Ukhukhamba engadini eduze kwaseMoscow: ungayikhetha kanjani futhi ikhule ngo-2020

Ukhukhamba yimifino ethanda ukushisa, kepha akunakuthathwa lapho njengasosiko lwaseningizimu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, enkabeni neRussia kuqhutshwa amaholide nemikhosi ehlukahlukene enikezwe ikhukhamba. Futhi amagama ezinhlobonhlobo ezindala - uMurom, uVyaznikovsky, njll. - akhombisa ukuthi ezifundeni ezimaphakathi ikhukhamba lizizwa likhululekile impela. Futhi, mhlawumbe, akekho umlimi oyedwa weSifunda SaseMoscow ongayenza ngaphandle kokukhula okuluhlaza nangokuphangayo.

Izinhlobo ezihamba phambili zesifunda saseMoscow: incazelo nesithombe

Izinhlobo eziningi zamakhukhamba ziyaziwa, kukhona ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zezinhlobo zazo ngokuya ngesimo esisodwa noma kwesinye. Zi-bushy futhi ziyakhwela, ziyacosha futhi zinezelwa, kusenesikhathi nangaphakathi, zi-pollin zodwa futhi zivuthwa izinyosi, njll. Kuze kube manje, inani lezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zamakhukhamba likhulu kangangokuba uqala ukungabaza: ngabe okungenani kukhona uchwepheshe oyedwa okwaziyo ukuwaqonda? Ngabe zonke lezi zinhlobo ezingamakhulu amaningana zihluke komunye nomunye?

Kulokhu, kuya ngokuya kuba nzima ukunikeza izincomo ngokukhethwa kwezinhlobo zesifunda esithile: ukunambitheka nombala ... Yima! Nokho, okungenani konke kuhamba kahle ngombala: iningi lamakhukhamba liluhlaza kakhulu, izithelo zazo zibizwa ngokuthi luhlaza okotshani. Kepha kukho konke okunye, kufanele uthembele kulwazi lwakho neseluleko sabangane abasondelene abanolwazi olunzulu lokulima izingadi. Iseluleko se-Universal ekukhetheni izinhlobonhlobo esifundeni saseMoscow singahambisana kuphela nesimo sezulu sendawo, esingalindelekile kakhulu.

Lapho ukhetha ibanga lombhede ofakwe amanzi, kufanele kucatshangwe okulandelayo:

• kungakuhle, ikakhulukazi endaweni evulekile, ukukhetha ukhukhamba ngesikhathi sokuvuna esingadluli izinsuku ezingama-45-50, okungukuthi, uma kungenzeka, kuvuthwe kuqala;
• kungcono uma zingamakhukhamba okuzenzela (i-parthenocarpic), ngoba izinyosi esifundeni saseMosesi azindiza nsuku zonke, esimweni sezulu esibi, ukhukhamba lungashiywa ngaphandle kokunaka kwazo; kodwa-ke, izinhlobo zezinyosi ezivikelekile engadini ziyadingeka;
• ukukhetha phakathi kwesaladi nokulanda, kungcono ukungahambeli ngokweqile futhi uthenge imbewu yezinhlobo noma inzalo yenhloso yendawo yonke;
• futhi kunoma yikuphi, izinhlobo eziningi kufanele zitshalwe embhedeni.

Amakhukhamba angaphandle

Ngokutshala enhlabathini engavikelekile, ungakhetha eyodwa yalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ezithandwayo:

• I-Ant F1 - i-parthenocarpic, injongo yendawo yonke, ukulungela kwezitshalo - izinsuku ezingama-37- 38 ngemuva kokuhluma, ukhukhamba olunesisindo esingu-100 g;
• I-Spring F1 - i-hybrid eyaziwa kahle eyisihlahla, impova, ekhule kusukela ngonyaka we-1970 .;
  

  I-fontanel ikhukhamba, eyaziwa kahle kubalimi abanolwazi

• I-Masha F1 - ukuvuthwa kokuqala, i-parthenocarpic, injongo yendawo yonke, izithelo ezingekho ngaphezu kuka-9 cm;
• Competitor - kubhekisa izinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa kokukhula. Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu (kufika ku-8 kg ukusuka ku-1 m²), ihloselwe ikakhulukazi ukutshala endaweni evulekile, njengoba izinyosi zithutha impova, ama-greenbacks afinyelela ku-13 cm ubude;
  

  Umncintiswano - ukuhlukahluka okuhle kakhulu kusuka kwinani elikhulile ngokwesiko

• I-Petersburg Express F1 - i-hybrid evuthiwe yangaphambi kokuvuthwa kwenyosi enesisindo semifino ecishe ibe yi-80 g, inhloso yesaladi;
• IVyaznikovsky 37 - isivuno singavunwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40, izinhlobonhlobo sezitshaliwe kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kwempi, inyosi impova, yahlanganiswa.
  

  I-Vyaznikovsky 37 - ibanga elikhethekile labakhulu bethu

Ukhukhamba oluhlaza okotshani

Njengoba izinyosi zingandiza kule ndawo ebamba ukushisa, futhi yinde futhi kunzima ukupolisha ukhukhamba ngokwazo, lapha udinga ukukhetha ezinhlotsheni ze-parthenocarpic, ngokwesibonelo:

• I-Amur F1 iyi-hybrid eyi-Ultra-yokuqala; ngenyanga yokuqala yokwenza izithelo, inika umnikazi cishe sonke isivuno sakhe sama-greenbacks anesisindo esingu-100 g;
  

  I-Cupid F1 - ikhukhamba ethela izithelo ngaphambi kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi
• I-Zozulya F1 - i-hybrid efanelekile kahle enezithelo ezinde, ithela izithelo isikhathi eside, ithela kakhulu, ihlaza ngokunambitheka okuhle;
• UClaudia F1 - isibonelo se-hybrid ene-bunch fruiting, ama-greenbacks awakhuli, isivuno siphezulu, ukhukhamba awuphumi;
  

  UClaudia F1 - elinye lamakhukhamba okungadingeki ukuthi liqoqwe njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili

• Isibindi F1 - i-hybrid yenhloso yendawo yonke, enesivuno esiphakeme kakhulu nokunambitheka kwezithelo okuhle kakhulu;
• Umfanyana omncane womunwe uF1 yi-hybrid ehlangabezana negama: usayizi omncane we-Zelentsy, ukunambitheka okuhle, okulungele kahle ukuwafaka;
  

  Umunwe Omncane F1 - Ikhukhamba ye-One-Bite

• I-Goosebump F1 - i-hybrid yakuqala esevuthiwe enezithelo ezimfishane ezinamakha ezinambitheka okuhle kakhulu, inhloso yesaladi.

Lezi zinhlu zingaqhubeka kakhulu, singasho nje ukuthi manje azikho izingcucu ezimbi ezisele. Ukuncintisana ...

Izimo ezikhulayo

Into ebaluleke kakhulu eyenza ukhukhamba okhulayo avelele ukuthi adinga ukushisa, umswakama kanye nezakhi zomzimba eziningi. Ngokuqondene nesiko elithanda ukushisa esifundeni saseMoscow, imibhede efudumele ephezulu ihlala ihlelelwa ukhukhamba. Akhiwa kakhulu ngenhlabathi esindayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, banaka ukuqondisa. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezibucaba, amagquma azama ukuvela kusuka entshonalanga kuye empumalanga, nasemithambekeni ngaphesheya kwawo. Ezindaweni ezincane ezisezingeni eliphansi, izikebhe zamakhukhamba zivame ukufakwa eduze kwezindonga zezindlu noma ezicijile.

Ukhukhamba ungomunye wabahlabeleli ngesidingo somanyolo, ikakhulukazi owomanyolo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukhule izilimo ezijwayelekile. Lesi ngesinye sezitshalo ezimbalwa ezibekezelela umquba omusha, noma ngabe kungcono ukuletha ngaphansi kokumba ekwindla. Okungcono kakhulu, uma umquba okungenani uhhafu wesigwaca; kusetshenziswa i-peat kanye nomquba, kepha omanyolo bezimbiwa nabo bayadingeka. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1 m² imibhede idinga amabhakede okungenani owodwa nesigamu omquba, idaka eligcwalisiwe lezinkuni futhi lifinyelela ku-80 g we-nitrophoska.

Ingadi yamakhukhamba ihlelwa minyaka yonke endaweni entsha, ibuyise isiko kungakabi iminyaka emithathu kamuva. Baphethe inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba ezivela enhlabathini, futhi ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen. Ngakho-ke, izandulelo ezingcono kakhulu zamakhukhamba ama-legumes aqongelela i-nitrogen enhlabathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhukhamba utshala kahle ngemuva kwe-anyanisi, ugarliki, upelepele notamatisi. Ungakwazi - ngemuva izaqathi, ama-beet noma iklabishi, kepha akwamukeleki ngemuva kwemifino yethanga (amakhabe, i-zucchini, amathanga).

Ukhukhamba lukhipha inani elikhulu lomanyolo enhlabathini, ngakho-ke umbhede kufanele uhlelwe endaweni entsha njalo ngonyaka

Izithombo ezikhulayo

Ezindaweni ezinenkinga, ukhukhamba ukhule ngokutshala ngqo imbewu engadini, kodwa lapho kufika khona intwasahlobo, futhi uma ufuna ukuthola ukuvuna kwasekuqaleni, izithombo zikhule ngaphambi kokukhula, okuthatha cishe inyanga. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ube ne-greenhouse efudumele, i-greenhouse noma nje indawo ekhanyise kahle efasiteleni. Esifundeni saseMoscow, zombili izindlela zokutshala ukhukhamba zivamile ngokufanayo (ngokusebenzisa izithombo futhi ngaphandle kwazo).

Izinsuku zokutshala imbewu yezithombo

Imbewu yamakhukhamba ayikwazi ukuthengwa njalo ngonyaka, ngoba impilo yawo eshalofini ineminyaka eminingi, futhi engcono kakhulu yokutshala - iminyaka engama-2-3. Isikhathi sokutshala imbewu, bese utshala izithombo emhlabathini sinqunyelwe iqiniso lokuthi ukhukhamba azwelani kakhulu hhayi kuphela kwiqhwa langempela, kepha kumazinga okushisa womoya aphansi kuphela. Ngokuncipha kokushisa kwenhlabathi kuya ku-10 ^mayelanaNjengoba sekukhona usongo lokufa kwezithombo noma izithombo kusuka ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu. Ngakho-ke, ukutshala ukhukhamba engadini, kanye nokutshala izithombo, esifundeni saseMoscow ngaphambi kokuqala kwehlobo kuyingozi enkulu.

Ngokusekelwe ekutheni izithombo atshalwe enhlabathini eneminyaka engu-25-30 kwezinsuku, kuvela ukuthi ukuhlwanyela imbewu izinkomishi ezimeni zesifunda saseMoscow kufanele kwenziwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Uma ukutshala ukhukhamba kufanele kube ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina ukushisa, umsebenzi wokutshala izithombo uqala emasontweni amabili noma amathathu ngaphambili. Vele, lokhu akusebenzi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezifudumele ezenzelwe ukutshala imifino unyaka wonke.

Tshala nini ukhukhamba wezithombo ngo-2020 ezindaweni ezingaphansi: kwetafula

Ngezansi izinsuku ezinhle kakhulu nezimbi kakhulu zokutshala ukhukhamba kukhalenda yenyanga. Futhi, ngalezi zinsuku, ungatshala wonke "amathiphu", okungukuthi, yonke imbewu yezithelo zayo eyakhiwa ngenhla komhlaba. Ezithelweni zezimpande ezinye izinsuku ziyasebenza.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ezinkomishini

Ezimweni eziningi kulezi zinsuku, imbewu emishinini ethengiswa esitolo isivele isilungele ukuhlwanyelwa. Zingatshalwa njengoba zinjalo, kepha imbewu yazo (engathathwa kuphela ezinhlotsheni, kepha hhayi kusuka kuzelwe!) Udinga ukulungiswa kancane. Uhlu lwezigaba zokulungiselela luhlaba umxhwele, kepha umlimi onolwazi uzokwenza kuphela lokho akubona kufanele. Ngokuvamile, bakwenza lokhu ngembewu:

• calibrate (khetha enkulu kunayo futhi enzima);
• ukufudumala (gcina izinsuku ezingama-2-3 kubhethri lokushisa);
• ukubulala amagciwane (gcina imizuzu engama-20 kuye kwengama-30 kwikhambi elimnyama le-potanganum permanganate);
• ofakwe ezikhulisweni zokukhula (iZircon, Epin, ujusi we-agave);
• lukhuni (gcina esimweni sokuvuvukala esiqandisini izinsuku ezingama-1-2);
• imila (gcina ukufudumele ngendwangu emanzi kuze kube yilapho kuvela izimpande ezincane).
  

  Lapho imila imbewu, akufanele ulinde izimpande ezinde: lapho ihlwanyela, ingahlephuke ngengozi

Ngabe inqubo iyasifanelekela isikhathi? Vele, le misebenzi ayilona iqiniso, kepha umuntu omatasatasa akanaso isikhathi sokwenza konke lokhu, ngakho-ke ungazilinganisela ekuthini ungakhubeki imbewu. Futhi lezo ezithengwa esitolo, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ungamane ucwilisa amahora amaningi emanzini. Emva kwalokho, zingatshalwa ngokuphephile ezingilazini ngenhlanganisela enhle yenhlabathi.

Umthamo wezinkomishi kufanele okungenani ube ngu-300 ml, futhi ingxube ingcono ukuthenga nje esitolo. Kepha uma ungafuni ukusebenzisa imali eyengeziwe, udinga ukwenza inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi ngomswakama omuhle kanye nomoya. Kungaba, ngokwesibonelo, ingxube yomhlaba we-turf, umquba, isihlabathi kanye ne-peat, kuthathwe ngokwesilinganiso 2: 2: 1: 1.

Imbewu yamakhukhamba itshalwe ezingilazini ngokujula kwama-1.5 cm, iniselwa kahle futhi igcinwe kuze kuhlume kufudumele (ngokufanele emazingeni okushisa angama-25-28 ^mayelanaC) Kungcono ukumboza izinkomishi ngefilimu noma ngengilazi, kepha uma indlu ingeneme kakhulu, khona-ke amahlumela azovela ezinsukwini ezingama-5-8 nokunye. Ngokushesha izithombo kufanele zidluliselwe endaweni epholile, ekhanyisiwe (16-18 ^mayelanaC) futhi ugcine lapho izinsuku ezingama-3-4. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinga lokushisa lekamelo elijwayelekile lilungele ukhukhamba, kodwa kufanele kube nokukhanya okwanele.

Ukunakekela izithombo

Ukunakekela izithombo zamakhukhamba, eziyingozi kunazo zonke izinsuku zokuqala. Uma ngalesi sikhathi kwakukhanya futhi kupholile, izithombo azange welule, ke ukuletha engadini akuyona inkinga. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, ukulungiswa okwengeziwe kufanele kufakwe, kepha awukwazi ukucabanga ngokushisa: ngalesi sikhathi, ukhukhamba badinga into efanayo nomnikazi wabo. Okusele ukuchelela ngokulinganisela, uma kunesidingo - ukugqoka phezulu, kanye nokwenza lukhuni ngaphambi kokutshala engadini.

Ukunisela izithombo kufanele kube kuphela ngamanzi afudumele (ngeqondo lokushisa elingama-25 ° C). Amanzi amaningi awadingeki, kepha futhi akunakwenzeka ukomisa inhlabathi. Imvamisa yokunisela iya ngezimo, kepha lokhu kumele kwenziwe kude nansuku zonke. Ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye, kungukusebenza okuhle ukuthulula inani elincanyana lesihlabathi esomile ezimpandeni zezitshalo.

Endabeni yenhlabathi enhle, ungakwenza ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo. Kodwa uma izithombo zikhula kabi, futhi amaqabunga ephenduka aphuzi, udinga ukuwanisela ukhukhamba ngokufaka okungenani ukhuni lwenkuni (izipuni ezingama-2-3 ilitha lamanzi). Lapho kungekho umlotha, ungasebenzisa noma yimuphi umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-foliar top (ukufafaza amahlamvu ngesisombululo esilungiselelwe ngokuya ngemiyalo yomuthi). Ngemuva kwanoma yikuphi ukugqoka okuphezulu, ukuthambisa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka.

Izithombo zamakhukhamba sezitshalwa ngaphandle kokuthathwa. Ukudlulisa izithombo ezitsheni ezibanzi kakhulu kungenzeka kuphela uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo; bazama ukuyikhipha ngaphandle kokulimaza uhlelo lwezimpande.

Ukhukhamba zitshalwa zisebenzisa indlela yokudlulisela ngesigaxa sobumba esingagagasi. Noma yikuphi ukufakelwa kwekhukhamba ingcindezi enkulu.

Isonto ngaphambi kokutshala engadini, izithombo ziqine, zithathe umoya okwesikhashana, ngaphandle kokuthi, vele, izinga lokushisa elisemgwaqweni okungenani li-10-12 ^mayelanaC. Ukhukhamba atshalwa eneminyaka engaba yinyanga eyodwa, enamaqabunga ayi-3-4. Izithombo ezinhle kufanele zibe nesiqu esifushane esinamandla futhi, mhlawumbe, amahlumela aqhakazayo.

Izithombo zamakhukhamba akufanele zibe phezulu kakhulu, kepha isiqu kufanele sibe sikhulu, siqine

Ukudlulisa izithombo emhlabathini

Ekuseni kosuku lokufakelwa engadini, ukhukhamba ezingilazini ziniselwa kahle. Ungatshala izithombo emhlabathini ongavikelekile kuphela esimweni sezulu esifudumele, mhlawumbe kusihlwa kosuku olunamafu. Uma kuhlelwa ukupholisa, bese ungakwazi ukukudonsela phambili, udinga ukwakha indawo yokuhlala okwesikhashana. Eluhlaza okotshani - kulula: endaweni ethile maphakathi neMay nakanjani ngeke kubande kuyo.

Kwezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kunikezwa izikimu ezihlukile zokutshala, kepha kunoma yisiphi isizathu asikho isidingo sokuqinisisa izihlahla ngokungadingekile: kusuka endaweni yokugcina, isivuno ngeke sibe ngaphezulu, kepha kunalokho okuphambene. Ngokuvamile, ukhukhamba utshalwe ngemigqa, ngebanga phakathi kwawo okungaba yingxenye yemitha, naphakathi kwamahlahla emgqeni ngamunye 25-25 cm, kodwa ngezinhlobonhlobo ngokukhula okunamandla - okukhululekile. Inqubo yokutshala izithombo - nganoma yisiphi isitshalo semifino:

1. Ngaphambi kokutshala, khulula umhlabathi bese ukala umbhede nge-rake.
   

   Ithuba lokuvula inhlabathi akuyona into elula

2. Ezindaweni eziqokiwe, zenza umgodi ku-scoop: ukujula kwazo kufanele kube kukhulu khudlwana kunosayizi weziqukathi ezinezithombo zamakhukhamba.
3. Kuhlanganiswa inqwaba yezinkuni zomlotha kanye nezipuni zanoma yimuphi umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi ufakwa emthonjeni ngamunye, ohlanganiswe kahle nomhlabathi futhi uthele ngamanzi afudumele.
   

   Kulula kakhulu ukutshala izithombo odakeni, futhi izosiphula kangcono kakhulu

4. Khipha izithombo ngengilazi ngesineke, yitshala emgodini olungiselelwe. Izithombo zingajulwa kancane, cishe ngamaqabunga e-cotyledonous, kepha awukwazi ukugaya ujule kakhulu ezimpandeni: okujulile, okubandayo kakhulu.
   

   Noma ngabe yiziphi izithombo, kubalulekile ukuyisusa endebeni ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izimpande futhi nokuyitshala emgodini

5. Cwilisa ngokucophelela umbhede ngamanzi afudumele, emva kwawo abhula ngo-Peat noma nge-humus.
   

   Ngokutshala kwama-likanisi ekhukhamba, ngisho notshani obomile bufanelekile.

Ku-greenhouse, izithombo zitshalwa ngendlela efanayo, kepha ukulungiswa kwegreenhouse kunzima kakhulu, ngoba kudingeka kucocwe kusukela ekuweni, nisela imibhede ngesixazululo se-sulfate noma i-karbofos, futhi kungenzeka ubuyise inhlabathi entsha. Ukufakwa kwezicucu kulethwa lapho kufakwa khona okuluhlaza kakhulu kunasemhlabeni ovulekile, bese kuthi isonto ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo kufudumele umbhede ngalo ngokuwuthululela ngamanzi ashisayo nge-mullein bese uwumboza ngefilimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma emhlabathini ongavikelekile ukhukhamba angahlali ehlanganiswe kusekela, khona-ke ku-greenhouse ithuluzi le-trellis liyindlela evamile. Izithombo atshalwe ku abamba ukushisa ngemuva ukufudumeza up kanye imibhede, nomoya ekushiseni okungenani 16-18 ^mayelanaC.

Ukutshala ukhukhamba ngembewu ngqo engadini

Ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia, ukukhula kwezithombo zamakhukhamba, ukukhuluma ngokungadingekile, akuphoqelekile. Lokhu kusebenza naseSifundeni SaseMoscow, isimo sezulu saso esikuvumela ukuba uthole isivuno esivamile ngokuhlwanyelwa ngokuqondile kwembewu emhlabathini ovulekile, futhi kunjalo nangaphezulu ku-greenhouse. Ngempela, nzalo eminingi yesimanje iqala ukuthela izithelo ngemuva kwesikhashana esingaphezu kwenyanga kusukela kuvela izithombo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ujabulele ukhukhamba maphakathi nehlobo, imbewu ngoMeyi ingahlwanyelwa ngqo engadini.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile

Ungahlwanyela imbewu cishe ngesonto ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, okungukuthi, masisha emva kukaMeyi 20. Futhi uma kungokokuqala usebenzisa izindawo zokugcina amafilimu ezilula, khona-ke phakathi nenyanga ungatshala ukhukhamba, bese kuthi ekupheleni kukaJuni uthole izithelo zokuqala. Kungcono kakhulu uma preheat umbhede olungiselelwe kusengaphambili ngokuwuthululela ngamanzi ashisayo futhi ukumboza ngentambo yepulasitiki isonto lonke. Ngasikhathi sinye, kukhula ukhula olunobuhlakani ngokuphelele, olungabhujiswa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu.

Imbewu engadini ihlwanyelwa kancane ekujuleni kwezinkomishi: 2,5-3 cm. Indlela yokutshala iyafana nalapho utshala izithombo. Kepha uma imbewu ingekho ngokushesha, kungcono ukuyitshala kakhulu, njalo ngo-10-15 cm, ukuze ususe leyo eyeqile (futhi mhlawumbe ungayitshala ngobumnene ngenhlama yomhlaba!). Ngokuphathelene nendlela imigqa etholakala ngayo ihlobene nomunye, izinketho eziningi kungenzeka, futhi umnini uzikhethela yena.

Ekutshaleni okukhulu kwamakhukhamba, kusetshenziswa indlela yetiyiphu (itheyiphu imigqa emibili nebanga elingama-30-50 cm phakathi kwawo, kuyilapho okungenani ama-90 cm eshiywe phakathi kwamaribhoni aseduze). Lapho utshala imbewu encane, lokhu kuvame ukuthi kube yindlela ejwayelekile, lapho phakathi kwemigqa emibili eyodwa ishiya indawo yamahhala, noma kube yteyipu eyodwa kuphela embhedeni ojwayelekile wengadi.

Lapho uhlela ingadi eyodwa encane, kuhlelwa imigqa emibili kuso

Kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa indlela yokwakha isikwele, lapho izimbobo ezilingana no-12-15 cm ububanzi zihlelwa kubude obucishe kube ngu-70 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, kuleso naleso sitshalo sazo esifinyelela ku-5.

Ngokufanele kakhulu, lapho sewenze umkhondo we-groove we-ukujula okudingekayo, kuhle ukuwathulula ngamanzi avela kwisithonjana sokunisela ngaphandle kwe-strainer, bese ubola imbewu elungiselelwe bese uyifafaza ngenhlabathi, uyihlanganise kancane. Ukunisela okuvela phezulu akudingekile, kepha mboza izitshalo ngefilimu noma nge-spanbond ukugcina umswakama nokushisa kuyadingeka.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu endaweni abamba ukushisa kuyo

Isikhathi sokutshala ukhukhamba endaweni ebamba ukushisa eduze kwaseMoscow kuncike kakhulu kwikhwalithi yayo kanye nasezingeni lokukulungela kwemibhede. Kunoma yikuphi, ungahlwanyela okungenani amaviki amabili ngaphambili kunhlabathi engavikelekile. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukulinda kuze kufike indawo yokushisa ekhululekile yamakhukhamba ku greenhouse. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlwula abufani nalokhu okusetshenziselwa inhlabathi evulekile, kuphela ushintsho emaphethini wokuhlwanyelwa lungenzeka: ikakhulukazi ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla kuncike ikakhulukazi kwijometry yegreenhouse.

Iqiniso ngukuthi ukhukhamba abamba ukushisa cishe bangaze bangene esikweni elivundlile, ngoba udinga ukonga isikhala endaweni ebamba ukushisa! Ngakho-ke, ama-trellises kufanele ahlome, futhi iphethini yokutshala inqunywa ukuthi ikulungele kangakanani ukwakha kuwo futhi kanjani. Uma umniniyo ecabanga ukuthi i-trellis iseduze nodonga, khona-ke kufanele abuyele ku-25-30 cm kuyo futhi ahlwanyele imbewu ilandelana. Uma kulula kakhulu ukubeka umbhede phakathi kwe-greenhouse, bahlela imigqa emibili, bebheka ibanga elingaba ngu-30 cm phakathi kwabo, futhi bahlele i-trellis phakathi kwemigqa, beqondisa imivimbo nhlangothi zombili.

Ngokufanelekile ngoba, ngesikhathi sokutshala i-trellis, ukhukhamba ungatshalwa umgodi omncane, ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo eziletha umanyolo owengeziwe: ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo zilandelana lingancishiselwa libe ngama-20, futhi ngezinhlobo ezikhule buthaka - kuya ku-15 cm. yize kufanele aboshwe ngezikhathi ezithile, noma okungenani aqondise imivimbo ekhulayo eya endaweni efanele.

Ukunakekela ikhukhamba

Ukunakekela ukhukhamba nganoma yiluphi uhlelo olukhulayo akukho nzima kakhulu, kepha kudinga ukuthambisa kaningi futhi kuningi, ukugqoka okuphoqelekile, ukwakheka kwezihlahla, ukulawula ukhula (futhi uma kungenenhlanhla ke izifo) nokuvunwa okufika ngesikhathi.

Ukulima kwangaphandle

Ukhukhamba kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo kudinga ukunakwa njalo. Azikwazi ukuthululwa ukuze kube nexhaphozi, kepha zidinga amanzi amaningi. Ungathambisa ukhukhamba ngamanzi afudumele kuphela (okungenani ngokushisa kwe-25 ^mayelanaC), ngakho-ke, kulula ukwenza lokhu kusihlwa, lapho amanzi asemathangini eshushu evela elangeni.

Ukunisela ngamanzi ompompi okuvela ku-hose kufanele kungafakwa ngaphandle: ukhukhamba luyeka ukukhula kusuka kumanzi abandayo, futhi luye ligule.

Inamanzi ebusweni bayo yonke ingadi, hhayi ngaphansi kwempande kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhukhamba azithandi ukuvela iziqu namahlamvu. Ukuphrinta kungenzeka kuphela lapho kushisa kakhulu, lapho amaqabunga edinga ukuqabuleka.

Ukuvama kokunisela kuya ngesimo sezulu: kwesinye isikhathi kabili ngesonto sekwanele, futhi kwenzeka ukuthi ukuthambisa nsuku zonke nakho kuyadingeka. Ekuqaleni, ngemuva kokunisela noma izimvula, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhulule umhlabathi ongajulile, ngenkathi ususa ukhula. Kepha ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, izimpande zikhula phezu kwawo wonke umbhede, futhi zitholakala ngokujulile. Ngakho-ke, ukuvuleka akumele kwenzeke, futhi kuthathelwa indawo ukulungiswa kwemibhede ngezikhathi ezithile. Uma izimpande zidaluliwe, azifaka nje kuphela isithombo semifino, kodwa nomhlabathi ovundile, zengeza umlotha wokhuni kuwo njalo emavikini amabili (mayelana nesandla esihlahleni).

Ukhukhamba zondliwa kaningana ehlobo, kuyilapho ukukhetha komanyolo kungenamkhawulo. Ama-infusions womanyolo ahlukahlukene we-organic nanoma imuphi amaminerali ayinkimbinkimbi nawo ayasetshenziswa. Ukondliwa kokuqala kwamakhukhamba kunikezwa ezinsukwini eziyi-12 kuya kwezingu-15 emva kokufakelwa (kwesonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza), okwesibili ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali zokuqala, bese kuthi njalo emavikini ayi-2-3. Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yikuphi ukugqoka okungaphezulu futhi ngokushesha emva kwayo, ukhukhambauniselwa kahle.

Izithako zokudla eziningi zemvelo zibukeka zingathandeki, kepha ukhukhamba zithanda

Ngokuqondene nokwakhiwa kwezihlahla, akunakwenzeka ukuthi unikeze izincomo ezifanayo: Indlela yalo msebenzi ixhomekile hhayi kuphela kunendlela yokutshala, kodwa ezinhlobonhlobo.

Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili eyedlule kungenzeka ukusho ngokusobala ukuthi ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga lesihlanu, nciza isiqu ukuze amahlumela asemaceleni akhule lapho kwakhiwa khona isivuno esikhulu. Manje lokhu kuncoma kungaholela ekwehleni okubukhali kwesivuno: ama-nzalo amaningi abe nohlobo oluhlukile lwe-fruiting.

Ngakho-ke, kwezinye izimo, izihlahla azakhi nhlobo, kwesinye isikhathi zifinyelela ukukhula kwamahlumela aseceleni, futhi, kwesinye isikhathi, ngokugxila, zigxila ekuhlolweni okuyinhloko, zengeza kuphela amahlumela aseceleni ayi-2-3 kuwo. Mayelana nalokhu, umuntu kufanele afunde ngokucophelela izincomo zendlela yokwenza isihlahla kwiphakethe elinembewu, futhi uma engekho, zama ukuthola incazelo efanelekayo yezinhlobonhlobo ezisezincwadini. Kepha ukubopha iziqu lapho ukhule ngesiko mpo akunzima: izinhlobo eziningi zamakhukhamba ngokwazo zigibela kunoma yiluphi udonga, zidinga ukuthunyelwa kuphela lapho zilufanele, futhi ukubopha ngokwalo kudingekile kuphela ezigabeni zokuqala.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa i-tine elithambile (okungcono kakhulu - eligoqiwe kusuka kumashidi amadala), uzama ukusabalalisa lonke iqabunga leqabunga lesitshalo ku-trellis. Uma kunamahlamvu amaningi, ngezikhathi ezithile ungathatha amaqabunga alimile, ikakhulukazi lawo amboza izithelo ngokukhanya. Lezo zinhlobonhlobo ezinikeza imivimbo emide kakhulu zinciphisa ukukhula kwazo ngokunamathisela phezulu kwesiqu esiyinhloko lapho sikhula sibe “zingaqondile” ubude.

Ividiyo: ukhukhamba emhlabathini ovulekile

Ukulima okuhlaza okotshani

Ngokuyinhloko, ukhukhamba olukhula endaweni ebamba ukushisa futhi endaweni evulekile kubandakanya imisebenzi nemithetho efanayo, kepha kukhona umehluko. Izinhlobo eziningi zamakhukhamba ngokuvamile zenzelwe kuphela izithombo zokugcina izithombo noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umoya ovulekile. Izinhlobo zegreenhouse kufanele zibekezeleleke ngokwengeziwe emsithweni: ngemuva kwakho konke, izinto ezisezindongeni zegreenhouse zigcina inani elithile lokukhanya kwelanga. Izinambuzane azindingi ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, ngakho-ke ukhukhamba kumele uzenzele umgqumo.

Uma umlimi enengadi eluhlaza, uzama ukusebenzisa izinzuzo zayo ngokugcwele ukuthola isivuno sokuqala. Ngakho-ke, imvamisa, izithombo ezakhiwe ngomumo zitshalwa ku greenhouse, zilungiselela ngokushesha futhi zisekela izitshalo. Isakhiwo esilula kakhulu ngocingo olugqinsi olulelwe ngaphansi kophahla, lapho izitshalo ziboshwe khona, zenza umphetho ngentambo ethambile ekuphakameni kuka-10-15 cm ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba. Okulula ngisho nokwakhiwa kwensimbi yama-coarse efakiwe, amakhukhamba ngokwawo akhuphuka kahle.

Cishe zonke izinhlobo ezenzelwe izithombo zokugcina izithombo zidinga ukwakheka kwezihlahla zamakhasi, ezenziwa ngokuya ngomthetho owodwa noma kwesinye. Uma bekungenakwenzeka ukuthola incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, khona-ke okungenani kufanele ungavumeli imivimbo ukuba ikhule unomphela: kufanele ucindezele zombili isiqu esiyinhloko nezazo ezilandelanayo lapho zifika ubude obonakala bokuthi umlimi akalungele. Ukhukhamba akudingekile ukwaba isivuno: njengomthetho, isihlahla siyakwazi ukukhulisa konke okutshaliwe, ikakhulukazi uma usiza ngokugqoka okuphezulu.

Uma kunezikhukhamba ezimbalwa, zivame ukutshalwa eduze nodonga endaweni ebamba ukushisa

Ukuchelela ku-greenhouse kwenziwa kaningi kunangaphandle kwayo (phela, imvula ayisizi), kepha ukuswakama ngokweqile akunakufiseleka ngisho nangamakhukhamba, kanti futhi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yamatamatisi ngokuvamile asondele kuwo. Ngakho-ke, lo abamba ukushisa kufakwa umoya ngezikhathi ezithile: uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngaphezu kwama-30 ^mayelanaC, ubungozi bukhulu bokuthi ama-greenbacks azokoma, futhi ngokushisa okukhulu kakhulu, izimbali azigovini impova, kepha ziyafa. Futhi izifo ezisegreenhouse zihlasela kakhulu uma kwenzeka kushisa kakhulu futhi kunomswakama.

Ngokombono wokubheka kwezifo nezilokazane, yize kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukhukhamba unazo eziningi, izakhamizi eziningi zasehlobo azenzi izindlela zokuthibela zokuvimbela, okungenani ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali. Mhlawumbe, lokhu kunengqondo yayo: Ngifuna ukukhulisa imikhiqizo enobungani bemvelo. Kodwa-ke, okungenani kufanelekile ukusebenzisa amakhambi esintu: kungcono ukuvikela inhlekelele kunokusebenzelana nayo. Imiphumela emihle inikezwa ngokufafaza izitshalo nge izixazululo zomlotha nensipho. Ama-infusions ezitshalo ezahlukahlukene ayasebenza futhi: i-garlic, i-anyanisi husks, izimbabazane, umhlonyane, njll.

Ividiyo: enamathisela ukhukhamba endaweni eluhlaza

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Ukhukhamba wanoma yiluphi uhlobo kumele luqoqwe kaningi: mhlawumbe ngalo lonke usuku. Lokhu kudalwa hhayi ukuthi iqiniso ukukhula ngokweqile kukhulisa ikhwalithi yamahholo okugcina izithombo. Ukuvunwa kungavinjelwa kuvimbela ukuvela kwamaqanda okulandelayo futhi kunciphise isivuno sokonke. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukususa ukhukhamba wokuqala masisha ngangokunokwenzeka: akudingeki nokuthi zikhule zibe ngosayizi onemibandela.

Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza amandla amaningi, kuyadingeka ukuqoqa hhayi izithelo ezinhle kuphela: kubaluleke kakhulu ukususa “izithako” ngesikhathi: amakhukhamba ahlukahlukene anjengomlobo, imidwebo eluhlaza engafani nemvelo, yehlisa ukukhula, njll.

Kungcono ukungakhumuli noma yiluphi uhlangothi oluhlaza lapho usebenzisa izandla, ngenkathi ulimaza iziswebhu. Ukhukhamba kufanele usikwe ngokucophelela ngesikele noma ngama-secateurs, ngenkathi uzama ukushiya isiqu esitshalweni. Isikhathi esihle sosuku sokuvunwa kusesekuseni kakhulu noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusihlwa kusihlwa: ngalesi sikhathi, okuluhlaza okotshani yikudla okumnandi kakhulu, okumnandi, futhi kuzogcinwa isikhathi eside.

Izingwegwe ezinjalo zivimbela kakhulu i-fruiting, kufanele zibuthelwe ngokushesha

Ngeshwa, izinhlobo eziningi zamakhukhamba zigcinwa isikhathi esifushane kakhulu: iningi "elidlala isikhathi eside" lingalala esisele kuze kufike amasonto ama-3, kepha ikhwalithi yabo izokwehla kancane kancane. Isonto noma amabili ukhukhamba angalala esiqandisini, asongwe ngopulasitiki. Kwesinye isikhathi ukwamukela kusiza ekwandiseni impilo yeshalofu, kufaka phakathi ukuthi ukhukhamba usikwa kanye nesiqu bese uzifaka emanzini cishe njengezimbali, kepha izithelo zijulelwa ukuze, ngaphandle kwesiqu, kube ngu-1-2 cm kuphela wezithelo ezisemanzini.

Iphinde igcine ukhukhamba nefilimu yamaqanda amaqanda amhlophe, enziwa ngokumane kuhlanganiswe izinto eziluhlaza ngamaprotheni aluhlaza. Kepha noma yiziphi izindlela azikuvumeli ukuthi ugcine ukhukhamba unambitheka njengoba unjalo "ngokuqondile engadini."

Ikhukhamba, yize yaqhamuka emazweni afudumele, manje ibhekwa njengemifino yeqiniso yaseRussia, ivame ukuqhathaniswa nomuntu oqinile futhi onempilo: "njengekhukhamba!" Ngaphandle kwawo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ucabange ngengadi eyodwa eduze kwaseMoscow. Futhi, yize ukutshala ukhukhamba kunobuhlakani bayo, cishe zonke izakhamuzi zasehlobo zibandakanyeka kulokhu, futhi iningi lenza kahle.