Kubalulekile kunoma imuphi umlimi ukwazi izici zeminyaka yobudala bayo: ukuthi ubuphi ubude bokuphila kwabo, ukuthi yikuphi ubudala abafinyelela ekutheni ukuxoshwa, bahlakulele ngokobulili, balahlekelwe umkhiqizo, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunakwenzeka ukuba umbelethi enze umsebenzi wakhe ngaphandle kokukwazi ukukhetha iminyaka yobudala. kuxhomeke ezindlekweni zayo kanye nemibandela yokuboshwa. Ake sizame ukuqonda konke lokhu kuhlakanipha mayelana nenkomo, ngokufanele sicabange enye yezilwane ezifuywayo kakhulu kunombono wezomnotho.
Yini enquma impilo yenkomo
Ngaphambi kokuba sikhulume ngezinombolo eziphelele, thola ukuthi iziphi izinto ezithinta impilo yalesi silwane. Kubonakala sengathi konke kuncike ezimweni zokuboshwa, kodwa empeleni akunjalo ngempela.
Uyazi? Inkomo yayingakapheli iminyaka engama-5 000 eyedlule, ngenkathi okokuqala ubukhulu besilwane kwakunjalo ukuze babeliswe ngumuntu emi kunokuba bahlale. Emindenini empofu ehluphekile eRussia kaPeter the Great, izinkomo zinyuka ezimo ezinzima zokuphila kuze kube yilapho zihambelana nethole laseYurophu elinobukhulu, ngakho-ke injongo eyinhloko yokulondolozwa kwayo kwakuwukuthola umquba womanyolo - umquba.
Ukulindeleka kokuphila kwenkomo kunqunywa ngu:
- Izimo zezulu. Ukushisa okunethezeka kwe-Bos taurus taurus (igama lesiLatini lezinkomo ezifuywayo) kuyinto +10 ° C. Ngaphezu kwalokho izinkomba zokushisa ezivela kulolu phawu ngenye indlela, ngokushesha isilwane sizokhipha imali yayo yemvelo. Ukungahlali kahle akubekezelele kahle umswakama ophezulu nemimoya enamandla. Ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni ezihlala eNyakatho-Western yaseRussia, lapho isimo sezulu sibuhlungu khona, kanti izimila zimbi, izinkomo eziphakathi nje azihlali nje ezindaweni ezimnyama zomhlaba.
- Izwe (isifunda) sokuhlala. Udaba ngalolu daba alukho kakhulu indawo yalo, njengalokhu izinga lokuthuthukiswa, ukucabanga, indlela yokugcina izilwane, amandla okuxhashazwa. Uma inkomo ithathwa njengesilwane esingcwele (iNdiya yanamuhla, iSri Lanka, iNepal nezinye ezisho ukuthi inkolo yamaHindu iyinkolo evamile), isilwane singase sikwazi ukuhlala sisebekhulile kunalokho okusetshenziselwa khona futhi sithunyelwe ukuhlatshwa ngokushesha umkhiqizo uqala ukuwa.
- Ecology. Ukuqhelelana okuphezulu kwamamitha, izimboni kanye nezinye izimpumelelo zempucuko kukhulisa kakhulu impilo yezilwane, ngakho-ke emzaneni okude umlimi unamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinkomo kanye nobisi kunedolobha.
- Ukuzalwa. Ababelethi bakhiqiza izinhlobo ezikhethekile zezinkomo (ngokwesibonelo, uhlobo lwe-Holstein-Friesian), olwenzelwe ukukhiqiza ubisi lwesikhathi eside cishe kunoma yiziphi izimo. Ngokwezinhlobo zenyama, lapho izinkunzi ziphakanyiselwa ukuhlatshwa khona unyaka noma isikhathi esincane, akuyona inkathi yokuphila ebaluleke kakhulu, kodwa izinga lokuzuza kwesisindo.
- UPawulu Njengabantu, izinkomo zinezinyanga ezibuthakathaka ngokwesilinganiso ziphila isikhathi eside kakhulu kunamadoda.
- Ukudla Ngokungafani nezinye izilwane zasemapulazini, ukudla okunempilo okwanele kubaluleke kakhulu kunezinye izimo zezindlu. Uma izilwane zondliwa kuphela ngokugxila, zizoqeda imithombo yazo yokuphila ngaphambi kwesikhathi esivunyelwe imvelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetshenziswa okunempilo kokudla okuhlangene kwanamuhla kuvumela ukwandisa isilinganiso sempilo yezinkomo ezinamahloni uma kuqhathaniswa nezilwane ezigcinwa emafamu azimele, ehlobo ngokuzimela zizitholela ukudla ekufuyweni kwamahhala, futhi ebusika zidla hay kanye nohlobo kuphela.
Zijwayeze ngezici zokudla zamathole, izinwele, ubisi nezinkomo ezomile.
- Ukunakekelwa kwekhwalithi. Ukuhlanzeka ekamelweni lapho umhlambi uqukethe khona, ukujwayela ukuhlanza kuyo kanye nokuhlanza abaxhasi, ukutholakala noma ukungabikho kwezingqikithi, umcengezi ngesikhathi sokushisa nokushisa ehlathini kuncike ikakhulu empilweni futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukulinda kokuphila kokubili izinkunzi namantombazane amancane.
- Izici zomuntu ngamunye. Akunakwenzeka ukuphika ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila kwanoma yisiphi isidalwa esiphilayo sithathwa ngokuyinhloko ngezakhi zofuzo, ukufelwa kwesifo kwezinye izifo ezithile.
Ngakho-ke, kokubili izinto ezinomgomo nezizithobayo zithinta ukujikeleza kwezilwane.
Inkomo iyaphi?
Kusukela ngenhla, kuyacaca ukuthi ukukhuluma mayelana nokuphila okujwayelekile kwenkomo kungaba nomthelela kakhulu, okwenziwe jikelele: impilo yesithole ihlala iminyaka engu-25-30, inkunzi - engapheli iminyaka engu-15.
Thola ukuthi yini ethinta isikhathi sokuphila nokuthi bangaki onogwaja, izinkukhu, amahansi, ama-swans, amadada, ama-quails namajuba ahlala ngokwesilinganiso.
Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi umlimi kakade akathandeki eminyakeni yobudala bemfuyo yakhe, njengesikhathi esithile lapho amalungu akhe angaphathwa khona - ukunikeza ubisi nokukhiqiza inzalo. Leli gama likhethwe yigama elithi "iminyaka yokukhiqiza". Ngenkomo, ineminyaka engaba ngu-12-15 ubudala.
Ulwazi olungenhla ngeke luphelele uma ungacacisi izinkomba ezijwayelekile zesikhathi sobude bokuphila kwezinkomo, kuye ngokuthi izwe lendawo yokuhlala. 
Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esiphezulu sokuphila kweBos tausus taurus ngu:
- e-Israel nase-India - iminyaka engu-35-40;
- e-USA - eminyakeni engu-25-30;
- emazweni amaningi aseYurophu - iminyaka engu-20;
- eRussia - eminyakeni engu-6-7.
Uyazi? Enye yamarekhodi adumile okuphila isikhathi eside emfuyweni ineminyaka engu-47 ubudala. Ummeleli wezinhlanga zeDremonskoy ogama lakhe linguBig Burt wayephila iminyaka ehloniphekile. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi phakathi nokuphila kwayo eside le nkomo evela e-Ireland yakhiqiza amathole angu-39, okuyinto irekhodi eliphelele phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinkomo.
Kumele futhi kuqondwe ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila sokuphila ngokuqondile sincike ekuqondeni kokusetshenziswa (ubisi noma inyama) nokuthi ngabe isilwane sigcinwe emndenini wangasese njengomhlengikazi womhlaba wonke noma epulazini elikhulu, lapho kungumthombo wenzuzo kuphela.
Ekhaya
Emakhaya, isikhathi sokuphila sokuphila kwenkomo sekuyiminyaka eyi-15-17 (ngokweminye imininingwane - iminyaka engu-10-12), okungukuthi, ihambelana nobude besikhathi sokukhiqiza kwesilwane. 
Ngemuva kokuba isilwane sesilwane sithengise, futhi inkomo ayikwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo, ithunyelwa enyama. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuphila okungapheli isikhathi eside inkomo efuywayo ikwazi ukuletha amathole angu-12, okungukuthi, ukukhulelwa kwenzeka kaningi ngaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha.
Uma sicabanga ukuthi izinkomo zikhulelwe ezinsukwini ezingama-283, izinkomo ezifuywayo zikhona kulezi zindawo ezingama-60% ezimpilweni zabo.
Emapulazini amakhulu
Emapulazini amakhulu, ukusebenza kwezinkomo kwenziwa ngisho nakakhulu. Lapha izinkomo zobisi zithunyelwa ekudleni ekupheleni konyaka wesi-7 wokuphila. Ngokuqondene nezinhlobo zezinyama, ukulinda kwabo impilo kungaphansi.
Kubalulekile! Ukubulawa kwezinkunzi zezinyama ezinyangeni eziyi-15-18, lapho ithole lithola isigamu samathani esisindo. Ngezinye izikhathi izilwane zingaphila iminyaka emibili, kodwa emva kwalesi sikhathi inzuzo yabo yesisindo iyancipha ngendlela ephawulekayo, ngakho-ke kuba ngezezimali ezingenzi inzuzo ukuqhubeka nokudla.
Ngamanye amazwi, izinkomo cishe azikaze zikwazi ukuhlala iminyaka yobudala emakhaya noma epulazini, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukulindeleka kokuphila kwalesi silwane kuhluke kakhulu kulowo oqobo. 
Izigaba zokuphila kwenkomo
Ukujikeleza kwemfuyo, njengeyiphi inyama ephilayo, ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezithile: ubuntwana, ukuvuthwa, ukuguga. Abalimi ngalesi sizathu, ngokuyinhloko, banesithakazelo ezinkomba zokukhiqiza - isikhathi lapho isilwane sinikeza ubisi, kanye nobudala bokuzala bezinkunzi namathole.
Ngabe yimiphi iminyaka engakwazi ukumboza izinkomo (inkomo)
Ukukhulelwa emasimini amabili omabili i-Bos taurus taurus kwenzeka cishe ngesikhathi esisodwa - ezinyangeni ezingu-6-9. Ngenyanga ezingu-14, umntwana usuvele uvuthiwe ngokuphelele ("ufika ekuzingeleni").
Kubalulekile! Isikhathi esiphezulu sokuqhathaniswa kokuqala ngu: intombazane encane - izinyanga ezingu-18, ngenkunzi - izinyanga ezingu-14.Kodwa-ke, abalimi abanolwazi abakuthandabuli bayakugqugquzela ukumboza ngalesi sikhathi: ukukhulelwa kokuqala ezilwaneni kubhekene nezinkinga, ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu ongenamazwa futhi ongenalwazi angaphendula ngokungafanele ekuhambisaneni okuqhubekayo nokuzilimaza ngokwabo noma ophetheyo.
Ividiyo: yikuphi ukudala kwezinambuzane (ikhava) ezinyakazayo Ngisho nobudala obufanele bezilwane kwenza insimbi yokuqala ibe inqubo ephazamisayo kakhulu. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ngababili bodwa okungenani umuntu oyedwa waba nesipiliyoni socansi, ngaphandle kwalokho inkunzi, edidekile ngokungenakwenzeka kwesithole, ingenqaba ukubona izinhloso zangempela kunokuba ibonise ukubekezela nokubekezela.
Ubisi luqala nini ukunikeza ubisi
Isikhathi senkomo yobisi siqala esigabeni sokugcina sokukhulelwa - eneminyaka engu-2 nezinyanga ezine: unyaka weminyaka nesigamu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nezinyanga eziyi-9,5 zokukhulelwa (ukukhulelwa). Ngokwalokho, ubisi lwezinkomo luhloselwe ukondla ithole. Isikhathi sokulahlwa kwezimo zemvelo sithatha izinyanga ezingu-6-7 emva kokuqhafaza.
Izinsuku zokuqala ezinhlanu zobisi lwe-lactation ziqukethe inani eliphansi lamafutha, kodwa licebile kakhulu kuma-antibodies okudingekayo ukuvikela umkhuhlane obuthakathaka wengane. Lo mkhiqizo ubizwa ngokuthi i-colostrum futhi akufanele isetshenziswe ngabantu.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokubamba inkomo.
Okulandelayo kuza okuthiwa "isigaba", okungukuthi, ukusungulwa kwemodi evamile ye-lactation: itholakala ezinsukwini ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-50 emva kokuxhuma. Emva kwalokho kulandela isikhathi sokukhishwa kwesibisi esiphezulu, emva kwalokho inkomo idinga ukuphumula ukuze ithole amandla kuze kufike ukukhulelwa okulandelayo (i-deadwood). 
Kodwa-ke, ngokukhiqizwa kwezimboni (ngisho nasemakhaya), le mvamisa cishe ayigcinwanga. Izinkabi zifakwe isikhathi eside kakhulu kunesikhathi esabekwe yimvelo, futhi uma kungenjalo kokungokwemvelo kokunciphisa inani lobisi, le nqubo ngeke iphele.
Lokhu kwandiswa kwe-lactation kunikezwa ukuvuselela okusebenzayo kwezingono, okubonwa ngumzimba wenkomokazi njengento eqhubekayo yenkomo ebisi. Kodwa-ke, kunoma yikuphi, ukukhishwa kwesibisi esiphezulu kuvame ukugcinwa kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezingu-4 emva kokuxoshwa, ngakho-ke inkomo ibuye ihlanganiswe futhi emva kwalokho.
Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zezinkomo zobisi zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezifana neYaroslavl, iKhommory, i-redppe, iDutch, i-Ayrshire ne-Holstein.
Ngisho nangemva kokukhulelwa, isilwane siyaqhubeka sibisiwe, sivumele ukuba siphumule izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa okuhlosiwe, ukuze inqubo ye-lactation iqale ngokuqala ngamandla.
Ngabe yimiphi iminyaka eyeka ukunikeza ubisi
Ubuchwepheshe bamanje bwenza kube lula ukwandisa izivuno izikhathi eziphindwe eziyishumi uma kuqhathaniswa nemvelo, noma kunjalo, umzimba wesilwane uhamba ngokushesha kakhulu, ngoba awuklanyelwe ukuhlinzwa okunjalo nhlobo. Ngenxa yalokho, kusukela eminyakeni engu-7 yokuphila, inani lobisi elingatholakala enkomeni liqala ukwehla kancane kancane, futhi ngeminyaka eyi-12-15, uketshezi ubisi luyancishiswa kuze kube yilapho. 
Ngokuvamile, ukukhiqizwa ubisi lwenkomo ngesikhathi sokuphila kwayo kubonakala kanje:
- I-calving yokuqala - u-76% wezinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza ubisi (uma lesi sibalo singaphansi kuka-30%, isithole sisithunyelwa inyama);
- I-calving yesibili - 85-89%;
- I-calving yesithathu - 93-97%;
- I-fourth-sixth calving - 100%;
- I-calving yesi-7 - 90%;
- I-8th calving - 80%.
Kubalulekile! Emapulazini amakhulu amachibi, izinkabi zisetshenziselwa izikhathi ezingu-8-10 ze-lactation, bese zithunyelwa ekuhlatshweni.
Indlela yokunquma iminyaka yenkomo
Uma sicabanga ukuthi inkathi yokukhiqiza yenkomokazikazi ihlala ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokusebenza kungekudala lapho uthenga isilwane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi isikhathi salo sangempela.
Yebo, ungathembela amazwi omthengisi futhi ubone imibhalo azoyikhombisa, kodwa kungcono ukwazi ezinye izinto zokuhlola lolu lwazi. Amacilongo namazinyo esilwane asetshenziswa njengesiluleko esihle kakhulu. 
Ezimpondweni
Iminyaka yenkomo inganqunywa ngokuvumelana nezimpondo ngendlela efanayo nesihlahla somuthi: I-calving ngayinye ibonakala emaphethelweni omzimba wesilwane njengendandatho ehlukile ye-horny (nakuba ngezinye izikhathi ingabonakali kalula, ukucaca kwalesi sibonakaliso kuncike kakhulu ekutheni izinga lomsoco wesilwane).
Ngakho-ke, lapho sicabanga ukuthi uphondo luyindlovu, sithola ukuthi umama waba ngumama kaningi kangakanani, hhayi ukuthi uhlala iminyaka emingaki emhlabeni, kodwa ukucabanga ukuthi ngaphandle kwamathole akukho ubisi, futhi ubisi obunayo njalo yilokho abantu abagcina khona epulazini lezinkomo, inani lezingane likuvumela ukuba ubeke iminyaka yesilwane ngokunemba kakhulu.
Kubalulekile! Izinkomo zizuza indandatho yokuqala ezimpondweni ezineminyaka engu-2.5-3. Ngakho-ke, indandatho ngayinye elandelayo ingeza iminyaka engu-1-1.5 kule minyaka.
Izimpondo zingabuye zithole isikhathi sethole. Ukuqhuma kwezimpondo ezincane ezinganeni kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezimbili, emva kwalokho izimpondo zanda ngezinga elilinganiselwa ku-1 cm ngenyanga. Yiqiniso, le ndlela ingase ingabonakali inembile futhi inokwethenjelwa, kodwa konke kuzocaca uma uhlanganisa ngokuhlolisisa amazinyo wesilwane bese uqhathanisa imiphumela.
Ividiyo: indlela yokunquma iminyaka yezimpondo zenkomo
Emazinyo
Ezinkanjeni, njengezinye izilwane eziningi, kukhona ushintsho olulodwa lwamazinyo: okokuqala, ubisi lukhula, khona-ke buya esikhundleni sabantu bomdabu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuguga, imihlahlandlela iqala ukuphela, futhi le nqubo iqhubeka kancane kancane nangokulandelana okuthile.
Ngakho-ke, ukubheka emlonyeni wesilwane, umuntu kufanele afune izimpendulo zemibuzo elandelayo:
- kungakhathaliseki ukushintsha kwamazinyo okubisi kwazimpande futhi uma le nqubo ingagcwaliswa, yimaphi amazinyo asele ashintshiwe futhi angabikho;
- iyini isimo sezindleko.
Kubalulekile! Amagama amazinyo obisi lweenkomo amancane kakhulu futhi ancipha kakhulu kunama-molar, ngakho-ke uma ubona ngaphakathi komhlathi wethole nenkunzi endala, ngeke kwenzeke iphutha.
Ukushintsha kwamazinyo ngamathole kwenzeka ngendlela ecacile lapho kulula ukucacisa iminyaka yesilwane:
| Uhlobo lwamazinyo | Ubudala beshintsho kumdabu |
| Abaqashi | Izinyanga ezingu-14-19 |
| Amazinyo angaphakathi aphakathi | Izinyanga ezingu-18-26 |
| Amazinyo angaphandle aphakathi | Iminyaka emibili noma kancane kancane |
| Okrayki | Iminyaka engu-2.5-3.5 |
Ngakho-ke, uma ithole lingenayo amazinyo obisi emlonyeni wayo, ubudala bayo okungenani iminyaka engu-2.5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuze kube seminyakeni engaba ngu-4-5, isimo samazinyo emfuyweni sihlala siseduze, bese kancane kancane siqala ukuwohloka. 
Uma i-okrayka igxilile embusweni obushelelezi futhi ojikelezayo, noma engekho ngokuphelele, isilwane, cishe, sakwazi ukugubha iminyaka eyishumi.
Uyazi? Ngokuvamile izinkomo zenziwe ubisi ezinyangeni ezingu-10 emva kokuqhafaza, ukulawula ukuthola amalitha angama-7.5 ayizinkulungwane zobisi. Leli nani lihambisana namazinga angama-100 asetshenziswayo yobisi nemikhiqizo yobisi kumuntu ngamunye. Kulesi simo, kunamacala lapho isikhathi sokubamba siphelela iminyaka engaba ngu-2 ngaphandle kwekhefu.
Kusukela kulokhu singenza isiphetho esingenakuqhathaniswa: sibe nenqolobane yemvelo yemithombo, kubalwa 3-4 amashumi, izinkabi zivame ukuthola ithuba lokuzisebenzisa ngisho nekota.
Ngaphandle kwalomthetho mhlawumbe ukuthi izinkomo zase-Israel nezamaNdiya, okulindeleke ukuba kube khona isikhathi sokuphila esingaphezu kwesikhathi eside kunezihlobo zabo ezihlala endle.
