Izinkomo zokuzala ziwumsebenzi onenzuzo, kokubili epulazini yangasese nakwezinga lezimboni. Noma kunjalo, noma yisiphi isilwane sidinga ukunakekelwa, futhi ubukhulu obukhulu namanje abuqinisekisi ukukhuthazela nokuqina. Umnikazi wezinkomo udinga ulwazi oluhlukahlukene mayelana nezinselele zokuqukethwe kwamagceke abo. Lesi sihloko siqukethe izincomo zabasanda kufika ekuphatheni izilwane.
Imikhiqizo engcono kakhulu yokukhiqiza izinkomo emkhakheni wangasese
Umsebenzi wokuqala womlimi we-novice ukukhetha uhlobo lwezilwane, kuye ngokuthi isinqumo esikhethiwe.
Ubisi
Izinhlobo zezilwane ezivame kakhulu zilandelayo:
- Golshtinsky - Uhlobo lwaseNyakatho Melika, oluvame kakhulu emapulazini aseYurophu, nasemapulazini angasese aseSoviet Union yangaphambili. Ikhwalithi enhle kakhulu yobisi - okuqukethwe kuka-3,7%, amaprotheni athatha u-3.2%, inani lobisi oluvela kumuntu oyedwa ngonyaka ngu-6500-7000 kg.
- Jersey - omunye wabakhulu kunabo bonke, owabelethwa e-UK, uguqulela kalula kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu. Naphezu komkhiqizo omncane wobisi kuze kufike ku-3300 kg ngonyaka, ubisi luyigugu ngokuqukethwe kwawo okunamafutha nokunambitheka okumnandi, kwenza ukhilimu ongcono. Izimpawu zobisi - okuqukethwe kwamafutha 5.8%, amaprotheni 4%, ushukela 4.7%.
- Simmental - ukwelashwa okungazenzisi, okulungile kumafamu amancane. Ishintshwe esimweni sezulu esiyingozi, asidingi ukudla okuningi. Ikhwalithi yobisi - okuqukethwe kuka-fat 3.8%, amaprotheni 3.3%, ishukela 4.8%, ukukhiqiza ubisi 3500 kg ngonyaka.
- I-Yaroslavskaya - inzalo ethandwayo emakhaya aphansi, ukukhiqiza kuze kube ngu-5 000 kg ubisi ngonyaka, amaphesenti amafutha 4%, amaprotheni 3.5%. Ubisi buhle, buqukethe u-4.7% ushukela.
Ngenyama
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zibhekwa njengezikhiqiza kakhulu ekuqondiseni inyama:
- I-Hereford - edumile ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okunamandla kwesilwane esinezinyosi. Isisindo senkomo ekubelethweni singama-26-34 kg, inzuzo yesisindo yansuku zonke i-700-1200 g, ukubulawa kwezinyanga kuyinyanga ezingu-18. Isisindo: izinkunzi zezinkunzi - 850-1000 kg, izinkomo - 550-650 kg; inyama isivuno 62%.
- I-Belgian Blue Cow - Kubhekwa njengento ekhiqiza kakhulu, inyama ingabizwa ngokuthi yokudla ngenxa yamanoni amancane. Ekuzalweni, isisindo sinama-kg angu-50, inzuzo yesisindo nsuku zonke ifika ku-1500 g. Ezinyangeni ezingu-15 ubudala, isisindo sesisindo sesilinganiso esingu-1100 kg, nesisindo sethole ngu-800 kg; inyama ekhishwe ekuhlatshweni 80%.
- Uhlobo lwesi-Kian - ekuqaleni kwase-Italy, kubhekwa njengenye yezinkulu kakhulu. Isisindo senkomo ekubelethweni singama-48 kg, inzuzo yesisindo ifika ku-1400 g. Ezinyangeni ezingu-15, isisindo senkunzi sinama-1300-1600 kg, inkomo isisindo sika 900 kg; inyama isivuno 65%.
- I-Auliekol - eyakhiwe eKazakhstan, inyama ye-marble ayinamafutha amaningi. Amathole asanda kuzalwa anesisindo esingama-25 kg, isisindo somzimba nsuku zonke sifika ku-1700 g. Uma uneminyaka eyi-16-18, isisindo senkunzi sinama-1050 kg, isisindo sesithole singama-550 kg; inyama isivuno 63%.
Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa
Ukukhiqizwa kwezilwane kuxhomeke ekunakekeleni umnikazi okwenziwe ekunakekeleni. Ipulazi iqala ngokuhlelwa kwendawo yokuhlala yamagada wesikhathi esizayo - lapho izinkomo zizochitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwazo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukucabangela ngokucophelela yonke imininingwane.
Sincoma ukuthi ucabange izindlela zokugcina izinkomo, futhi uthole izinzuzo nezinkinga zokuhlala ezikhungweni zezinkomo.
Imingcele ecacile kanye nelungiselelo lezinqolobane
Emapulazini amancane, kusetshenziselwa izindlu eziningi zokuhlala, okungukuthi, abaxhasi nabaphuzi abavamile bafakwe ekamelweni, kanye nezinkuni lapho izinkomo zizophumula khona. Igumbi lakhiwe ngesisekelo se:
- isikhala esidingekayo umuntu oyedwa - amamitha ayisithupha. m;
- for female nge ithole - amamitha ayisishiyagalolunye. m
Iphansi limbozwe ungqimba olujulile lotshani noma utshani nge-peat, phansi ngokwalo kufanele kube nomthambeko wokugeleza kwamanzi. Kunconywa ukwenza amafasitela amakhulu ekukhanyeni kwemvelo nokukwazi ukuvuselela igumbi uma kunesidingo.Iziphuzo zokuphuza kufanele zenziwe ngabanye ukuze izilwane zingasondeli eduze kwamanzi, ziphazamisane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzovimbela ukutheleleka kwabantu uma umuntu oyedwa egula.
Sincoma ukuthi ufunde mayelana nokwenza abaphuza izinkomo ngezandla zabo.
Iziphakeli zingenziwa ngokuzimela - ngokuvamile zenziwe ngokhuni, ngoba zihlala ziqinile. Isitsha esiphelile sishiswa ngaphandle komlilo, esikunika amandla. Ukuqapha okukhethekile kubhalwa ekrethini.
Kumelwe kwenziwe ngokucabangela izici zesilwane - kaningi emangqamuzaneni amancane, izinkomo zibopha izimpondo futhi zingalimala. Abondli benza izinhlobo ezimbili: ngenxa ye-roughage neyokuhlaza (hay). Faka kubo endaweni ephakeme cishe ngo-70 cm ukusuka phansi. 
Izimo zokuboshwa
Ukuze inkomo ingahle ilahlekelwe umkhiqizo, idinga ukushisa kombuso othile - 10-20 ° C. Igumbi kumele lifakwe ngaphakathi ebusika; Imidwebo ayifakiwe. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, uhlelo lokuphuza umoya lufakwe ngama-dampers kanye nokuvikelwa emvula.
Ukuze kuzalwe ngempumelelo izinkomo, izimo ezikhululekile zokugcina ziyadingeka. Funda indlela yokwakha inqolobane, nendlela yokwenza i-corral ne-ventilation egodini ngezandla zakho.
Igumbi kufanele likhanyiswe. Ukuze unikeze ukukhanya kwemvelo, amafasitela akhiwe eningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Ebusika, ukukhanya kwelanga kuqhubeka isikhathi eside ngosizo lokukhanyisa okufakelwayo.
Kubalulekile ukucabanga ngepeni lokuhamba eduze nenqolobane: izilwane zidinga ukuhamba okungenani amahora amabili ngosuku, azihambisani nezilwane ezifuywayo kuphela kwiqhwa elibi. 
Isitoreji esidingekayo
Emva kokwakhiwa kwenqolobane kufanele inakekele igumbi lokugcina lokudla. Awukwazi ukugcina utshani, okusanhlamvu noma izimpande emgodini ngokwawo: zidla ngezinhlamba zemikhiqizo yemfucuza, ziqoqa umswakama futhi ziqala ukuwohloka.
Kubalulekile! Ukugcinwa kokuhlanzeka komnikazi nomsebenzi wepulazi - isiqinisekiso sempilo yezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngezicathulo noma izingubo ungaletha amabhaktheriya amanengi amaningi, imiphumela engabhekene nayo ikakhulukazi nentombazane engavunyelwe.
Kumele futhi unakekele ukufakwa kwezinto, okungasiza ekusebenzeni namawadi. Uzodinga:
- izilinganiso (ukulawula inzuzo yesisindo sezilwane ezincane);
- amabhakede;
- iforamu;
- ifosholo elishayo;
- i-rake;
- amafoloko;
- ukupakisha kwemikhiqizo nokuphakelayo;
- amabhulashi amawadi;
- ama-overalls nezicathulo.
Ukuhlanza nokunakekelwa
Ukuze umuthi ungangcoliswa, udoti luguqulwa kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, kuze kube yilapho lungcolile. Nsuku zonke, izinkabi ziboshiwe futhi zigeze ngamanzi afudumele endaweni eseduze nomdanso. Ukuvimbela i-mastitis ezintshontsheni, ukulala kuhlanganiswe noqweqwe olujulile, oluqinile.
Funda mayelana nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani imfuyo enhle yobisi, futhi uthole nokuthi ungaphila kangaki inkomo ukuze uthole ubisi obukhulu.
Kubalulekile ukuhlanza njalo abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ukuze bangaboni ama-bacterial putrefactive. Kubalulekile ukuhlola njalo nokuhlanza amapayipi okuphuza umoya ukuze uthuli luhlangane nabo lungangeni emoyeni omusha.
Iphansi lendwangu nemifudu ihlanzwa kabili ngosuku, igumbi akufanele ligcwale iphunga. Kanye ngesonto emgodini benza ukuhlanza umhlaba jikelele ngokuphatha igumbi nge-caustic soda noma i-lime e-slaked. 
Ukudla izinkomo ekhaya
Isisekelo sokudla kwezinkomo yi-fodder eluhlaza, kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okuphelele, udinga ukwazi umehluko wonyaka.
Ihlobo lihamba edlelweni
Okuqukethwe kwasehlobo kuqhutshwa ikakhulukazi emadlelweni. Izinsuku zemvula zinikeza indawo yokuhlala lapho amawadi angalinda khona isimo sezulu esibi. Ngalesi sikhathi, isisekelo somsoco - amakhambi aluhlaza, kodwa futhi akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokugqoka. I-Burenkam inikeza imifino nezithelo, okusanhlamvu okuvela ekudleni noma ukukhipha konke, noma ukunciphisa okungenani.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokudla emadlelweni amasha, qiniseka ukuthi ayikho utshani obunobuthi besilwane: henbane, i-wort yaseSt. John, i-buttercups, ne-dope.
Ukudla kwebusika
Ukudla okubandayo kuhlanganisa imikhiqizo elandelayo:
- inhlanzi;
- imifino impande, imifino;
- i-silo;
- izingxube zokusanhlamvu nokuphakelayo;
- amaminerali nama-vitamin complexes.
Njenge-roughage esebenzisa utshani lwe-oatmeal noma ibhali, intwasahlobo ingcono. Kunconywa ukuvuna utshani otshanini phakathi nesikhathi sokuhlelwa kwebhodlela, nokusuka kokusanhlamvu ngesikhathi sokutholwa. Uma udliwa yimifino noma imifino, ihlolwe ngokubola, ihlanzwa. Uma umkhiqizo usubisiwe, kufanele uqale ukuchithwa, ngaphandle kwalokho kungabangela ukuvinjelwa nokuhlushwa.Funda mayelana nokuthi ungadla kanjani izinkomo ezomile nobisi.
Njengomthombo wezondlo ekudleni wengeze:
- umugqa;
- ikhekhe;
- Ukudla okusanhlamvu kwesibhakabhaka.
Izithasiselo zamanzi nosawoti ku-briquettes
Izinkomo kufanele zihlale zifinyelela emanzini amasha. Ngokwesilinganiso, isilinganiso sansuku zonke ngabanye cishe ngamalitha angu-100, isiphuzo sezinkukhu siphuza ngisho nangaphezulu. Ebusika, amanzi kufanele abe sezingeni lokushisa.
Izinkomo kumele zinikezwe usawoti:
- ebusika, amathisipuni ama-2-3 ngamakhilogremu angu-5 ephakelayo anikezwa kuphakelayo;
- ehlobo baya emadlelweni ase-briquettes.
Ukwawoti kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinqubo zokugaya ukudla, futhi kuyisisombululo sokuqala sezifo zamathumbu, kanye nesici esibalulekile ekwakheni amathambo amathambo ezinkomo ezincane.Uyazi? Impendulo yekhala yenkomo iyingqayizivele njengeminwe yomuntu. Lokhu kusetshenziswa abalimi baseMelika lapho befuna izilwane ezifuywayo.
Ukugonywa
Ukugonywa kwamagceke kuzobahlinzeka ngokuzivikela ezifweni eziningi, baqala ukususelwa ezinsukwini eziyishumi ubudala. Ngakho, uhlu lwamagciwane ahleliwe:
- Izinsuku ezingu-10 - paratyphoid, ephindaphindiwe ezinsukwini ezingama-20 ubudala;
- Izinsuku ezingu-30 - inkimbinkimbi evela ezifo ezithathelwanayo ezithathelwanayo "Kombovak", ephindaphindiwe emva kwezinsuku ezingu-15;
- Izinsuku ezingu-50 - pasteurellosis, phinda emva kwezinsuku ezingu-20;
- Izinsuku ezingu-77 - ukulahla, ukuvuselela emva kwezinsuku ezingu-13;
- Izinsuku eziyi-100 - i-anthrax (kanye);
- Izinsuku ezingu-110 - leptospirosis, revaccination emva kwezinsuku ezingu-15;
- Izinsuku ezingu-135 - carbuncle emphysematous, emkar (kanye);
- izinsuku eziyikhulu ngaphambi kokukhipha - colibacteriosis, phinda emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10;
- Izinsuku ezingu-80 ngaphambi kokukhipha - paratyphoid, phinda emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10;
- Izinsuku ezingu-50 ngaphambi kokukhipha - Umgomo wokugoma "Kombovak", u-revaccination emva kwezinsuku ezingu-30.
Ngisho nepulazi encane idinga ukunakwa njalo kumnikazi. Amaphutha avela eceleni kwezokunakekelwa noma okudlayo azoholela ekunciphiseni komkhiqizo - ngakho-ke, uma uqala umsebenzi, udinga ukubala ngokufanele isikhathi sakho namathuba. Kodwa-ke, ngokuzikhandla ngokufanele, ipulazi likhokhela ngokushesha izimali ezibekwe kulo.
