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Iphakathi

Izingane eziphakathi kwezingane: incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, ukutshala nokunakekelwa

Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zehlobo zase-pears, i-pearl ye-Nursery ibhekwa njengokuqala, okuphawulekayo nangokunambitheka kwayo okwemnandi kanye nokuvunwa okuhle. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngezansi sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe izici zokukhuphula i-Nursery pear, ukuze umlimi ngamunye angayihlobisa icebo lakhe.

Umlando wokudala izinhlobo zezimapheya ezinganeni

Izithombo zokuqala eziphakathi kwe-Nursery ezihlukahlukene zatholakala kwi-All-Russian Nursery yaseMoscow, lapho ababeletha uJu. A. Petrov noN. V. Efimova basebenza khona. Ukuze uthole leli pey self-fruited, i-hybridi ye-interspecific enombolweni eyisishiyagalolunye futhi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezaziwayo zokuvuthwa kwehlobo zaseDyushesa zawela. Ngenxa yokuvuthwa okusheshayo okusheshayo nokunambitheka okumnandi kwezithelo ezinkulu, lezi zinhlobonhlobo seziye zanda futhi manje zikhulile ngokugcwele endaweni ephakathi kweRussia nakulo lonke elase-Ukraine.

Izinhlamvu zezinhlobo eziphakathi kwezingane

Ngokwezici zangaphandle, akulula ukuthola izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezingane, ngoba zombili isihlahla kanye nesimo sangaphandle sesithelo sinendlela ngezindlela eziningi ezifana nezinye izinhlobo zehlobo, ikakhulukazi ngeziKhwama ezihambisana nazo. Kodwa noma kunjalo kwezinye izici ezihlukile kufanelekile ukuyeka ukunakwa.

Incazelo yomuthi

I-pear yezingane yizinhlobonhlobo ezide kakhulu, ngoba ukuphakama komuthi kulezi ezihlukahlukene kufinyelela cishe ngamamitha ayi-3-4. I-Pearl Nursery ihlukaniswe ngokubunjwa kwangaphambili komqhele, okusemthini omdala unomumo we-pyramidal. Awekho amagatsha amaningi emgqeni, kodwa anamandla kakhulu futhi anzima. Emagatsheni kunomthamo omkhulu we-ringworms, lapho kutholakala khona i-fruiting encane kakhulu.

Amahlumela omuthi cishe cishe wonke abe nesimo esibushelelezi, alula. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baba mkhulu kakhulu, banamahlumela aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kusukela entwasahlobo, amagatsha agcwele amaqabunga aluhlaza. Ukuma kwamaqabunga kungama-oval, banesibhakabhaka ebusweni futhi behlangene kahle.

Uyazi? Inzuzo enkulu ye-Pear Tree Children is the longevity of the tree, okuyinto egcina ikhono layo lokukhiqiza isivuno esivulekile iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.

Incazelo yezithelo

I-Pear yezingane inokuvunwa okuphezulu, okuyiminyaka evumelana nayo ingafinyeleleka kumathani angama-50-60 ngamasimu engadini e-hektare elilodwa. Mhlawumbe lokhu akukona nje ngenxa yokwakheka kwezithelo eziningi, kodwa futhi ngenxa yobuningi be-pear ngayinye, engafinyelela ku-60-80 g ngayinye.

Futhi izici ezilandelayo zihambisana nezithelo zezinhlobonhlobo eziphakathi kwezingane:

  • ifomu elifushane eliphakathi kwamehlo namaparele aphakeme;
  • ubuso obunzima besikhumba;
  • umbala obala ophuzi obomvu obomvana;
  • i-stem iyinhlangano ebude nobukhulu;
  • i-calyx ephakathi;
  • imbewu incane, ibe nombala obomvu;
  • ayikho i-axial cavity.

I-pulp yalesi peyari inomthunzi wekhilimu, futhi ihluke kakhulu kumnandi we-juiciness nokunethezeka okuphezulu. Ngenxa yezici zokunambitheka lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyaziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba sesishilo kakade, phakathi kwezinhlobo zehlobo, i-Nursery pear inokuvuthwa kokuqala kwezithelo ezifanele ukusetshenziswa komuntu kusukela ngoJulayi futhi ziqhubeke zivuthwe kuze kube maphakathi no-Agasti. Ukuvuthwa okunjalo okungezona ngesikhathi kwenza izinhlobonhlobo ezichazwe kahle zifaneleke kangcono ekhaya hhayi ukulima okuningi.

Amapheya ahlanzekile afanele kokubili ukusetshenziswa okusha kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zokucubungula. Unomphefumulo omncane we-shelf, ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-ushukela epulp. Kodwa-ke, esiqandisini bazohlala bebukeka busha kuze kube inyanga eyodwa.

Ngokwemvelo, isilimu ngasinye sinesithakazelo embuzweni ukuthi ngabe impova iyadingeka yini i-nursery pear. Ngeshwa Lezi zinhlobonhlobo eziphakathi kwamapayipi ziyi-self-pollinating, ngakho-ke ukuba khona kwezinyosi kubaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni isivuno esikhulu. Uma uthenge umuthi oneminyaka eyedwa ubudala emtholampilo, khona-ke ukuqala kokuqhakaza kuzo kuzofika ngemva kweminyaka engama-4-5 kuphela. Nokho, emva kwalokhu izithelo ziyohlala zihle.

Izinzuzo nezimo ezihlukahlukene

Izimfanelo eziningi ezinhle ezikhoneni zase-Nursery sezivele zicacile kuncazelo yakhe, kodwa ukuze ekugcineni ziqiniseke ukuthi kunesidingo sokutshala lezi zimila engadini yethu, masiqaphele izinzuzo zayo uma siqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni:

  • ukuphikiswa okuhle kakhulu kokungahlali kwemvelo;
  • izivuno eziphakeme zamapheya amahle amnandi;
  • izici ezinhle kakhulu zezithelo zezithelo;
  • ukuvuthwa kokuqala.

Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlayiya ezinganeni kanye nokungahleleki kwazo. Uma siqhathanisa izithelo zawo nezinye izinhlobo, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi zibizwa ngokuthi ziphakathi, nakuba zinakekelwa kahle, ubukhulu besithelo bungakhula kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla zalesi sifunda zidinga ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile ngesimo sokusika izihlahla. Ngenxa yokudubula, kubuye kunconywe ukunciphisa ukuphakama kwesihlahla, futhi kuzokwenza amandla akhe amaningi ekwakheni izithelo.

Amanye ama-nuances okutshala ama-nursery amaparele

Izingane eziphakathi kwezingane zokutshala nokunakekelwa akuyona neze into ebalulekile, nakuba amanye ama-nuances okutshalayo ayadingeka azi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuthola umuthi omuhle wezithelo, kufanele uqale utshalwe futhi ukhule ube yisikhathi esihle.

Izinsuku zokufika nokukhethwa kwendawo

Ukuhlwanyela amapheya wezinhlobonhlobo zezingane kungatshalwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokunyuka kwamajusi emthini, noma ekwindla ngasekupheleni, lapho ukugeleza kwamanzi sekumile. Kodwa-ke, abalimi abaningi bafakazela ukuthi pear kangcono etshalwe ekwindla, ekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Izihlahla zasebhanini zihlala zihlala njalo engxenyeni eseningizimu yesayithi, nakuba zingathatha indawo empumalanga noma entshonalanga. Kungcono uma ukutshala kwePear Junior kuzokwenziwa ekuphakameni noma emthambekeni, kusukela lapho utshala endaweni ephansi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angase aphakame kakhulu ezimpandeni zomuthi, ngenxa yalokho angabulala (kumuntu omdala ophakathi kwe-Pear Junior, angangena ngaphansi kwe-6- 7 amamitha).

Ukuqapha okumele kubhekiswe enhlabathini: akufanele uhlanyele leli peyari endaweni enogwadule, enhlabathini yobumba noma esihlabathini, njengoba kungase kungabikho, kepha ngeke uphuphe nokuvunwa okuhle. Kulezi zihlukahlukene, izinhlobo zenhlabathi ezikhethwayo ziyi:

  • ihlathi elimnyama eliphansi;
  • umhlabathi omnyama

Kubalulekile! Uma ufisa, yiqiniso, ungakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzenzekelayo inhlabathi esakhiweni sakho ngokufanelekile ukutshala nokukhula kwamapheya wezinhlobonhlobo ze-Nursery. Ngalesi sizathu, ungawuxuba ngomhlabathi ovundile omnyama, noma ususe iningi lomhlabathi wemvelo uligcwalise endaweni yayo evundile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, sicela uqaphele ukuthi kuzodingeka ukuthi ukhule umhlabathi njalo ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba ekukhuleni kwepeyari kuzodinga izakhi eziningi kakhulu, ngakho-ke inhlabathi eyakhiwe ngokuhlakanipha iyoba masinyane.

Izinqubo zokulungiselela ngaphambi kokufika

Uma ufuna ukutshala izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya ezinganeni, khona-ke kunengqondo kakhulu ukukwenza lokhu ekwindla, okuzovumela umuthi ukuba "ubenze" futhi ube nokuphikisana kakhulu nezifo namazinga okushisa aphansi. Ukuphumula okuwukuphela kokufika okunjalo yisidingo sokulungiselela indawo yokuhlala yokugcina izithombo, okuyinto ebusika ingahlaselwa ngamagundane futhi ingase ihlupheke emazingeni aphansi okushisa. Kodwa njengoba ubunzima obunjalo bubulungiswa ngokugcwele, kusadingeka ukuthi kuhambisane ngqo nokufika okunjalo, lapho kulungiswa khona okudingekayo:

  1. Thenga isitopi esineminyaka emibili ubudala, ukhetha ikhophi engenayo izimpande ezomile noma ezibolile. Akufanele futhi kube khona ukulimala esihlahleni sembewu.
  2. Ngosuku olulandelayo ngaphambi kokutshala, isithombo sinconywa ukuba sisetshenziswe amahora angu-12 emanzini afudumele, okuzovumela izimpande ukuba zilulame futhi zilungiselele ukujwayela endaweni entsha yokukhula.
  3. Umgodi ulungiselelwe kusengaphambili - amasonto 3-4 ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu. Uma ulungiselela ukutshala kwentwasahlobo, khona-ke ukulungiswa komgodi kufanele kuqalwe ekwindla, okuzovumela inhlabathi ukuthi ikhule njengoba kungenzeka.
  4. Kubalulekile ukulungisa umgodi wokugibela ucabangela uhlobo lomhlabathi. Uma kufanelekile ipeyari, umgodi unganciphisa kancane umthamo wezimpande ngesayizi. Kodwa-ke, uma kunesidingo sokukhulelwa okunye, ubukhulu bomgodi kumele bube ngu-0.7 x 0.7 m ububanzi kanye no-1 imitha ejulile.
  5. Masinyane uthathe isigxobo phansi emgodini ukuze ukuhamba kwawo kufike okungenani ngamamitha angu-0.5 ngaphezu komhlabathi. Kuye sizobopha isithombo sembewu emva kokutshala.
  6. Emhlabathini owuthola emgodini, gcina cishe u-30 kg we-compost (ungathatha indawo ye-peat noma umquba, osuvele wakwazi ukuwuphapta), 1 kg we-superphosphate, 0.1 kg we-potassium chloride. Thela ingxenye yengxube etholakala phansi emgodini bese ugawula phansi, bese uthele konke okusele kwesilayidi eduze kwesikhonkwane.

Inqubo yokuhambisa isinyathelo

Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ukusinda kwensimu, ngaphambi kokutshala, kulungiselelwe, ulungise isitshalo sobumba lapho kuzofuneka khona ukwehlisa izimpande. Izimpande zesinamende ezimanzi ngale ndlela zibekwe ohlangothini olusenyakatho lwesigxobo esiqhutshelwa phansi phansi emgodini bese zisakaze phezu kwegundane, ngenkathi zizama ukubanika isikhundla semvelo. Ngemva kwalokhu, izimpande zigcwele inhlabathi evundile. Ukuvimbela umoya wokuqoqa umoya emgodini naphakathi kwezimpande, isithombo kumele sisitshenziswe kancane, kuqinisekiswe ukusabalalisa kwemvelo kwenhlabathi. Kubalulekile ukunyathelisa inhlabathi, ukuhamba ekuhambeni kwabo kusukela esihlahleni sembewu kuya emaphethelweni emgodi. Cabanga futhi ukuthi intamo yempande kulesi sigaba akumele iqhubekele phezulu, kodwa uma uchithela isithombo nge 2-3 amabhakede amanzi bese inhlabathi ihlala, kufanele iphele ngamasentimitha angu-4-5. Ekupheleni kokutshala, i-Pear pear tree seedling kumele imise imithi yonke. umbuthano. Ngalesi sizathu, ungasebenzisa i-peat, sawdust ne-humus, udala ungqimba lwe-mulch ka-5-10 cm. Ungakhohlwa ukubopha i-pear encane esigxotsheni.

Uma ukufika kuqhutshwa entwasahlobo, zonke izinhlayiya ezingenhla ziphindaphindiwe. Umehluko kuphela wukuthi isithombo asidingi uhlaka olunjalo lwe-mulch (ungenza ngaphandle kwalo). Ngesikhathi esifanayo kudingekile ukwenza i-hillock ezungeze isiyingi somuthi, okuzovimbela ukusakazeka komswakama, futhi njalo uchithe umuthi ngamabhakede amabili amanzi.

Amanye amathiphu okunakekelwa kwe-Pear Baby

Iningi lokuziqhenya ngokwabo lidinga umuthi omncane, ngoba uthola amandla futhi udinga ukutholakala okukhulu kwezakhi zomzimba ukukhula okukhulayo. Cabanga zonke izici zokunakekelwa.

Indlela yokuwazisa amapheya

Uma sikhuluma nge-sapling encane, khona-ke kusukela entwasahlobo kuzodingeka ukuchelela njalo. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akusho ukuthi umuthi uqobo kufanele udonswe ngamanzi. Umswakama kufanele uqaliswe njengoba inhlabathi yoma, futhi uma entwasahlobo idla ngokwanele futhi umuthi ubonisa zonke izimpawu zokuvuselela, bese ukuphuza kungagwenywa. Kuyafaneleka ukubuyela kubo ehlobo, lapho kusesimweni esishisayo ngeke kube yinto engafanele ukufaka amabhakede amabili amanzi ahlanzekile nsuku zonke ngomuthi ngamunye. Ekwindla, inani lokuchelela liyancishiswa, okuzovumela ukuthi isithombo siphume ngokushesha ukugeleza kwamanzi bese silungiselela ubusika.

Kuyini futhi nini ukutshala amapheya

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwendoda encane kuyadingeka njalo, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba uyenze yonke inkathi yezimila. Cabanga kuphela ukuthi eminyakeni emibili yokuqala le peyari ngeke idinge noma yimuphi ukudla okungeziwe nhlobo, ngoba ngesikhathi sokutshala usilethe inani elanele lezakhi. Kodwa emva kwalesi sikhathi unyaka kuzodingeka uchithe cishe ukuphakelwa okuyisihlanu:

  1. Kuze kube sekuqala ukugeleza kwamanzi, umuthi uchithelwa ngesisombululo se-urea. Uma kwakungenakwenzeka ukuyikhipha, i-nitrogen isetshenziswe ngaphansi kwesiqu, lapho isisombululo esifanayo kusuka ku-urea, nitrate noma kusuka kumquba wezinkukhu kungasetshenziswa.
  2. Ngo-Meyi, lapho izimbali ziphelile, umanyolo ohlaza usetshenziselwa ukumba ujubane ngo-10 cm, ongashintsha isisombululo se-Nitroammofoski ekuxilongweni kwe-1: 200. 3 amabhakede wesisombululo esinjalo kuyodingeka ngomuthi owodwa.
  3. Ukudla kwesibili nge nitrogen kwenziwa ekupheleni kukaJuni, kodwa kufanele kwenziwe nge-spliying foliar. Iphindaphindiwe ngoJulayi.
  4. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi, ngeke kube yinto engcono kakhulu ukuphakela leli peyari ne-phosphorus ne-potassium. Lawa mafutha asetshenziswa ngendlela yezixazululo ngaphansi kwempande.
  5. Maphakathi no-Septhemba, ukugqoka kokugcina kwenziwa, okunye okufakwe emthini ngesihlahla se-urea.

Indlela yokunciphisa ikhasi

Ukuze ulungise lo muthi wegadi, kufanele ukwazi imithetho elandelayo:

  1. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokusika izihlahla, kanti ijusi lingakafiki esihlahleni, futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya aliwi ngezansi -8 ° C.
  2. Ehlobo, ukusika izihlahla nakho kuvunyelwe, kepha kwenzeka uma kwenzeka ukuphuthuma - uma umqhele womuthi unzima kangangokuthi awuvumeli izithelo zivuthwe ngokulinganayo.
  3. Uma kudingekile ukuba uphonsele amahlumela aphezulu esihlahla, khona-ke lokhu kwenziwa nasehlobo, ngoJuni.
  4. Kuwe, ukusika izihlahla kwenziwa kuphela uma kudingekile ukususa amagatsha abonakalisiwe noma abagulayo. Kubalulekile ukwenza lokhu isikhathi eside ngaphambi kweqhwa, ngoba indawo eyinqunyiwe iyoba yinkinga kakhulu emakhazeni.
Kubalulekile! Ebusika, ukusika izikhonkwane akuvunyelwe, ngoba inqubo enjalo ingaholela ekufeni kwesihlahla.
Izihlahla zokuqala zingenziwa ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula kwesihlahla. Kwenziwe ukuze ushiye amagatsha emasipha kuphela emqhele bese uvumela ukuba bakha njengoba bunzima ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngonyaka wokuqala kunconywa ukunciphisa umqhubi wesikhungo, ukususa ingxenye yesine yobude bayo. Ngonyaka wesibili wokukhula kwamapayipi, umqhubi walo uzophinde afinyezwe ngu-25 cm, aqhubeke nokwenza umqhele, futhi anciphise ubude bamagatsha omzimba. Khumbula ukuthi, ngokusekelwe ubude bamagatsha asele, umqhele womuthi kufanele ube nomumo okhangayo we-pyramidal.

Ngokuqondene nokusika izinkuni ezindala, ngokuvamile kuhilela ukususwa kwamagatsha ngamunye, okuzokwenza kube lula futhi kuvuselele umqhele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kususwe amagatsha engeziwe, okunye, okunye, okukhiqizayo okuncane.

Indlela yokuvikela eliphakathi kwezifo nezinambuzane

Zonke izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya zitholakala eziningana zezifo, ukusindisa lapho umuthi omncane ensimini enkulu kungenakwenzeka. Ukucubungula okuwukuphela kwe-prophylactically, okuyinto ngisho nokwasaqala kwentwasahlobo yezihlahla nge-urea kungaba, kungasiza kulokhu. Uma ubambezele le nkinga kanti amafihle okokuqala avulekile kakade avele esihlahleni, esikhundleni salokho urea uzodingeka usebenzise amalungiselelo akhethekile (urea ungashisa izinso ezincane):

  • "Fitoverm";
  • "Agravertine";
  • "Akarin";
  • "Iskra-bio".
Kodwa uma ukuvimbela kungazange kuveze imiphumela futhi izibonakaliso zokuqala zezifo zavela esihlahleni, kufanele ziqedwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze zingabhubhisi isivuno sakho.

Uyazi? Kungcono ukutshala amapheya ensimini efanayo lapho i-rowan ikhula khona. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-ash ash ne-pear ishintshwe yizinambuzane ezifanayo, futhi zibhekene nezifo ezifanayo. Ngakho-ke, i-pear encane izoba nzima kakhulu ukuvikela ezifweni.
Kufanelekile ukuphawula ukuthi ebusika, amapheya ahlaselwa yizinambuzane ezingakwazi ukuqeda ngokuphelele ungqimba lwamahlathi avela esihlahleni. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, kunconywa ukugoqa iziqu kusukela emhlabathini kuze kube ukuphakama kuze kube semitha enephepha elimnyama noma indwangu, emva kokuwafaka ithuluzi elikhethekile elingasabisa ama-rodents. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukuphonsa esilinganisweni esikhulu seqhwa embuthanweni we-trunk.

Ukuvikela izihlahla ezincane kusukela ebusika ebusika

Ukumelana nokuqina kweqhwa kuphakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke umuthi omdala ungabanda ubusika endaweni ephakathi kwezulu. Kodwa lapha izithombo ezincane, ezitshalwe kuphela entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, zizodinga indawo yokuhlala edingekayo. Ngaphambi kokushisa kwezulu, kufanele nakanjani ziboshwe ngokuqinile ngangokunokwenzeka ngegatsha elisha lase-spruce ukuze izinaliti kuso ziqondiswe phansi. Phezulu kwalokhu kukhishwa kukhishwe i-burlap encane. Indawo yokukhosela kanye ne-layer encane ye-mulch izokuvikela ngokuqiniseka i-nursery pear seedling kusuka efrims namagundane.

Enye ingozi yomuthi omncane ebusika yindlela ephakeme yamagatsha aqhekeka ngaphansi kwesisindo seqhwa. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, amagatsha amancane anconywa ukuthi adonselwe ngetambo eqenjini futhi ahlanganiswe ngale ndlela kuze kube sehlobo. Uma lesi sihlahla singumuntu omdala, khona-ke kuzodingeka ugoqe iqhwa ngesandla. Sithemba ukuthi ulwazi olwethulwe lwenze ukuba uthandane nalezi zilwane ezihlukahlukene ezingamanzi eziphakathi kwamanzi nezimila, okuzosixazulula ngokushesha ensimini yakho. Uma unikeza isithombo ngokunakekelwa okufanele, emva kweminyaka engama-4-5 ungazama amapheya akho.

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