Indlela yokuphatha isibhokotshi enkomeni emgqeni

I-Cowpox ihambisane nezinsalela ezithile emgqeni, emzimbeni, emangqamuzaneni emangcwabeni emakhaleni nasemlonyeni wesilwane. Lesi sifo sinengozi kakhulu, bangenwa igciwane hhayi kuphela ngezimbuzi, izimvu namahhashi abahlala egcekeni, kodwa nabantu. Igciwane lisakazeka ngokuthintana, amaconsi amancane kanye nemizila ye-fecal-oral. Indlela yokuqaphela nokuphatha isifo, ngabe ubisi lwezinkabi ezigulayo kufanelekile, nokuthi ngabe kunezindlela zokukuvikela ekutheleleni - funda ngakho kamuva esihlokweni.

Okuqukethwe:

• Izimpawu kanye nenkambo yesifo
• Ukuhlonza
• Indlela yokuphatha isibhokotshi enkomeni emgqeni
• Izincomo ezijwayelekile
• Ama-antibiotics, amafutha kanye nezinye izidakamizwa
• Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza ubisi
• Ukuvimbela kanye nomgomo wokulwa nezinkomo ze-ingulube

I-Pathogen, imithombo nemigwaqo yokutheleleka

Ukwenzeka kwe-ingulube ezinkomeni kubangelwa igciwane le-coworthopoxvirus, elinalo i-DNA yalo, kanye nezinkinga zalo zokugoma. I-pathogen ibonakala yi:

• isakhiwo esinzima;
• ukukhiqiza ukukhiqiza okujulile kumaseli e-epithelial;
• ukumelana kakhulu nemvelo.

Imfuyo enhle kakhulu yezinkomo ihlanganisa: iDutch, iSychevskaya, i-Belgian blue, i-Hereford, iSimmental, iDutch, i-Holstein ne-Ayrshire.

Uma ingena emigqeni engaphansi, igciwane likhishwa kwigobolondo langaphandle, futhi i-DNA yalo, ngosizo lwezinhlelo zamaselula, iqala ukukhiqiza amakhophi ayo ngenkuthalo. Ngenxa yalokhu ukuphindaphindiwe, ukuhlanganisa amaprotheni izinto zegobolondo yangaphandle exfoliated kwenzeka. Uma ukutheleleka kwegciwane kuqhuma ekwakheni iseli, inqubo yokubhujiswa ibangelwa ulwelwesi nucleus yayo. I-agent causative yegciwane Coworthopoxvirus Ngakho-ke, izinhlayiya zezinto ezithathelwanayo zisakazeka epithelium, zithatha izindawo ezintsha. Lezi zinqubo zihambisana ne-symptomatology eveziwe yesifo.

Ama-microorganisms we-pathogenic awalahlekelwa umsebenzi wawo ngisho nasezingeni eliphansi lokushisa. Igciwane linganda cishe iminyaka eyodwa nengxenye ku-+4 ° С, futhi i-DNA yayo ngeke ilahlekelwe ngamakhono ayo okuphindaphinda e-+20 ° С izinyanga ezingu-2. Uma i-thermometer ikhuphukela ku- + 50-60 ° С, igciwane lizofa ngemizuzu engu-10.

Uyazi? Lapho uCatherine II ezwa ngokugonywa kwe-ingulube eYurophu, wabiza udokotela waseNgilandi uThomas Dimsdale waya eRussia futhi wamcela ukuba agonywe kuqala. U-Alexander Markov, umfana ohluphekile owayesebenomkhuhlane wezinambuzane, waba umnikelo wokusiza. Kule nsizakalo, kamuva wakhuthazwa ukuba abe isikhundla esihle kakhulu negama elithi Markov-Ospenny, futhi ingubo yakhe yezandla yabonisa isandla nesiphakamiso esibonakalayo esivuthiwe.

Ukubilisa i-pathogen kungabulala ngokushesha kakhulu - kulokhu, ukufa kwayo kuzokwenzeka ngemva kwemizuzu engu-2 ngemuva kokuthi ukhiye obonakalayo ubonakala phezu kwamanzi. Ngelanga eliqondile, uCoworthopoxvirus igcina ubungqabavu bayo amahora amane. Imfuyo enempilo ingenwa igciwane lesibhukela hhayi kuphela kumthwali wegciwane, kodwa futhi kusukela ekucineni kwayo emlonyeni nasempumeni, kanye nokuxhumana nama-crusts omisiwe aphuma ezindaweni ezithintekile. Abathwali bokutheleleka ba:

• izilwane ezigulayo (lesi sifo sidluliselwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siphila ngezinhlobo zazo);
• omiyane namafucu;
• izinduku;
• abantu;
• amanzi;
• ukuphakelayo;
• udoti;
• ukusungula;
• ngokuphelele izimfihlo ezifihliwe yizinto eziphilayo.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokuphatha izifo ezithathelwanayo ezifana ne-chlamydia, i-bluetang, i-leptospirosis, i-fever ebulalayo, i-aplasmosis, i-parainfluenza-3, ne-actinomycosis.

Izilwane zezilwane ziphawula ukuthi ingozi yokuba ne-ingulube ekukhuleni okuphindwe kayinkulungwane ezilwaneni:

• ama-microtraumas, ama-abrasions kanye nama-cracks ku-udder;
• ukungafihli;
• ukungasebenzi kahle kwemetabolism;
• i-avitaminosis;
• ukukhathala;
• futhi nangezinkomo ngesikhathi sokuphulukiswa ngemva kokugula nokugula;
• ezilwaneni ezincane (ikakhulukazi ezinyathelweni zakuqala zokuthuthukiswa, lapho izivikelo zomzimba zisesezingeni lesakhiwo).

Izinkomo ezine-emaciation zinengozi enkulu yokuthola isibhokotshi

Izimpawu kanye nenkambo yesifo

Ngokuya endleleni yokungena kwe-agent egazini kanye nezinga le-virulence yayo, inkambo yesifo nokuqina kwayo kunqunywa. Isivikelo somzimba senkomo enesifo sinomthelela omkhulu kulezi zinqubo.

Izimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-ingulube ziqala ukuvela ezinsukwini ezingu-9 kuphela ngemuva kokuba igciwane lendawo yendawo ku-tissue epithelial. Ezimweni ezingavamile, isikhathi sokukhushulwa singancishiswa sibe yizinsuku ezintathu.

Abalimi kufanele bafunde mayelana nendlela yokukhetha inkomo yobisi obuhle, yiziphi izici ezakhiwe yenkomo, futhi ucabange ngezici ezithile zokubanda ubisi.

I-Cowpox iqala ngezibonakaliso ezilandelayo:

• ukucindezeleka;
• ukuxhuma;
• ukungabi nesifiso;
• ukwehla ekukhiqizeni ubisi (ukulahlekelwa ubisi kungayeka ngokuphelele, futhi inkoma izoqala ukuxubha imastitis);
• ukwanda okuncane kokushisa komzimba (kufika ku + 40-41 ° C);
• ukuvuvukala nokuqina kwesikhumba esithintekile kanye nezibungu ezinomuncu;
• ubuhlungu obunzima obubonakalisa ohlelweni lokubamba (inkomo ayivumeli i-milkmaid);
• ukukhathazeka;
• kunzima ukuhamba (isilwane sibeka imilenze yaso ububanzi ukuze sigweme ukubathinta ngombele);
• ukubukeka kwe-roseol ebomvu, emva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3 eziguqulwa zibe yi-nodules-papules ehlanganiswe futhi ephakanyiswe ngaphezu kwesikhumba (ezinkazini zezilwane, ububele, izinsipho, ikhanda, intamo, emuva, amathanga avame ukuthinteka kakhulu, futhi ku-scrotum yamadoda, amacici, umlomo nezindebe);
• ukwakheka kwezindawo ezibomvu zama-vesicles endaweni, igcwele i-lymph ebonakalayo, enegciwane (ngokuvamile ama-bubbles avela ngosuku lwesibili lwesifo);
• ukuxhaswa kwezidakamizwa zesikhumba esiphunduzayo, okubangelwa ukuthi ziphenduke ngamapulules ajikelezayo noma ama-oval enqenqemeni olubomvu olucacile kanye nokuphumula phakathi (umuntu omdala we-purulent foci angase abe nezinhlamvu ezingu-20);
• i-necrosis ejulile yethambile;
• ukuhlanganiswa kwama-nodules eseduze kanye nokwakhiwa kwemifantu egazini endaweni yawo;
• ukukhipha ama-crusts omiswe okwakha emva kwezinsuku ezingu-12 kumapustules ahlanzekile.

Ukucindezeleka kwenkomo kungenye yezimpawu zesibhokisi

Ama-ospins awaveli ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukuvuthwa kwabo kuqhubeka cishe amasonto amabili. Uma lesi sifo sithola ngendlela engavamile, ukutakula kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-20-28. Endabeni yezifo ezikhulayo kanye nokwakhiwa kwezifo ezithintekayo, lesi sifo singahlushwa izinkomo izinyanga ezimbili. Imfuyo encane ivame ukudala izinkinga ngendlela ye-bronchopneumonia kanye ne-gastroenteritis.

Kubalulekile! I-cow pox ebangelwa igciwane lesandulela ngculaza ilula futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, kodwa ngokuvamile ihlasela wonke umuntu obisi ubisi emhlambini. Ama-ospins avela ezindaweni ze-lesion esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi abheke ngaphezulu kwe-convex kunesikhathi sokutheleleka nge-viral, ngoba inqubo ye-pathological ihlanganisa izingqimba ezingaphezulu kakhulu ze-epidermis.

I-Cowpox ingenzeka ngamafomu ahlukene:

• i-acute;
• subacute;
• okungapheliyo.

Ukuhlonza

Ekusebenzeni kwezilwane, ukuqinisekiswa kwezibonakaliso zemitholampilo ye-vaccinia kwenziwa ngesisekelo sezifundo ze-laboratory ne-postmortem. Ukuzifeza, kubalulekile ukukhetha i-bioprobes kusuka ekubunjweni okuvuvukalayo esikhumbeni. Ngalesi sizathu, lokhu kwenziwa okulandelayo:

1. Sika ama-pustules ekhulayo bese uthatha i-swab kuyo.
2. I-biomaterial esontekile idutshulwa ngokuya ngendlela ye-Morozov.
3. Hlola isidakamizwa sokuba khona kwemizimba yokudla.

Ngenkathi yokuxilongwa, kubalulekile ukucabangela imvelo ye-epizootic epulazini nasesifundazweni. Uma kwenzeka izinkomo zingelapheki futhi ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe endaweni yokubulala, kufanele uqaphele izinguquko zangaphakathi ezidumbu zenyama. Uma uvula kuzocacile:

• i-purulent foci yokuvuvukala eduze kwama-pockmarks;
• ukuguguleka kolulwimi (okwenzekayo kungenxa yokwenqatshwa kwezingqimba zomlomo wegumbi lomlomo);
• ama-lymph nodes ekhulisiwe.

Kubalulekile! Igciwane le-cowpox libucayi kakhulu ku-ultrasound.

Indlela yokuphatha isibhokotshi enkomeni emgqeni

Naphezu kwenqubekela phambili yezokwelapha, namuhla akakho ukwelashwa kwesibungu sezinambuzane. Ukwelashwa kwalo kuqukethe ukulwa nezibonakaliso ezibonakalayo, ukuvimbela izinkinga ezingase zivele nokususa imiphumela ye-pathogenetic. Nokho, ngaphezu kwezidakamizwa ze-antibiotic, izinyathelo zokwelapha zihlanganisa neminye imisebenzi eminingi. Cabanga ngabo ngokuningiliziwe.

Izincomo ezijwayelekile

Uma inkomo ye-ingulube ibonakala epulazini lakho, kumele lihlukaniswe nezinye izilwane ngokuhluleka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukuba uqale ulungise ikamelo elihlukile labomakhelwane abanempilo. Bazodinga futhi abahlinzeki, abaphuza kanye nemishini yokuhlanza.

Kungaba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde ukwenza kahle abaphuza izinkomo ngezandla zakho.

Ukuze kuncishiswe umsebenzi obalulekile we-agent causative ye-ingulube, ochwepheshe bayeluleka ukuqala inkambo yokwelapha ngokukhipha imishanguzo ye-garnish kanye nazo zonke izinto ezikuyo:

1. Okokuqala udinga ukususa udoti, umanyolo kanye nezinsalela zokudla ezivela kubanikazi bokudla kusuka phansi. Konke lokhu kuqoqwe ngamaphakheji ahlukene futhi ukuze kugweme ukungcola kwabanye abalahliwe ezindaweni ezikude.
2. Ngemva kwalokho, i-hose ihlanzwa i-hose ngaphansi kwengcindezi eqinile yamanzi afudumele, inaka kakhulu izingosi, izikhala kanye nezinye izindawo ezilukhuni. Uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa ama-detergents nama-brush.
3. Lapho amanzi ekamelweni emile (lokhu kufanele kwenzeke ngokwemvelo), izindonga nezansi zixoshwa besebenzisa i-blowtorch, ephethe iyunithi imizuzu embalwa. Le ndlela ihambisana nezindawo zamapulangwe nezamatshe. Izakhiwo zensimbi ziphathwa ngamakhemikhali e-disinfectants: isisombululo se-3% se-chloramine (igciwane lizofa ngehora) noma i-carbolic acid (umphumela olindelekile uzofika emahoreni amabili). Abanikazi abaningi bahlanganisa ukugcoba ne-chemical subsequent processing. Emva kwezindonga ezomile, kuyadingeka ukucwiliswa nge-liquid hydrated. Izinyathelo zokucwiliswa kwezinsizakalo zizodingeka njalo emva kwezinsuku eziyisihlanu emva kokuphazamiseka okulandelayo kwesifo.
4. Ungakhohlwa ukukhipha ama-disinfection bonke abaxhasi nabaphuzayo, kanye namafosholo, amafoloko. Kulesi simo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuyikhahlela.

Ukunciphisa umsebenzi obalulekile we-agent causative ye-ingulube, senza i-disinfect inqolobane.

Egumbini elomile elingavikelekile, iphansi limbozwe ungqimba lwe-10-cm we-straw fresh, peat noma sawdust. Udoti unconywa ukuba ushintshwe nsuku zonke, ususe udoti lwezinkomo. Ungavumeli amawadi ahlose ukunyathela indle yawo, futhi ngisho nakakhulu ukuya kuwo, uthinte umlenze.

Kubalulekile! Emva kokudluliswa kwesibungu sezinyosi emitholampilo, igciwane lesandulela-ngculaza elisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga umzimba ligcinwe impilo.

Ukuze impilo yezinkomo nezinkunzi, kubalulekile ukuthi ibhakhodi ine-microclimate efanelekile:

• umbuso wokushisa - + 5-15 ° C;
• umswakama - 60-70%;
• ukushintshaniswa kwe-air - i-cent centner yesisindo esibukhoma esingu-17 cu. m / h (ukufeza lezi zinkomba kudinga umoya ovamile wendawo yokugcina);
• izinga lokujikeleza umoya - 0.5 m / s;
• carbon dioxide concentration - 0.25%, ammonia - 20 mg / cu. m

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilwane esigulayo sibalulekile ukunikeza ukudla okunomsoco, okuzosiza ekuzivikelweni okunamandla. Emgodini kufanele uthole ukudla okusha kanye nekhwalithi kuphela.

Abalimi abaningi, ikakhulukazi emagcekeni abo amahhashi, bahlwanyela izitshalo nge-wicker, i-alfalfa noma i-clover, futhi ukuze izinkomo zithole wonke amavithamini namaminerali adingekayo, ziyidla nge-silage yokhuni, ifolishi, okusanhlamvu kokwephuza, ibhande, izinhlanganisela zokudla okusanhlamvu kanye nama-premixes.

Kubalulekile! I-virus eyenza isikhukhukhukhukazi ezinambuzane ezincelisayo ngegazi ingaphikelela izinsuku ezingu-100.

Uma igciwane lendawo yendawo emangcwabeni emlonyeni wesigxobo somlomo, linike izinkomo ngefolda yetshezi noma eyomile okwesikhathi sokugula. Phakathi nesifo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukudlulisela isilwane esondweni samanzi. Kuwusizo ngokukhethekile ukunikeza abantu abanegciwane amagalikhi nemifino yama-elderberry.

Ngenkomo yezinambuzane, kubalulekile ukukhiqiza ubisi nsuku zonke. Yilungiselele ukuthi le nqubo izoba buhlungu kuwe nasesilwaneni. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izilwane zezilwane zihlala emathinini wezinyosi. Ngesikhathi sokugula, ukungenisa nokuthunyelwa kwemfuyo emisha kuyavunyelwe. Izithiyo zokuqeda ukukhishwa kwezintambo kufanele zifakwe epulazini. Zonke izinyathelo zokuvimbela zithatha amaviki amathathu kusukela ekutholeni kokugcina.

Funda mayelana nezimbangela zegazi ebisi lwezinkomo.

Ama-antibiotics, amafutha kanye nezinye izidakamizwa

Igciwane lesandulela ngculazi liqondile, ngakho ukuphumelela kokulwa nalo kungabonakalisa ngokusebenzisa uhlu olulandelayo lwemithi:

1. Isixazululo sokuphuza utshwala se-iodine noma i-chloramine (emkhatsini we-3%), kanye ne-Burov's liquid, isetshenziselwa njengendlela ye-antiseptic yokushisa izilonda ezintsha. Inani lezinhlelo zokusebenza lixhomeke ekutheni amandla we-pox rash.
2. I-Syntomycin, i-streptomycin, i-boric noma i-zinc ointments inconywa ukuphathwa kwendawo yezilonda zesikhumba ezivuthayo. Isenzo sabo senzelwe ukusheshisa ukuvuselelwa kwesikhumba. Faka isicelo okungenani izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku.
3. Ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic kunqunywe udokotela wezilwane ezimweni lapho isilwane sinomzimba omzimba obuthakathaka futhi sihlushwa yi-beriberi, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimo ezinzima (izidakamizwa kanye nezindlela ezixhomeke kulesi sifo).
4. Ukuhlanza ama-pockouts (le nqubo iphoqelekile ngaphambi kokubamba imfuyo ngayinye), abalimi abanolwazi olufuywayo basebenzisa ama-infusions we-sorrel noma ama-elderberry amahlamvu. Ithuluzi eliphumelela kakhulu libhekwa njengezigajethi ezivela ezihlakalweni ezifanayo.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza ubisi

Ukusekela amandla empilweni yakho, umuntu, njenganoma yisiphi esinye isidalwa esiphilayo, kufanele adle imikhiqizo ephezulu kuphela. Uma zitholakala emithonjeni yokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, azange zisasebenza.

Kubalulekile! Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi kusetshenziswe ekwelapheni kwezimpukane zesikhukhula semfucumfucu. Banciphisa ubuso bezilonda futhi ngaleyo ndlela banikele ekukhiqizeni okusebenzayo kwamanzi anegciwane lesandulela ngculazi.

Ubisi oluvela kwenkomo ye-smallpox akuyona indlela engcono kakhulu yokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali futhi iqukethe ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, kungabhubhisa ngokubilisa imizuzu emihlanu noma isigamu sehora pasteurisation ekushiseni kuka-85 ° C.

Njengoba kunikezwe ukuzinza kwe-pitugen ye-ingulube kanye nezinguquko zayo eziguquguqukayo, ochwepheshe abacebisi ukuphuza ubisi lwezinkomo ezigulayo. Kungcono ukuyivumela ukuba ihambe izidingo zebhizinisi. Kubalulekile ukucabangela izindlela zokwelashwa kwesilwane. Uma kutholakala ekwelashweni kwama-antibiotic, umkhiqizo wenkomo uqukethe izidakamizwa ezisele. Ngokusho kukadokotela wezesayensi yezokwelapha, inhloko ye-laboratory ye-biosafety kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-nutrimikrobioma ye-Research Institute of Nutrition ye-RAMS Svetlana Sheveleva, ukusabela okusheshayo kulowo ubisi kutholakala kuphela lapho kwenzeka ukugula okwe-penicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol.

Uyazi? Ekhanda likaDkt. Edward Jenner, owathola kuqala izindlela zokulwa nesibhukela sezinambuzane, futhi izigulane zakhe, ngokuphakanyiswa kukaLouis Pasteur, izinto zokugoma zazibizwa ngokuthi "imithi yokugoma" ebizwa ngokuthi igama elithi "vacca", elihunyushwe ngokuthi "inkomo."

Kodwa-ke, uma siphuza ubisi nsuku zonke ngesilinganiso esinciphile sama-antibiotic esedlula imigomo evumelekile, umzimba ujwayele lezi zinto, ngenxa yalokho imisebenzi yawo yokumelana nayo ibhujiswa.

Ukuvimbela kanye nomgomo wokulwa nezinkomo ze-ingulube

Ngokuvamile, isibungu sezinkomo sibheka ekwindla nasebusika zonyaka. Ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka ngegciwane, izilwane zezilwane zincoma:

1. Kusukela ngo-Agasti ukuqala ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela umkhuhlane. Lokhu kwenziwa ngosizo lwamafutha okugcoba ama-antiseptic aphatha izinkoma zezinkomo ngaphambi kokubamba.
2. Ukuhambisana ngokuqinile nemithetho enhlanzekile nehlanzekile - ngaphambi kokugcoba, hlamba umthamo ngokugcwele ngamanzi afudumele, ngemva kokusula ithawula elihlanzekile. Ngemuva kokugwedla, susa umbele kanye nezinsipho ezine-ayisikhilimu. Izembatho ozobilisa kuzo inkomo kumele zihlanzeke futhi akufanele zithathwe ekhaya.
3. Hlanganisa ngezikhathi ezithile amadlelo nezindawo zemfuyo.
4. Uma ukungenisa izimfuyo ezintsha, kanye nefolda, imishini, okokuqala ukuthola ukuthi isimo se-epizootic sendawo esilungiselelwe ukufika kuso. Izilwane ezinjalo kufanele zigcinwe inyanga ngezimo zokuhlukanisa ngokuhlola okujwayelekile.
5. Uma sikhuluma ngokukhiqizwa kwepulazi, bonke abasebenzi kumele bagonwe ukugonywa okuphoqelekile. Emva kokugonywa amasonto amabili, isisebenzi akufanele sihlangane nezilwane.
6. Ngengozi yokutheleleka ngezinhloso zokuvimbela ukugoma yonke imfuyo.
7. Ngokuvamile, kanye nezinsuku ezingu-5, ekamelweni lokukhipha amagciwane nge-chloramine, kufaka phakathi i-inventory nempahla.

Umkhuhlane wami ngamanzi afudumele ngaphambi kokugubha Naphezu kokungabikho ukwelashwa okhethekile kwe-ingulube ezinkomeni, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu zokuqala zesifo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungamnaki usizo lomhlengikazi wezilwane: ngokushesha lapho ubona ochwepheshe, ngokushesha uqala ukulwa negciwane, okubalulekile isimo esiphezulu sesigceme esinezimpondo.