziqala ukubola ngokushesha kakhulu ngaphakathi emzimbeni, ezibangela ukudakwa ngokweqile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isilwane esenqaba ukudla, inani lobisi liyancipha, futhi emuva kugxilwe ebuhlungu.
Kubalulekile! Ukuhlukaniswa okungaphelele noma okungenakuqhathaniswa kwe-placenta kugcwele ubuncwane besifazane.
Izimbangela zalesi sifo sezifo zingaba ziningi:
- usayizi omkhulu wesisu;
- ukungabi namavithamini namaminerali;
- ukukhuluphala noma ukuchithwa kwesifazane;
- umsebenzi okwanele, i-brucellosis, njll.
Ukuze usize isilwane siphume ukubeletha, udinga ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinciphisa izibeletho zesisu: "Oxytocin", "Oxylate", "Pituitrin". I-vet ingahle ibeke antibiotics ukuvimbela ukutheleleka. I-Amniotic fluid inomphumela ofanayo kumisipha yesibeletho. 
Ukuze wenze lokhu, uma ukuphuka kwesikhumba sesisu, kufanele kuqoqwe ku-container ehlanzekile futhi kugcinwe ekushiseni kwe-+3 ° C. Uma emva kwamahora angu-6 ukubeletha kungaphumi, i-amniotic fluid kumele idakwe ama-3 amalitha njalo ngamahora angu-6-7. Ngendlela, noma nini kungenzeka, i-amniotic fluid kufanele iqoqwe njalo futhi ihanjiswe kwabesifazane, ngoba inomphumela omuhle kakhulu emzimbeni ngemuva kokuqhafaza.
I-edema edala emfuyweni
Ngaphandle, ubuthongo obuvuvukalayo bubukeka bukhulu, ubukhulu bungaphinda bukhuphuke (ngenkathi bufinyeleleka ubude), isikhumba sibanda futhi sinzima, futhi kamuva ukuvuvukala kungaya esiswini. Ngaphakathi kwesibeletho ngesikhathi se-edema, uketshezi luhlanganisa izicubu, kubeka ingcindezi egazini nasezikhungweni ze-lymphatic. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukwakheka ubisi kuncishisiwe. Ezimweni eziningi, i-edema idlula ngokwayo ngaphandle kokungenelela.
Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukhula lukhula isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuxilonga ngezizathu ezinjalo:
- ukuntuleka kokuhamba;
- ukudla okunganele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa;
- ukulimala, ukuqhuma nokulimala;
- izifo zezinso, inhliziyo, toxicosis.
Ukuze ukwelashwa kwe-postpartum edema, kuyodingeka ukubonisana nodokotela wezilwane. I-massage yezidakamizwa ivame ukushiwo ngamafutha (30 g we-bexisi, isipuni esingu-1 samafutha we-sunflower, ecibilikile ekugezeni amanzi futhi selehlile). Ukwengezwa kasawoti okumele ukondle nakho kunqunyelwe, inani lokudla okunomsoco, amanzi nokuphuza utshwala. Uma ukuvuvukala kungadluli, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa imithi (Disalunin, Urodiacin). 
Ukuqhuma kwamazinyo
Isizathu sokukhushulwa kokugaya ngemuva kokukhansela ngokuvamile kuyiphutha lokudla okunomsoco. Ukudla okungalungile kwekhwalithi, inani elinganele lezinto eziwusizo kanye nezakhi ezinomsoco kunomthelela omubi kakhulu ekugayeni kwezinsikazi, ikakhulukazi esikhathini esinzima futhi esibucayi.
Ukulungisa lesi simo, inkomo ingadakwa njalo amahora angu-8-10 ngenhlanganisela enhle esekelwe uju noma ushukela (isipuni esingu-1 ngalinye ilitha lamanzi afudumele). Uma isifo sohudo singayeki emva kwezinsuku ezimbili, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubize udokotela wezilwane, ukuhlaziya izidakamizwa zamagciwane.
Kuyoba okuthakazelisayo ukuthi ufunde ukuthi imiphi imfuyo inkomo enayo ngaphambi nangemva kokukhipha.
Akukho ubisi
Ukungabikho noma inani elincane lobisi ikakhulukazi libhekwa ezinkambeni zokuqala. Ukuze ugweme le nkinga, kubalulekile ukuqala inkomo ngesikhathi, ukunakekela kahle izilwane phakathi nenkathi eyomile, emva kokukhipha kahle. Kubuye kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela inqubo yokudoba, kungenjalo ngokunyakaza okuphuthumayo, okubuhlungu inkomo ngeke ivele inganiki ubisi.
Ukuncelisa izikhathi ezingu-4-5 (ngisho noma kungekho ubisi obanele), i-lactation izobuyela kancane kancane evamile. Kungathatha cishe inyanga kuze kube yilapho isilwane sihamba ngesilinganiso esivamile ngezilinganiso ezijwayelekile. Abanye abalimi bemfuyo bakhetha ukuvumela ithole lenkomo ukuze londle ngokwengeziwe. 
Inkomo imincane kakhulu
Izimbangela ze-postpartum ukulahleka kwesisindo zingase zibe kakhulu, ngoba cishe noma yisiphi isimo sezilwane isilwane esenqaba ukudla ngakho-ke, siqala ukulahlekelwa isisindo. Ukuze kutholakale imbangela, kubalulekile ukubiza udokotela wezilwane futhi uhlaziye ukuthi kukhona yini ezinye izimpawu eziyingozi (ukukhishwa kwamagciwane, isifo sohudo, ukuphuza, njll).
Uma isifiso sesilwane singashintshi, ayikho isifo sohudo, isilwane siyaqhubeka sihlafuna i-gum, ungasolisa ukungabi namabithamini namaminerali. Ukuqeda i-beriberi, kuyadingeka ukuthi usebenzise i-vitamin complexes (i-Sedamin, i-Tetravit, i-Trivit, i-Eleovit, njll).
Kuze kube nini emva kokuba ikhalenda ihamba ngezinkomo
Abamele izinkomo yizilwane ze-polycyclic ezinezinsuku ezingama-21-24.
Kubalulekile! Ukukhulelwa okulandelayo kufanele kwenzeke kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-90 ngemuva kokuxilonga.Ngemuva kokukhipha, izinkomo zizingela ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-30, ukushintshashintsha kwezinsuku ezingu-10 kuzo zombili izinkomba kungenzeka. Ngakho, ukukholisa inkomo kuyisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu esilwaneni kanye nabanikazi bayo.
Udinga ukulungisa inkomo ukuze ikwazi ukukhokha kusengaphambili, ngokunembile nangesikhathi, ukuqhuba ukwethulwa. Адекватное кормление, правильный уход, знание физиологии беременности и отёла позволят животноводам организовать максимально безопасные и естественные роды.
