Abalimi bezinkomo bayazi ukuthi ukukhiqiza kwabo kuthonywe iminyaka, ukuzalwa, impilo yonke yezilwane, ukudla okunempilo, kanye nezinye izici eziningi. Phakathi kwabo - ukuma nobukhulu bomdanso. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho banombono wokuthi yini izigulane ezinomama okufanele zibe khona ukuze kutholakale ubisi obuningi kakhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inkomo izoba nezinga eliphakeme lobisi lokukhiqiza, ziqondwa kalula ngokubonakala kwezigulane. Sinikeza wena ukuba ujwayelane nesakhiwo sobuningi, izinqubo zokwakheka nokukhishwa ubisi.
Isakhiwo esibi
Udder yilungu leenkomo lapho kubisiwe ubisi. Kukhona izingxenye ezimbili kulo - izilonda ezinamamitha ezihamba phambili nangakwesobunxele. Izingxenye zihlukaniswa ngokwahlukana okuphakathi. Ezingxenyeni ngayinye kukhona ama-lobes amabili - anterior futhi posterior, okungenziwa athuthukiswe ngokungenalutho. Ngokuvamile, ubisi obuningi buyakhiwa ku-lobes posterior kunezingaphambili, lokhu kungenxa yokuqukethwe alveoli ngaphezulu kubo. 
Umdwebo wesigaba somzimba nesibindi: 1 - imifino ejulile, imishanguzo ejulile, ama-3 - ama-skeleton (stroma), izicubu ezine-glandular (parenchyma), ama-5 - ama-vein ane-artificial and arteries, ama-milk - 6-tank , 8 - ingxube ye-ingono, 10 - ingxube yezinyosi, ama-11 - amathanga ebisi, i - 12 - i-alveoli, ama - 13 - ama-nervo, ama - 14 - myoepithelium, ama - 15 - amangqamuzana angama-secretory, ama-16 - amaqembu e-alveoli.
Ifomu elimnyama izinhlobo ezintathu zezicubu: ezibuhlungu, ezinamafutha, ezixhumayo. Izicubu ezithandayo zakhiwa yi-alveoli. Izicubu ezixhumene nazo zenza umsebenzi wokusekela, futhi zivikela ububele emiphumeleni emibi yemvelo, izintambo zalo zihlukanisa isilwane esenza ubisi lwe-cow e-lobes.
Isabelo ngasinye sihlanganisa:
- izicubu ezinamahloni;
- izicubu ezixhunyiwe;
- ubisi obisi;
- imikhumbi;
- izinzwa.
Funda indlela yokuphatha kahle ukukhukhumeza kwesisu emfuyweni.
Ukusakazwa kwegazi
Uhlelo lwe-circulatory of the udder luboniswa ngu:
- imishanguzo ye-perineal;
- Umthambo ongaphandle wokuphikisana nomvuthwandaba;
- i-vein ne-artery ye-tank yobisi;
- i-vein abdominal vein yangaphakathi.
Ngokusebenzisa imithwalo yegazi, igazi lingena emgodini we-mammary, ngokusebenzisa imithanjeni - ibuyela enhliziyweni. Imishanguzo ihlala ejulile, ayikwazi ukubonwa, kodwa imifino ibonakala ngokucacile ebusweni bomdanso. Amandla omzimba angaphansi kwamandla omzimba, okubonakala kahle, abizwa ngokuthi ama-milky, futhi ubukhulu bawo bubeka ubisi lwezinkomo - ezinkulu, zikhuphula isivuno sobisi.Uyazi? EGibithe lasendulo, izinkomo azizange zihlatshelwe, ngoba zazibhekwa njengezilwane ezingcwele zithikazikazi zezulu noHathor wokuzala.
Kungcono uhlelo lwe-circulatory olusungulwe ku-mammary gland, lapho lukhona amagatsha amaningi, lungcono kakhulu olunikezwa izakhi kanye ne-oxygen.
Uhlelo lymphatic
Uhlelo lwe-lymph lokujikeleza luqala endaweni ye-alveoli, okuzungeze izikhala ze-lymphatic kanye nezikhala. Ukuqoqwa kwe-lymph kwenzeka ezitheni ze-interlobular. Kamuva igeleza i-lymph nodes ibe emthonjeni we-lymphatic bese ihamba ngomgwaqo we-thoracic ungena e-vena cava. 
Ezingxenyeni ezincelisayo kukhona izitsha eziningi ze-lymph flow. I-lobe ngayinye iqukethe i-lymph nodes ubukhulu be-walnut. I-lymph itholakala kuzo yizikebhe, enye yazo ixhunywe nesimiso sokujikeleza kwe-lymphatic ye-rectum kanye nezitho zangasese, kanti enye i-lymph nodes inguinal.
Imizwa
Esikhumbeni, ezinsikeni, e-alveoli kuneziphetho eziningi ezinomthelela ezithinta ukucasuka okwenzeka emgodini we-mammary, futhi uzibike ebuchosheni. I-receptors ezwela kakhulu kunazo zonke zitholakala ezingeni. Umthambo womgogodla obomvu uhlangene namagatsha ensimbi, okuyinto igatsha libe yinkimbinkimbi encane eyenza izimpawu ezisuka ohlelweni lwezinzwa eziphakathi. Izindebe zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukiseni i-mammary gland, kanye nobisi obisiwe. 
I-follic folk
Izicubu ezinamahloni zakhiwa yi-alveoli noma i-follicles ngendlela yama-sacs amancane. Ngaphakathi ziqukethe amaseli ngendlela yama-asterisks, obhekene nokukhiqizwa ubisi. Ngesizo samathambo lapho amangqamuzana afanayo ase-stellate atholakalayo, i-alveoli ixhumano namathanga ebisi. Lezi ziteshi zidlulela ebhakathini lobisi, futhi ithangi lixhumana ne-ingono.
I-follicles yobisi inendawo enkulu yokusebenza, uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lomsebenzi. Basabela ngokuphawulekayo ekushintsheni imvelo futhi bashintshe njalo emva kokulahlwa. Ku-alveoli ngaphambi kokuba inqubo yokubamba iqhaza iqale ukuthi u-50% ubisi uqoqa (kufika ku-25 amalitha). Ama-50% asele aqukethwe emathini, i-tank yobisi nezinsipho.
Funda futhi mayelana nokubamba inkomo.
Ama-Nipples
I-lobe ngayinye ine-nipple eyodwa. Ngokuvamile, izinkomo zingatholakala ezinsikeni ezingu-5 no-6, ezinganikeza ngisho nobisi oluncane. Udder kuthathwa njengokuhle uma izingono zalo zingamakhulu afanayo - kusuka ku-8 ukuya ku-10 cm ubude futhi ububanzi buka-2 kuya ku-3 ububanzi, ukuma kwe-cylinder, ukulala phansi futhi ukukhulula ubisi ngokuphelele uma ucindezelekile. I-ingono ikhiphe isisekelo, umzimba, ipepe kanye nengxenye ye-cylindrical. Izindonga zalo zakha isikhumba, izicubu ezixhunyiwe, izibungu zamangqamuzana. 
Ngaphezulu kukhona i-sphincter, ngenxa yokuthi ubisi abukhiphi ngaphandle kokubamba. Amacembe adlala indima ebalulekile ekulaleni futhi avimbele ukutheleleka emathanjeni omzimba. Isikhumba sabo asinayo izikhumba ze-sweat, ngakho-ke kufanele kunakekelwe ukugwema ukukhiqizwa kwe-microflora ye-pathogenic nokwakhiwa kwemifantu.
Kubalulekile! Imisebenzi ayinayo umyalezo phakathi kwabo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi umfuyi wezilwane akhiphe ngamunye wabo kuze kube sekupheleni, ngoba ubisi alukwazi ukunyuka ukusuka kwelinye i-lobe ukuya kwelinye bese lishiya enye ingono, okusho ukuthi ngeke kuhlanganiswe inani elizayo ngesikhathi esizayo.
Izitebhisi zokuthuthukiswa komkhumbi ezinkomeni
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlayiya zezinyosi zenkomo ziyizinhlelo zokukhathazeka nezinhlelo ze-endocrine. Izithobezi ze-embryo zifakwa ekugqandeni kwe-epithelial, etholakala emgodini wesisu ngemuva kwenkaba. Ngokulandelayo, ama-hilacks angaba ngu-4-6 avela kuwo, okuvela kuwo, emva kokubunjwa kwe-circulatory system kanye nama-fibre ye-nerve eseqediwe, izilonda ze-mammary zikhula. Ukubeletha kwentombazane engama-6-nyanga kunezinhlayiya zobisi, umthombo, ingxube kanye nezicubu ze-adipose. 
Ngemuva kokubeletha nangaphambi kokukhulelwa, lo mbuthano ukhula kancane kancane futhi ukhule. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kubhalwe ngokuyinhloko kusuka kumcubu we-adipose. Uma inkoma ifika ekukhuleni, umbele wakhe ukhula ngokuphawulekayo, ophazamiseka ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone ocansi, futhi uthatha ifomu eliyi-chick evuthiwe. Ukukhula kwemigodi kanye namathayi kuphela ngenyanga yesihlanu yokukhulelwa, ngezinyanga ezingu-6-7 i-alveoli iyakhiwa ekugcineni.
Izicubu ezithandayo zakhiwe ngokugcwele ngenyanga yesishiyagalombili yokukhulelwa, ukwanda kwalo kuzokwenzeka ngemuva kokukhipha. Le nqubo izothinteka ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni, ukusebenza kahle, ukusikhipha kanye nokudla okunomsoco wesithole. Ukuthuthukiswa nokukhula kwezigulane kuqhutshwa ku-4-6 genera. Izinguquko zenzeka esakhiweni ngokuhambisana nemijikelezo yezocansi, izikhathi zokulahlwa, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nobudala bezinkomo.
Kubalulekile! Kukholelwa ukuthi izinkomo ezinezinkuni ezinamaqabunga amaningi, okuhlelwe phambili, eduze komzimba, ezixhunywe kakhulu ngemuva, zibe nokusebenza okuphezulu. Izingxenyana eziphezulu kufanele zibe yize futhi zilingane. Uma i-palpating, i-udder kufanele ibe lula futhi ifinyelele.
Ukuqothulwa kwezigulane ze-mammary kwenzeka ngemuva kokubeletha okungama-7-8 - ngalesi sikhathi umthamo wezicubu ezinama-glandular kanye namadonsi anciphisa, kanti izintuthwane ezixhumene ne-adipose zanda. Abalimi abaphumelelayo abanezinyathelo ezifanele, ezibandakanya ukondla okuthuthukisiwe nokunakekelwa kwekhwalithi, bangakwazi ukwandisa isikhathi sokukhiqiza isithole ku-13-16 lactations, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangaphezulu. 
Inqubo yobisi yokwakheka kanjani
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesilwane yi-lactation. Inqubo ye-lactation inezinyathelo ezimbili:
- Ukwakheka kobisi.
- Ukukhiqiza ubisi.
Bheka izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zezinkomo zobisi.
Inqubo yokwakheka ubisi ithonywe yizici eziningana:
- ukuvuselelwa okusebenzayo komdanso ngezakhi ezinezimbangela zegazi;
- ukusebenza okuvamile kwesistimu ye-lymphatic;
- ukukhululwa kwe-hormone prolactin ngenxa ye-calving, ukucasuka kwezinsipho lapho uncelisa ithole noma lapho uthinta ngokufudumele.
Kodwa-ke, uma udder ungagcini isikhathi eside kunamahora angu-12-14, ingcindezi iyanda, isenzo se-alveoli sinqatshelwe, ukukhiqiza ubisi kunciphisa. Ngakho-ke, ngokuchithwa okujwayelekile futhi okuphelele kwesibalo, izinga lokubunjwa ubisi ligcinwa ezingeni eliphezulu. Izikhathi eziningana phakathi kokukhipha izinqubo noma ukukhipha okungaphelele komzimba kufaka ukwehla kokukhiqizwa ubisi.Uyazi? Inkabi ebiza kakhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni iyatholakala ezinkomeni zaseJapane zamaGagyu. AmaJapane, ahlala eduze komuzi waseKobe, lapho lezi zilwane zahlukaniswa khona, zaphatha izilwane ezifuywayo ngokunakekelwa - zazisusa ngenxa yabo futhi zaphuza ubhiya bazo. Ngenxa yalokho, bathola inyama enomusa futhi enomsoco, edayiswa namuhla kuma-euro angu-100 ngamagremu angu-200 we-tenderloin.
Ukukhiqiza ubisi
Ukukhiqizwa kommbila kuyindlela ebonakalayo ngesikhathi sokugaya futhi ihambisana nokukhululwa ubisi kusuka e-alveoli kuya emathonjeni. Kusukela ku-follicle yobisi, umthamo wetshezi uyancipha ngokucindezela amangqamuzana awazungezile. Ngemuva kokucindezela okunjalo, igeleza emideni, bese ingena emgodini, isiteshi sokuphuma kanye nezinsipho.
Ngesikhathi sokucasuka ngezindebe zenkonyane noma ngezinye izici ezicasulayo zezinsipho eziphethwe yizinzwa zazo, isignali isuke kukhishwa ebuchosheni benkomo, enikeza umyalo emgodini we-pituitary. I-pituitary gland ikhulula ama-hormone egazini, okubangela ukukhiqizwa ubisi nokukhishwa kwe-myoepithelium yezigulane ezincelisayo. Ngenxa yalokho, kunciphisa amaseli asezindaweni ezizungeze i-alveoli.
Amaseli, futhi, acindezela i-alveoli, futhi kubo ubisi buwela emathangeni emithonjeni. Ukukhiqizwa kommbila kwenziwa emva kwamasekhondi angu-30-60 ngemva kokucasula kwezingono. Isikhathi salo simaminithi angu-4-6. Ngalesi sikhathi, inqubo yokubamba iqhaza kufanele iqale. Ngemuva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwe-oxytocin yayo engasetshenzisiwe, i-alveoli ayinqanyuliwe, ukudluliswa ubisi oluyinkimbinkimbi kuyafa. 
Inqubo yokwethula ubisi iphinde ilawulwe ezinye izikhuthazo: isikhathi sokubamba, izwi le-milkmaid, imishini yokukhanda, njll. Ukukhipha ubisi kwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa kuwo wonke ama-lobe angu-4, ngisho noma i-nipple eyodwa ithukuthele. Inani elincane kunazo zonke lobisi liphuma esabelweni esinikezwa ekugcineni. Njengomthetho, ngesikhathi sokubamba kwakhe, ubisi lwe-flow reflex seluvele luphele.
Kubalulekile! Kuye kwasungulwa ngomqondo wokuthi ukulahleka okukhulu kobisi kubonakala uma, lapho udosa inkomazi, izingono ziyancipha ngesilinganiso sama- 60-90 izikhathi ngomzuzu.Uma inkomo ikwesaba ngesikhathi se-lactation, uma kungenangqondo ukuyenza nayo, ukubangela ubuhlungu, khona-ke inqubo ingayeka. Ezimweni ezinjalo, amadoksi amancane, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ubisi kuphela ubisi oluqukethwe kwamathangi. Inqubo yokuqoqa ubisi ihlala emahoreni angu-12-14 emva kokukhishwa kwangaphambili. Impendulo yezinsipho ekucaseni kwenzeka ngemva kwamahora angu-4. Ngakho-ke, izici eziningana zithinta ukukhiqiza ubisi, okubaluleke kakhulu kuwo umuthi othuthukile, ocebile ngezicubu ezigulisayo.
Ukugeleza kwamanzi kuthinta ngqo ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ze-circulatory ne-lymphatic. Kodwa-ke, akusiyo nje kuphela ukuthi umbele udlala indima ekusebenzeni inkomo - inkomo engondlekile kahle, ukulungiswa kahle, ukungondleki kahle, ukuhluleka kokutholakala kwamavithamini namaminerali, ngeke ukwazi ukukhiqiza ubisi obanele, ngisho noma kunomdla omuhle.
