Imfuyo

Izinkomo ze-Chlamydia

Lapho kuzaliswa izinkomo, umlimi ngamunye ubhekene nezifo ezithile zalezi zilwane. Abanye baphathwa ngokushesha futhi badlule ngokushesha, kanti abanye badinga indlela ephelele yokuxazulula inkinga. I-Chlamydia nayo ingabalwe eqenjini lokugcina, ukubonakaliswa kwalo okuzoxhomeka esimweni esithile sesifo.

Ake sithole ukuthi siyini lesi sifo, yiziphi izimpawu ezibonakalayo nokuthi zisuswa kanjani.

Iyini lesi sifo

I-Chlamydia ezinkampeni isifo esithathelwanayo sokwemvelo esithathelwanayo, esitholakala ezinkazini ezincane nge-rhinitis, i-gastroenteritis, i-polyarthritis, i-conjunctivitis, futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-pneumonia ihlanganiswe ne-bronchitis. Ukwengeza, kungenzeka ukuzalwa kwabantu abangenakulinganiswa nokubonakala kwe-mastitis kwenkomo ngokwayo. Lesi sifo sibheke cishe kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba, kanti kwabanye ngisho nanamuhla kubangela ukulimala komnotho okuphawulekayo.

Kubalulekile! Umuntu, njengezilwane, angaba ne-chlamydia, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi ungenwe igciwane lesilwane sakho. Iqiniso liwukuthi kubantu nasezilwaneni izifo eziphilayo zihlukile, ngakho-ke ukutheleleka akunakwenzeka (ekhaya, ngokuthintana kakhulu nekati eligulayo, i-conjunctival chlamydia kungenzeka, kodwa iphathwa ngokushesha futhi ingabangeli imiphumela embi).

I-Pathogen, imithombo nemigwaqo yokutheleleka

I-agent causative yezinhlanzi ezichazwe ezifuyweni kungokwezihlobo ze-Chlamidia, ehlanganisa izinhlobo ezine ezihlobene eduze: Chl.psittaci, Chl.pecorum, Chl.trachomatis noCl.pneumoniae. Zonke ziphoqeleka izidakamizwa ze-intracellular eziphakathi kwendawo phakathi kwamabhaktheriya ezindala, i-rickettsiae nama-virus.

Banayo i-DNA ne-RNA yabo, ehlukanisa lezi zinambuzane kwabanye, okuthiwa "amagciwane eqiniso."

Ifomu le-Chlamydia - i-spherical noma i-oval. Ziyakwazi ukuba khona njengezidumbu ezincane (okungukuthi, i-intracellularly), ezingadluli ububanzi bama-microns angu-1.2 futhi zibe nesakhiwo sama-bacteria ajwayelekile, futhi zingafana nezidumbu eziphakathi kwamamitha ayi-0.3-0.4, njengama-virus amakhulu. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-chlamydia ziphikisana kakhulu nezimo zemvelo futhi zihlala zikwazi ukubhekana namazinga okushisa aphansi, nakuba zizwela kakhulu ukwanda kwalezi zimiso.

Esikhathini esiphakathi kwe-aqueous medium, umsebenzi wabo ugcinwa izinsuku ezingu-17, futhi ngobisi obungasetshenziswanga futhi ngisho nangaphezulu - okungenani ezinsukwini ezingu-23. Njengoba sisebusweni obuhle, i-causative agent ye-chlamydia ikhona ngokuthula kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu.

Ukugxila kokujwayelekile kwe-decontaminating agents for treatment surface (isibonelo, phenol 3% noma i-sodium hydroxide 2%) kuzosiza ukuwaqeda, futhi ama-antibiotic aseTetracycline angasetshenziswa ukuphatha izifo kubantu noma kubantu.

I-anaplasmosis, i-actinomycosis, i-parainfluenza-3, i-pasteurellosis, i-abscess, ne-leukemia nayo ibhekiselwa ezifweni ezithathelwanayo zezinkomo.

Kunemithombo eminingi ye-chlamydia:

  • iziguli kanye nezilwane ezisanda kutholakala (ngezinye izikhathi zithwala isifo ezinyangeni ezingu-8 emva kokuphulukisa futhi zithumele ukutheleleka kanye nemfihlo yazo);
  • Ukukhipha isisu kusuka esilwaneni esigulayo;
  • ubisi;
  • izinto zokunakekela izilwane ezisanda kuxhumana nabantu abagulayo (okungavamile);
  • ukudla nokudla okujwayelekile.
Ukubeka kalula, ukutheleleka kwezinkomo ezinempilo kungenziwa ngokocansi (igciwane ngokuvamile lisakazwa kanye nensimu yenkomo egulayo), izindlela zokudla kanye nezindlela ze-aerogenic.

Uyazi? Izinkomo zibhekwa ngomqondo omuhle kakhulu wephunga futhi zingabamba iphunga elijwayelekile endaweni engaphezu kuka-5 km.

Amafomu nezimpawu

Izimpawu zezinkomo ze-chlamydia zixhomeke esimweni esithile sesifo. Kuphela kwezinhlanu zazo futhi ngamunye unesici saso senkambo nokubonakaliswa, kodwa izimpawu zokuqala ngokuvamile zibonakala ezinsukwini ezingu-3-20 ngemuva kokutheleleka. Cabanga ngesimo ngasinye sesifo ngokuseduze.

Ukuphefumula

Uma i-chlamydia ingenwa ngamaconsi amancane, kungenzeka ukuthi isilwane sizohlangana ne-chlamydia yokuphefumula, izibonakaliso eziyinhloko zokushisa komzimba izinsuku eziningana (ngokuvamile kuya ku-40-41 ° C) nokubonakala kwe-serous effusions, okungemva koku-2 Izinsuku ezingu -3 zithola ukungahambisani kahle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo sivame ukuhambisana nokukhwehlela, i-membrane ye-mucous yokuvuvukala kwempumphu futhi iguquke. Ukujula kungakhula futhi umoya wesilwane ungakhula, ukuqubuzana noma ukuvuvukala kwamajwabu amehlo kungabonwa.

Amathumbu

I-chlamydia yezinambuzane zezinkomo zenkomo zingakwazi ukuhambisana nokudla okuthelelekile, okuhlala kumathe noma ukuthuthwa komunye umuntu osuvele enezifo. Njengokwesikhashana esidlule, esinye sezibonakaliso eziyinhloko ukwanda kokushisa komzimba kwesilwane kuya ku-40-40.5 ° C, lapho uhudo, ukucindezeleka nokulahlwa kokudla kuvame ukugcinwa.

I-mucosa yomlomo cishe njalo i-hypermic, izilonda nokukhukhula kungabonakala kuyo.

I-Genital

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-chlamydia zobulili zikhipha isisu nokulibaziseka kokubeletha. Futhi, inkomo ingahlakulela i-endometritis ne-metritis, kunezinkambo ezivame ukuhamba, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukungasebenzi.

I-agent ye causative yale fomu yesifo ivame ukusakazeka ngesikhathi sokuqothulwa okufakelwayo noma kwemvelo usebenzisa isisu esinegciwane noma isithwathwa senkomo yesifo. Ngokudluliselwa kwe-intrauterine, amathole azalwe azohlala ebuthakathaka, uma ezalwa isikhathi esigcwele futhi asebenzayo nhlobo.

Uyazi? Izindebe zezinkabi zifana nomunwe womuntu, ngoba kukhona iphethini eliyingqayizivele kule nxenye yomzimba njengalesi pad. Ngokuphrinta kwalo izilwane zingahlukaniswa ngokunemba kwezingu-100%.

Encephalitis

Leli fomu le-chlamydia libhekwa njengeliyingozi kakhulu kulokhu okungenhla, ngoba libhekene nezilonda zesimiso sezinzwa zesilwane. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukunyakaza kwezinkomo kungabonakali kahle, futhi ngaphambi nje kokufa, ukuxubana kuqala emisipha yomlomo wesibeletho kanye nesimiso se-occipital. Mhlawumbe ukuqhuma kwekhanda.

Conjunctival

I-Chlamydia yefomu elihlanganisiwe lifana nokuhlanganiswa okuvamile nokukhwabanisa. Ukuvuvukala kwe-cornea nge-clouding yayo eqhubekayo kungenzeka - i-keratitis.

Ngeshwa, uhlobo ngalunye lwesifo luba nezibalo zalo ezidabukisayo:

  1. With chlamydia yokuphefumula, lesi sigameko kuyinto 70-80%, nomphumela obulalayo ezingeni lika 15-25%.
  2. I-incidence yefomu yamathumbu iphakathi kuka-30-70%, okufa okungama-20-30%.
  3. Ifomu lomzimba libhekene nokulimala okungama-25-60%, futhi ukufa kubonakala ngamacala angu-15%.
  4. I-encephalitis chlamydia ayidluli kangako kunezihlobo ezidlule, kepha kulokhu ukufa kwezilwane cishe ku-100%.

Kubalulekile! Ngezinye izikhathi kunezinhlobo ezixutshwe zezinkomo ze-chlamydia. Okungukuthi, isibonelo, izibonakaliso zefomu elihlanganisiwe lingaphakamisa izimpawu zokuphefumula noma zamathumbu. Imithi yokwelashwa ayishintshi kakhulu ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngoba zonke izincane zezinambuzane zizwela izidakamizwa ezifanayo.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Laboratory

Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwe-chlamydia, ekuboneni kokuqala kwezimpawu ze-pneumonia, i-enteritis noma i-conjunctivitis (ikakhulukazi ukwanda okwesikhashana ekushiseni komzimba kwesilwane), udokotela wezilwane kufanele abizwe. Uzoqoqa ama-biomaterial futhi athumele amasampuli we-secretions negazi ukuze kuhlaziywe okunye. Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-laboratory, ama-smears agcwele ama-reagents akhethekile futhi anikezwe izivivinyo eziningana zokuxilonga ngesikhathi esisodwa. Indlela enembile kunazo zonke yiyona ndlela ye-serological, evumela ukuthi kunqume ukulwa namagciwane emkhakheni we-serum nama-antigens esi sifo.

Ezinkanjeni ezifakiwe, iziqu ze-antibody ezibhekene ne-antigen eqenjini zivame ukufinyelela ku-1: 64-1: 128, okuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona isifo. Ukuqina kwemiphumela etholakalayo kungaqinisekiswa ngamacala angu-98%.

I-diagnostic laboratory esiza ukucacisa ukucabanga kwezilwane nokuqeda amathuba okuthiwa i-leptospirosis, i-rhinotracheitis, i-brucellosis, i-salmonellosis, nezinye izifo ezinezimpawu ezifanayo.

Izinguquko zesifo

Inkambo enzima ye-chlamydia ingashiya izimpawu ezakhiweni zesimo sezilwane, ikakhulukazi amathole aphethwe.

Izithelo ezinjalo zingatholakala:

  • ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezingaphansi;
  • ama-hemorrhages amaningi e-pleura, mucosa esiswini, i-endocardium kanye ne-epicardium, kanye nezinso kanye nama-portal nodes;
  • ukuguquka kwesimiso esimweni esiswini nesisu;
  • i-fatty dystrophy nesifo sebindi.
  • izimpawu ze-catarrhal abomatitis kanye nokungena kwe-enteritis.
Ukuzwakalisa izinkomo ezifile kubonisa ukuthi kuzo zonke izilwane i-membrane emangcwabeni yekhala ne-larynx yi-hypermic, edematous, ene-multiple hemorrhages.

Emaphashini kukhona foci of compaction, kanti i-bronchi iqoqa i-exudate yama-mucous noma emcopurulent (i-lonphonous lymph nodes yodonga oluphakathi angakhula ngokuvama futhi enomsoco kakhulu ekunqunyeni).

Esimweni se-enteral lesi sifo (esivamile ngamathole ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila), i-autopsy yembula ukutholakala kwe-catarrhal gastroenteritis, isimo esiphezulu se-lymph nodes, iphuzu le-hemorrhages. Isibindi, izinso kanye nesilwane sethole kunezibonakaliso ze-dystrophic.

Kubantu abasha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi emfuyweni ekhulile, i-arthritis ephindaphindiwe-i-fibrinous ivame ukutholakala nokwanda kwamanzi kagesi kuwo.

Kubalulekile! Ngemva kokuhlolwa noma ukusola okuncane kokuba khona kwe-chlamydia, zonke izilwane ezifakiwe noma ezifile kufanele zibhujiswe (kushisa kangcono), ngoba ngisho nangemva kokufa basengumthombo wokugula futhi babe yingozi emfuyo enempilo.

Indlela yokuphatha i-chlamydia ezinkomeni

Izinkomo ze-Chlamydia ziphathwa ngezidakamizwa zokulwa nama-antibacterial, kodwa-ke, ama-antibiotic ajwayelekile namakhemikhali e-sulfa kulokhu akusizi ngalutho: kungcono ukunaka izidakamizwa zeqembu le-tetracycline. Ukwelashwa kwabantu abasha kuvame ukuqhutshwa nge-oxytetracycline, okunikezwa ngamathole kabili ngosuku, amayunithi angu-5 000 ngehora elilodwa lokuphila kwesisindo (isifanekiso esibonisa usuku lokuqala lokwelapha).

Ngemuva kwalokho, ezinsukwini ezingu-9 ezilandelayo, imijovo yenziwa ngokulungiselela okufanayo, kodwa kanye kuphela ngosuku. Ngezinye izikhathi amathole agulayo ajojowe nge-serum ye-convalescents, esilinganisweni se-0.7 ml nge-1 kg yesisindo esibukhoma. I-Dibiomycin izoba efaneleka njengento eyisizayo.

I-Chlamydia pneumonia ikwelashwa kangcono ngama-aerosol amalungiselelo aphefuswe ngekhanda lamakhambi nezinkomo. Ukusetshenziselwa ukuphikisana kwama-resistors kanye nama-immune serums kwandisa ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ukwelashwa kwe-chlamydia ekwenzeni izinkunzi kulandela iphethini efanayo namathole nezinkomo, besebenzisa amalungiselelo afanayo we-tetracycline kulezi zindlela ezingenhla.

Ukuvimbela nokugoma

I-Chlamydia akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuphulukisa futhi kwezinye izimo akunakwenzeka ukugwema ukufa okukhulu kwemfuyo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa kwabo, kuhle ukufeza ukuvimbela ngesikhathi. Indlela ejwayelekile yokugoma usebenzisa izidakamizwa ezikhethekile. Umgogodla ujojelwa esilwaneni kanye, okuqinisekisa izinga eliphakeme lokuvikelwa ne-chlamydia ngonyaka ozayo.

Kubalulekile! Ukugonywa kungenziwa kuphela izilwane eziphilile emitholampilo, futhi uma kubonakala abantu abagulayo, kudingeke ukuba bahlukanise ngokushesha nabo bonke abantu futhi baqale ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ezinye izinyathelo zokuvimbela zihlanganisa:

  • ukuvinjelwa kwezinkomo ezinempilo emapulazini enezindawo zokuhlukanisa (ngokukhethekile nezilwane ezivela kwamanye amapulazi);
  • ukuvinjelwa kokudla ukudla okunempilo kwezinsalela zemfuyo ngemuva kokudla kakade abantu abagulayo;
  • ukuhlola njalo wonke amalungu emhlambi weqoqo lokuqoqwa kwezidakamizwa (ngaphambili ukuthi lesi sifo sitholakale, kulula ukuvimbela ukufa okukhulu kwemfuyo);
  • ukucwiliswa okuphelele kwamakamelo onke, izitsha zokudla kanye nezitsha zokuphuza lapho izilwane zingena khona (ezenziwe ngokuvumelana nemigomo esungulwe ngamasevisi enhlanzeko endaweni ethile);
  • ukuvinjelwa kokungenisa nokuthunyelwa kwezilwane kanye nokuphila kwabo ngaphandle kwepulazi lapho i-chlamydia ithola khona.

Ngokungangabazeki, izinkomo ze-chlamydia ziwumthombo wezinkinga eziningi, kodwa ngendlela efanele yokuxilongwa nokuphathwa kwalesi sifo ukulahlekelwa okuphawulekayo kungagwenywa. Lapho izimpawu zokuqala ezisolisayo zivela, kungcono ukuxhumana nodokotela wezilwane.