I-Oncidium isitshalo esintekenteke futhi esihle kakhulu somndeni wama-Orchidaceae. I-Epiphytic, lithophytic kanye nabamele abasemhlabeni bayatholakala kuhlobo. Le mbali idumile kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi ngenxa yezimbali ezinde neziningi. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, izimbali ezimbalwa ezincane ziyaqhakaza ku-peduncle, okuthi, njengomhlambi wamabhu, ukudonsa ngaphezulu kwamahlamvu. Amanye ama-botanists awaqhathanisi izimbali nama-butterflies, kepha onodoli abamangalisayo abadansa, abagqotshwe ezintanjeni ezingabonakali. Ngakho-ke, i-oncidium ibizwa nangokuthi "onodoli abadansa." Kodwa-ke, akulula kangako ukufeza izimbali; imithetho yokunakekelwa kufanele ibhekwe ngokuqinile.
Incazelo yeBotanical
I-Orchid oncidium iyi-herbaceous perennial ehlala emahlathini aqhakazile ashisayo endaweni ephakeme aze afike ku-4 km. Izinhlobo zomuntu ngamunye zingahluka kakhulu. Lesi sitshalo sine-rhizome emfishane noma ende, ehunyushelwa ukuze ilungiswe endaweni enamatye noma ehlathini. Ama-pseudobulbs wefomu oblong, embozwe isikhumba esiluhlaza esikhanyayo, aphakama ngaphezu kwezimpande zezimbali.
Ukuphakama kwengxenye yomhlaba kungamasentimitha ayi-10- 40. Kusuka kuyi-pseudobulb ngayinye, amaqabunga ayi-1 kuya kwayi-3 aluhlaza aqhakaza aluhlaza aqhakaza. Amapuleti eqabunga le-oncidium le-dense anesimo esinjengebhande enezinhlangothi ezibushelelezi kanye nesiphelo esiyindilinga. Ngokuya ngobude bendawo (emagqumeni), ama-orchid ahlukaniswe othandekayo wokushisa nobandayo. Uma amaqabunga angaphambili enesakhiwo esiqinile futhi esiminyene, khona-ke lawo makhasi ahlukaniswa ngamaqabunga amancanyana futhi athambile.
Ukuqhakaza kwe-oncidium kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka kabili ngonyaka. I-inflorescence iqukethe imivimbo engu-brownish eqinile egatsheni elinamandla. Ubude be-peduncle eyodwa bungaba ngu-0-5-5 m Izimbali ezincane ezikhanyayo zitshalwe ngokuqinile emagatsheni. Umbala wabo oyinhloko uphuzi, onsundu futhi ubomvu. Ingquza evuthayo ene-pubescence emfushane itholakala ezindebeni ezinomzimba wesigingci. Ububanzi bentyatyambo evulekile bungaba ngu-1 ukuya ku-12 cm. Isixha se-oncidium siyohlala esiqeshini samaviki amathathu.
Izinhlobo ze-Oncidium
Uhlobo lwe-oncidium luningi kakhulu, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezulu kuka-700 ezihlanzekile ezibhalisiwe kulo. Abafuyi baphinde bazala izinhlobo ezithile zokuhlobisa.
I-Oncidium Suite Ushukela. Isitshalo siyahlukahluka ngamafomu acwebile. Noma ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukuphakama kwaso akudluli ku-35 cm. Ama bulbs amancane acindezelwa ngokuqinile komunye nomunye futhi adedele amaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakazile. Ububanzi bentyatyambo bungama-3 cm, amacembe awo apendwe aphuzi.
I-Oncidium yinhle. Isitshalo sinamaqabunga aqinile aqinile. Zikhothwe yisikebhe, zipendwe ngemibala eluhlaza nobubomvana. Ngama-straight, ngamagatsha angavamile e-peduncle atholakala izimbali eziphuzi ezi-15-20 eziphuzi. Ububanzi behlumela ngu-5-8 cm.
I-Oncidium iphuzi. Uhlobo lwama-orchid angakhumbuli futhi athandwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza lumbozwe izimbali eziningi zomthunzi welamula.
I-Oncidium Lanza. Amaqabunga enyama anendawo engenhla elula futhi ephansi emnyama. Eduze nemiphetho, amabala amancane ansundu ayabonakala. Kwi-peduncle ende kunezimbali eziningi ezinamakha aphuzi-aluhlaza. Izindebe ezibanzi zimhlophe ngombala omhlophe-pink
I-Oncidium Twinkle. Le orchid encane ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza imbozwe izimbali eziningi ezincane ezinobukhulu obungamasentimitha ayi-1.5. Amaphara awo adwetshwe ngombala omhlophe, ophuzi noma opinki. Isitshalo siyamelana namazinga okushisa aphansi.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ekhaya, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-oncidium kwenziwa ngendlela yokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Isikhathi esihle sale nqubo nguFebhuwari-Mashi. I-orchid ekhula ngokweqile okufanele ihlukaniswe ukuze okungenani ama-pseudobulbs amathathu aqhubeke ekwabelweni ngakunye. Okokuqala, yomisa ngokuphelele i-substrate bese ukhulula izimpande kuyo. Usebenzisa i-blade oyinyumba ebukhali, udinga ukusika isiqu esifushane esixhuma ama-bulbs. Indawo yokusikwa ifafazwa ngamalahle achotshoziwe futhi ngokushesha itshalwe izihlahla engxenyeni entsha.
Ngemuva kokukhiqizwa kabusha, i-oncidium akufanele iniselwe izinsuku ezingama-7-12, ukuze ukubola kwezimpande kungakhuli kumasayithi asikiwe. Ukunisela kwenziwa ngokufafaza ingaphezulu lesitshalo.
Imithetho Yokudlulisa
Ukufakelwa kwe-oncidium kwenziwa njengoba kudingeka, ngoba inqubo enjalo ibekezelelwa kabuhlungu yi-orchid. Uma inhlabathi iqala ukubola noma izimpande ziphuma zingene emigodini yokudonsa, i-orchid iyasuswa ebhodweni futhi ikhululwe ngokuphelele enhlanganisweni yenhlabathi endala. Ungathambisa ngisho nesiqalo okwesikhashana ukuze ususe izingxenye zomhlaba ezinamathelayo. Imbiza ithathwa ibanzi futhi ingajulile. Ukukhetha isitsha esibonakalayo akudingekile. Qiniseka ukuthi wenza izimbobo zokudonsa amanzi ngaphansi futhi uthele ungqimba olubanzi lwamatshe abunjiwe noma izitini ezibomvu eziphukile. Inhlabathi ye-orchid yakhiwa ngezinto ezinjalo:
- amagxolo kaphayini oqoshiwe;
- izingcezu zamalahle;
- isihlabathi somfula;
- sphagnum moss;
- chalk.
Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, ingxenye ephezulu yesithathu ye-pseudobulb ishiywe ngaphezu komhlabathi.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Oncidium
Ukunakekela i-orchid oncidium ekhaya kudinga ukunamathela ngokuqinile ekuniseleni nasezingeni lokushisa. Ukuze isitshalo sithokozise ngezimbali eziningi, kubalulekile kakhulu ukuqinisekisa isikhathi esifanele. Ekwindla, lapho i-oncidium isiphelile, kubalulekile ukunciphisa kancane kancane ukuthambisa ngangokunokwenzeka futhi wehlise izinga lokushisa lomoya ngo-3-5 ° C. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-2-3 kwalokhu okuqukethwe, i-orchid ibuyiselwa kancane kancane ezimweni zayo ezijwayelekile futhi ngokushesha kuvela i-peduncle elindelwe isikhathi eside.
Isibani I-Oncidium ithanda izibani ezikhanyayo namahora amade wemini unyaka wonke. Ebusika, isibani se-fluorescent singadingeka. Ehlobo elishisayo, kungcono ukufihla kancane amaqabunga elangeni eliqondile lasemini.
Ukushisa Izinga lokushisa lomoya elikhulu lezinhlobo ze-thermophilic ngu + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Izinhlobo ezibandayo ezibandayo zidinga ukunikeza + 7 ... + 15 ° C. Ehlobo, kufanele uvule umoya egumbini, kepha uvikele ngokucophelela i-oncidium kusuka kokusalungiswa nokupholisa ebusuku obalulekile.
Umswakama. Abakhileyo kuleli hlathi lemvula badinga umswakama ophakeme womoya, futhi izinhlobo ezintsha ze-hybrid zihambisana kahle nezimo zezindlu zasemadolobheni. Kunconywa ukufafaza umqhele ngezikhathi ezithile ngamanzi afudumele ahlanzekile. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, le nqubo ingathatha indawo yokunisela. Lapho kupholisa ukufika ku-18 ° C, ukufafaza kuyamiswa.
Ukunisela. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo nezimbali, i-orchid idinga ukuthambisa okuningi. Ukunisela okungaphezulu kukhethwa lapho amanzi ethelwa epanini noma amabhodwe afakwa kancane emgqonyeni wamanzi. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ukunisela okukodwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-20-25 kwanele.
Umanyolo. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, i-oncidium iphekelwa ngamaculo e-lime amaminerali ama-orchid asetshenziswa kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20. Isixazululo sisetshenziswa enhlabathini. Kufanele ukhethe izakhiwo ezinokuqukethwe okuningana kosawoti we-nitrogen.
Izifo nezinambuzane. Imvamisa, i-oncidium inezifo ezibangelwa izimpande noma isifo sefungal esiqwini kanye namaqabunga. Isizathu silele ekuniseleni okungafanele noma ekuqokeleleni uketshezi kumanono. Ehlobo, ama-orchid avame ukukhathazwa yizinambuzane ezikhulukazi, izibungu zesicabucabu kanye nama-aphid. Ukusuka kwizinambuzane, kungcono ukwenza ukwelashwa kokuvinjwa kwentwasahlobo.
