Izitshalo

Mogar Chumiza (bristle): ukunakekela isitshalo kanye nezakhiwo ezizuzisayo zokutshala utshani

Bristles, Mogar Chumiza, amagundane, setaria - wonke lawa magama abhekisela esitshalweni esifanayo i-Setaria italica, esitholakala ezindaweni ezise-steppe nasehlathini.

It has properties ewusizo, esetshenziswa kwezolimo, design landscape kanye nemithi yendabuko.

Sifunda okwengeziwe mayelana nokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo eziwusizo nezindlela zokukhula kwezibhamu.

Incazelo ye-botanical

I-Bristle - isitshalo saminyaka yonke somndeni wezitshalo. Ngokuqondile, izitshalo ezibushelelezi zikhula zodwa noma ezinhlangothini, zifinyelela ukuphakama kwama-20 cm kuya ku-1 m. Uhlelo oluyimpande oluthuthukile lufaka enhlabathini kumamitha angaphezu kweyodwa nengxenye kanye nobubanzi obungama-cm 30 kuya ku-80 cm.

Amaqabunga ahlala isikhathi eside, i-linear-lanceolate, ububanzi beqabunga kuya ku-15 mm. I-inflorescence ngesimo se-cone enesisindo ihlanganiswe ngama-crystal of color or green. Ubude be-inflorescence buvela ku-3 kuya ku-12 cm. Izithelo ziyizinhlamvu zesimo se-oval, isitshalo esisodwa sinika cishe imbewu eyizinkulungwane ezingu-7. Isakazwe yizimbewu, ezihlala zisebenza iminyaka engu-7.

Uyazi? Igama lesayense le-genus lapho isitshalo singalo, iSetaria, livela egameni lesiLatini elithi "seta", okusho ukuthi "bristle".

Spread

Ama-bristles asakazwa kabanzi kulo lonke elase-USSR yangaphambili, ikakhulukazi emgqeni we-chernozem. Ukhetha izindawo ezinhle kakhulu eziseduze nemifula kanye neminye imithombo yamanzi, emigwaqeni, ema-wastelands. Ikhula ezindaweni ezifudumele nezesibhakabhaka kuzo zonke amazwekazi, kubhekwa njengokhula emasimini okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu.

Idume kakhulu futhi ikhule eChina.

Ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali

Lesi sitshalo sinomkhiqizo ocebile: ama-macron and macronutrients, amavithamini, amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate, amafutha. Iqukethe isitashi eziningi, i-fibre yokudla, i-polyunsaturated fatty acids, i-mono - ne-disaccharides, amanzi.

I-Bristles icebile:

  • i-phosphorus,
  • potassium,
  • i-magnesium,
  • grey
  • i-calcium,
  • nge-sodium
  • insimbi.
Iqoqo elicebile lamavithamini eqenjini B (B1, B2, B6, B9), amavithamini A, E, beta-carotene kanye nesilinganiso esikhulu samavithamini PP enza i-bristles isitshalo esiwusizo kakhulu.

Izakhiwo eziwusizo

Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo, i-bristle iyisithombo esidingekayo empilweni yomuntu. Kungadliwa, okunconywa ngokukhethekile kubantu abadla imifino. Iprotheyini, engxenyeni ye-setaria, ayifani nokuhlelwa kwiprotheni yamabele, kodwa ayinalo gluten, ngakho-ke kulula ukugaya.

Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamavithamini weqembu B ne-magnesium kunomphumela omuhle esimweni semikhumbi, umsebenzi wenhliziyo, isimiso sezinzwa, kuncishisa ukucindezela, kunciphisa amazinga e-cholesterol. I-iron ivimbela i-anemia futhi ithuthukise umsebenzi wamaseli egazi, i-calcium iqinisa amathambo futhi ivimbela i-arthritis.

Kubalulekile! I-amino acid tryptophan e-bristles iyanciphisa ukudla futhi isisiza ukulahlekelwa amakhilogremu engeziwe.

Isicelo

I-Setaria isetshenziselwa imithi yendabuko, kwezolimo futhi njengesitshalo se-ornamental ku-landscape design. Izitshalo ezihlwabusayo futhi ezinempilo zingenziwa kusuka kumbewu yesitshalo, emanzini nasebisi, ezinomsoco nosawoti. Banganezelwa ekubhaka, futhi kusukela kufulawa - ukupheka ama-noodle. Imbewu ehlumayo iyasiza kakhulu, idliwe eluhlaza. Ngokuvamile basetshenziselwa ukwenza ubhiya, iwayini neviniga.

Ikakhulukazi amaningi ama-crystals asetshalwe eChina naseNdiya. Liyasetshenziswa kakhulu emithi yasempumalanga.

Emithi yokwelapha

Izakhiwo zokuphulukisa ze-setaria zisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwezifo eziningi emithi yokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ngesiShayina.

Imbewu yesitshalo iqukethe i-astringent esiza ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi wezinambuzane zamathumbu, isusa i-flatulence ne-colic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusuka kubo bathola:

  • i-diuretic ephumelelayo yokwelashwa kwezifo zesistimu ye-excretory;
  • isidakamizwa esithuthukisa umsebenzi wepeni;
  • anti-inflammatory and antiseptic.
Ukusungula ukusebenza kwelwane, i-willow emhlophe, isobho, ubusi lwe-chestnut, u-milk thistle, i-gentian, i-barberry, i-ulethisi, i-avran officinalis.
Ama-infusions kanye nama-decoctions ama-rhizomes akhuthaza ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba nokuvunywa kwamathambo ngesikhathi sokuphuka, angakwazi ukuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi, asize izinyoka nezinja zikhala, zivutha futhi zishaye.

Esikhathini semithi yesintu esempumalanga, ama-decoctions kanye nama-infusions we-setaria asetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ubuhlungu ku-rheumatism.

Uyazi? Amakati athande kakhulu amakati: uma egule, adla amaqabunga aluhlaza futhi awaphatha.

Ezolimo

Ama-bristles akhule ezindaweni ezifudumele nezomhlaba. Ezolimo, isetshenziselwa ifolda eluhlaza, ngesimo se-hay, silage ngemfuyo. Ikhulile futhi ukuze ikhiqize okusanhlamvu okunempilo nokunomsoco - ukudla okungcono kakhulu kwezilwane eziningi nezinyoni.

Lesi sitshalo siqukethe ushukela oluningi futhi sitholwa kalula. Kuyathokozisa ukudliwa yizilwane, emva kwalokho ukukhiqizwa ubisi lwezinkomo kukhula, izinkukhu ziqala ukondla kangcono.

Uhlamvu oluqukethe inani elikhulu lamaprotheni futhi lingasetshenziswa nje kuphela njengesitshalo sokudla, kodwa futhi njengesidlo sabantu.

Funda ukuthi ungakhulisa kanjani ummbila namakhaza we-silage, indlela yokudla okusanhlamvu.

Embonini

I-Setaria ithole isicelo sayo embonini yotshwala. Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa ubhiya, iwayini nezinye iziphuzo ezidakayo. Futhi ngesisekelo sokusanhlamvu kuveza uviniga, imvubelo kanye nesitashi.

Funda indlela yokwenza uviniga, i-cider, i-limoncello, i-liqueur yama-mint, i-mead, i-cherry juice, i-liqueur yama-raspberry, i-plum iwayini, i-rose petal iwayini, i-compote, i-jam, idiriyi kanye ne-currant emnyama.

Emklamo wezwe

Izitshalo zekhwalithi ezihlobisa ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukuklama komhlaba uma udala izingoma ezihlukahlukene. Ibukeka buhle kakhulu eduze kwechibini lokufakelwa futhi liqede ngokuvumelana ngokuvumelana namagquma ase-alpine.

I-spikelets enhle ne-fluffy ingaba umhlobiso kunoma yikuphi izimbali zezimbali. Ngokuvame ukusetshenziswa njengezimbali ezomile lapho kudala amalungiselelo embali.

Esikhathini esomile, i-amaranth, i-celosia, i-helihrizum, i-craspedia, i-gypsophila, i-miscanthus, i-statice, i-Volzhanka, i-hearthound, ne-lunaria ibonakala iyamangalisa.

Ukulungiselela izinto zokusetshenziswa

Lezi zitshalo ziqhakaza ngoJulayi-Agasti, phakathi nalesi sikhathi kuhlwanyelwe ukuvuna hay nobunzima obuhlaza. I-Hay kumele ivunwe ngokushesha nje lapho izi-spikelets ziqala ukuvela, ukuze zilondoloze inani eliphakeme lempahla ewusizo. Ubuningi obuhlaza buqukethe amavithamini amanengi, izakhi ezincane nezama-macro, ushukela.

Izinhlamvu zivunwa ekuqaleni kwekwindla, esigabeni sokuvuthwa okugcwele.

Ukulima

Ukuhlwanyela, kutuswa ukusebenzisa amasimu ahlanjululwe ukhula, lapho ibhali, ukolweni, nommbila bekhulile ngonyaka odlule.

Lesi sitshalo siyakuthanda ama-fertilizer amaminerali e-nitrogen nama-potashi, kungukumelana nesomiso nokungazitholi, ngokuvunwa okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane. Ikhula kahle nge-chernozem, kodwa ingatshalwa emhlabathini we-podzolic neshlabathi.

Ukulungiswa komhlaba

Emva kokuvuna insimu, insimu kumele isuswe ukhula, ihlanjululwe ekujuleni okungajulile okungaba ngu-8 cm, futhi ihlwanyelwe.

Ukuhlwanyela

Ukuze ulungiselele imbewu yokutshala, ahlolwe nge-formalin.

Kungenzeka ukuhlwanyela entwasahlobo, kuphela enhlabathini evuthayo. Lesi sitshalo sinyuka ngokulinganayo ekushiseni kuka 14-15 ° C.

Kubalulekile! Amahlumela amancane ama-crystal do not tolerate frost.
Imbewu yamaHay ihlwanyelwa ekujuleni kuka 2-3 cm, emigqeni eqinile enezinga lokutshala imbewu ka-20 kg ngehora elilodwa, bese liqhutshwa yi-roller.

Uma ama-crystals ekhulile okolweni, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa indlela yokuhlwanyela emigqeni eline-row ranging ka-30-40 cm kanye nesilinganiso sembewu ka-15 kg ngehora elilodwa.

Ukunakekela ukunakekela

Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile akudingi ukuhlwanyela, kwanele ukuhlanza njalo ukhula ukhulule inhlabathi. Kubalulekile futhi ukutshala isitshalo ekuqaleni kokulima.

Ukuvuna

I-Hay setaria isusiwe ngokushesha lapho ama-panicles eqala ukuphonswa. Ngemuva kokugaya endaweni ephakeme ka-6-8 cm, kungenzeka ukuvuna isitshalo sesibili ngemuva kokubuyela emuva.

Izinhlamvu zivunwa emva kokuvuthwa, lapho umbala we-spikelet uba mnyama.

Ukuthela

Enye yezimfanelo ezibalulekile ze-bristle - isivuno esikhulu. Kukhulu kakhulu kunezinye izitshalo zonyaka zokudla. Ngokwesilinganiso, amathani ayi-1.5-2 okusanhlamvu kanye namathani angama-30 obuhlaza obunzima angavunwa ngehektare ngalinye.

Ngakho-ke, sicabangela izimfanelo eziwusizo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesitshalo sonyaka esiwusizo kakhulu, safunda ngamakhemikhali ayo kanye nokuphulukisa. Ama-bristles ayinzima ukukhula, lesi sitshalo esingenakuqonda singasiza kakhulu kwezolimo. Ngalo, ungakha ama-bouquets amahle futhi wenze i-design landscape eyingqayizivele eduze nendlu noma indlu.